Damping in turbulent Navier-Stokes finite element model simulations of wind instruments

R Bader - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013 - pubs.aip.org
The flute has a very inefficient energy use, where< 1% of the blowing energy ends in the
produced sound caused by the high impedance of the blowing hole suggesting a heavy
damping in the system. Such damping is known from turbulent flows with high Reynolds
numbers. In a FEM simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation of the flute, the inflow of
blowing velocity into the flue shows unrealistic values. An alternative is the reasoning of
Kolmogorov about turbulent flow as a cascade of vortices satisfying the scaling law as a …