Color vision deficiency was hypothesized to be associated with impaired learning and inappropriate classroom behavior and with a higher observed frequency of referrals to programs for the educationally handicapped. Diagnostic color vision screening was conducted in 11 of 18 classrooms for the educationally handicapped (EH) and in an equivalent number of regular classrooms. Deficient color vision was found in 13.25 percent of EH and 5.04 percent of regular class students. The difference was significant at p < .05. The hypothesis that color vision deficiency was significantly associated with observable behavior patterns considered inimical to classroom learning was confirmed.