This study investigated the effects of a gaming approach on knowledge acquisition and retention in military trainees. Three groups of trainees were presented with subject matter in paper-based prose form (text), paper-based question-and-answer form (test), or computer-based gaming form (game). These conditions were selected to investigate potential benefits of computer-based gaming over traditional paper-and-pencil media in terms of trainee performance and reaction. Results showed that participants assigned to the game condition scored significantly higher on a retention test com- pared to pretest performance. Furthermore, participants assigned to the game condition scored significantly higher on a retention test than did participants assigned to the text condition. Participants assigned to the test and text conditions showed no benefit from training in performance at the retention test. In addition, participants assigned to the game condition rated the training they received as more enjoyable and more effective than did those assigned to the other 2 conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of computer-based games for military training applications.