In this article, we thoroughly discuss many aspects of diaphragm-embedded optical fiber sensors covering industrial, robotics and medical applications: from the modeling to field applications, which also include sensor fabrication (such as interferometers, grating-based sensors, intensity variation sensors) in standard and specialty optical fibers, diaphragm and optical fiber materials thermal and mechanical characterizations. The operation limits of the sensors, interrogation techniques and the measurement possibilities that such sensors provide are also discussed. We expect that this review and tutorial provide valuable information regarding the optical fiber sensor approach, material selection and sensor assembly for the development of diaphragm-embedded optical fiber sensors.