In clinical applications, surface plasmon resonance sensors are widely used with many advantages including rapid and simultaneous response, high selective, sensitivity and specificity, portable and outstanding detection performance. Recently, the innovations and efforts in the field of sensor have expanded rapidly and have a wide range of applications, especially in the fields of environmental, medical, and pharmaceutical applications, and food safety. In particular, sensor systems were prepared with molecularly imprinted polymers create selective and specific recognition spaces for template molecules in a polymeric matrix, resulting in an important formation with surface modification techniques. In addition, this method provides a wide scope for imprinting various biomolecules with different three-dimensional structures and physical and chemical properties. Unlike time-consuming and complex surface modification methods, molecular imprinting technology offers sensitive, selective, fast, easy preparation, and use approaches especially for diagnostic, and theranostic applications. In addition, molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors, with their low cost, reusability, high stability, physical and chemical robustness, have become very attractive methods for clinical applications with their sensitivity to very small structural changes in the structure of biomolecules. This review aims to summarize the molecular imprinting technology, the working principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, SPR sensor studies prepared with molecularly imprinted polymers in the literature and the future outlook of these concepts.