Natural language processing (NLP) stands halfway between computer science computational linguistics, and it is dedicated to the conversion of written and spoken natural human languages into structured mineable data. Through the combination of linguistic, statistical and AI methods NLP can be used either to determine the meaning of a text or even to produce a human-like response. NLP is already part of our everyday life as it is widely implemented in our computer software or in our mobile phones. As hospitals produce a large amount of written free-text data, NLP may play an important role to develop tool for clinical decision support, evidence-based medicine, or even research. Indeed, NLP application in the field of medical informatics has received an increasing attention in the recent years. Undoubtedly, radiology is particularly suited to benefit from applications of NLP, given that the primary mode of inter-physician and physician-to-patient communication is by way of the written radiology report.