Afrikaans leid: Difference atween revisions
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{{Infobox language
| name = Afrikaans
| pronunciation = {{IPA-af|afriˈkɑːns|}}
| states = [[Sooth Africae]], [[Namibie]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|7.2|2}} million
| date = 2016
| ref = e19
| ethnicity=[[Afrikaners]], [[Cape Coloured]]
| speakers2 = 10.3 million [[L2 speakers]] in Sooth Africae (2002){{sfnp|Webb|2002|loc=14:78}}
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Germanic leids|Germanic]]
| fam3 = [[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic]]
| fam4 = [[Law Franconian leids|Law Franconian]]
| fam5 = [[Dutch leid|Dutch]]
| script = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Laitin script|Latin]] using [[Afrikaans alphabet]] |[[Afrikaans Braille]]}}
| sign = [[Signed Afrikaans]]<ref>Aarons & Reynolds, "South African Sign Language" in Monaghan (ed.), ''Many Ways to be Deaf: International Variation in Deaf Communities'' (2003).</ref>
| nation = {{RSA}}
| agency = [[Die Taalkommissie]]
| minority = {{NAM}}
| iso1=af
| iso2=afr
| iso3=afr
| glotto=afri1274
| glottorefname= Afrikaans
| lingua=52-ACB-ba
| map = Idioma afrikáans.png
| mapcaption = Regions shadit daurk blue represent auries o concentratit Afrikaans-speakin commonties
| notice=IPA
}}
'''Afrikaans''' is a [[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic leid]], mainly spoken in [[Sooth Africae]] and [[Namibie]]. It is a dochter leid o [[Dutch leid|Dutch]], oreeginatin in its 17t century dialects, collectively referred tae as '''[[Cape Dutch]]'''.<ref group="n">Afrikaans is a dochhter leid o Dutch; see {{harvnb|Booij|1995|p=2}}, {{harvnb|Jansen|Schreuder|Neijt|2007|p=5}}, {{harvnb|Mennen|Levelt|Gerrits|2006|p=1}}, {{harvnb|Booij|2003|p=4}}, {{harvnb|Hiskens|Auer|Kerswill|2005|p=19}}, {{harvnb|Heeringa|de Wet|2007|p=1, 3, 5}}.
<br />Afrikaans wis historically cawed Cape Dutch; see {{harvnb|Deumert|Vandenbussche|2003|p=16}}, {{harvnb|Conradie|2005|p=208}}, {{harvnb|Sebba|1997|p=160}}, {{harvnb|Langer|Davies|2005|p=144}}, {{harvnb|Deumert|2002|p=3}}, {{harvnb|Berdichevsky|2004|p=130}}.
<br />Afrikaans is rootit in seiventeent century dialects o Dutch; see {{harvnb|Holm|1989|p=338}}, {{harvnb|Geerts|Clyne|1992|p=71}}, {{harvnb|Mesthrie|1995|p=214}}, {{harvnb|Niesler|Louw|Roux|2005|p=459}}.
<br />Afrikaans is variously described as a creole, a partially creolised leid, or a different variety o Dutch; see {{harvnb|Sebba|2007|p=116}}.</ref> Awtho Afrikaans borraed frae leids sic as [[Malay leid|Malay]], [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]], the [[Bantu leids]] or the [[Khoisan leids]], an estimatit 90 tae 95 percent o Afrikaans vocabulary is o Dutch origin.{{#tag:ref|Afrikaans borraed frae ither languages sic as Portuguese, Malay, Bantu and Khoisan languages; see {{harvnb|Sebba|1997|p=160}}, {{harvnb|Niesler|Louw|Roux|2005|p=459}}.
<br />90 to 95 percent of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin; see {{harvnb|Mesthrie|1995|p=214}}, {{harvnb|Mesthrie|2002|p=205}}, {{harvnb|Kamwangamalu|2004|p=203}}, {{harvnb|Berdichevsky|2004|p=131}}, {{harvnb|Brachin|Vincent|1985|p=132}}|group="n"}}
Wi aboot 6 million native speakers in Sooth Africae, or 13.3 percent o the population, it is the third maist spoken mither tongue in the kintra.<ref name="statssa-2001-language-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/PublicationsHTML/Report-03-02-042001/html/Report-03-02-042001_18.html?gInitialPosX=10px&gInitialPosY=10px&gZoomValue=100|title=Census 2001 - Home language|publisher=[[Statistics Sooth Africae]]|accessdate=2 February 2010}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="statistics">{{cite web |ref=harv |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/RSAPrimary.pdf |year=2001 |title=Census 2001: Primary tables Sooth Africae: Census 1996 an 2001 compared |work=Statistics Sooth Africae |page=19 |publisher=[[Statistics Sooth Africae]] |access-date=2010-10-15 |archive-date=2014-12-20 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6UxL3wQW4?url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/RSAPrimary.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> It haes the widest geographical an racial distribution o aw [[Leids o Sooth Africae|offeecial leids]], an is widely spoken an unnerstood as a seicont or third leid.{{#tag:ref|It haes the widest geographical an racial distribution o aw offeecial leids; see {{harvnb|Webb|2003|p=7, 8}}, {{harvnb|Berdichevsky|2004|p=131}}. It haes bi far the lairgest geographical distribution; see {{harvnb|Alant|2004|p=45}}.<br />It is widely spoken an unnerstood as a seicont or third leid; see {{harvnb|Deumert|Vandenbussche|2003|p=16}}, {{harvnb|Kamwangamalu|2004|p=207}}, {{harvnb|Myers-Scotton|2006|p=389}}, {{harvnb|Simpson|2008|p=324}}, {{harvnb|Palmer|2001|p=141}}, {{harvnb|Webb|2002|p=74}}, {{harvnb|Herriman|Burnaby|1996|p=18}}, {{harvnb|Page|Sonnenburg|2003|p=7}}, {{harvnb|Brook Napier|2007|p=69, 71}}.<br />An estimatit 40 percent hae at least a basic level o communication; see {{harvnb|Webb|2003|p=7}} {{harvnb|McLean|McCormick|1996|p=333}}.|group="n"}} It is the majority leid o the wastren
While the
== Grammar ==
In the grammar o Afrikaans, thare's nae sindry atween the infinitive an praisent forms o verbs, wi the exception o the verbs 'to be' and 'to have':
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ffdead;"
! infinitive form
! present indicative form
! Dutch
! Scots
! German
|-
|wees || is || zijn (imperative: wees) || be || sein
|-
|hê
|}
An aw, verbs dinna conjugate differently depending on the subject. For ensaumple,
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ffdead;"
! Afrikaans || Dutch || Scots || German
|-
|ek is || ik ben || A am || ich bin
|-
|jy/u
|-
|hy/sy/dit
|-
|ons
|-
|julle is || jullie zijn || you/ye are (plur.) || ihr seid (informal pl.)
|-
|hulle is || zij zijn || thay are || Sie (formal sing. & pl.)/sie sind
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references group="n"/>
{{Commonscat|Afrikaans}}
{{Germanic leids}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:
[[Category:Afrikaans| ]]
[[Category:Leids o Botswana]]
[[Category:Leids o Namibie]]
[[Category:Leids o Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:Leids o Eswatini]]
[[Category:Law Franconian leids]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb leids]]
[[Category:Verb-seicont leids]]
{{Stub/Africae}}
{{Stub/Leid}}
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