Background: Falls injuries remain the major cause of hospitalization and disability among childre... more Background: Falls injuries remain the major cause of hospitalization and disability among children and are the fifth leading cause of death among infants. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and barriers of parents regarding falls prevention and management in children under 5 years of age. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) outpatient clinics and primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia among a convenience sample of parents of children aged 5 years or less. Data were collected through a validated self-administrated questionnaire contained 4 main parts: Socio demographic characteristics of parents, detailed description of the children`s falls, knowledge about child falls prevention and management (14 statements) and attitude of parents towards child falls prevention and management (5 statements). Results: The study included 360 out of 384 targeted parents with a response rate of 93.75%. Almost two-thirds (65%) of the respondents were mothers and 47.5% aged between 25 and 34 years. The total parental knowledge score was abnormally distributed as shown by significant Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0,001. Its median value was 12 out of a possible maximum of 14 and its IQR was 12-14. Mothers were more knowledgeable about child falls prevention and management than fathers, p = 0.012. Parents aged between 25 and 34 years has the highest knowledge score, p < 0.001. Parents with Bachelor degree expressed the highest score, p = 0.011. Unemployed were more knowledgeable than employed parents, p = 0.004. Parents live in extended families had the highest score, p < 0.001. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between number of family members and total knowledge score (r "Spearman`s coefficient of correlation" = 0.106, p = 0.045). Parents who had history of receiving any training courses in first aid were more knowledgeable, p = 0.001. Overall, total parental attitude score towards fall prevention and management was abnormally distributed as shown by significant Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0,001. Its median value was 9 out of a possible maximum of 10 and its IQR was 8-10. The highest attitude score towards child fall prevention and management was observed among parents with lowest educational level, p = 0.030. Students expressed higher score of attitude score, p = 0.002. Divorced parents expressed higher attitude score than widowed parents, p < 0.001. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between number of rooms and total attitude score (r = 0.148, p = 0.005). Parents who had history of receiving any training courses in first aid were more likely to have better attitude compared to their counterparts, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Parental knowledge of and attitude towards child fall prevention and management were good in general. However, lack of their training in first aid represented the main barrier affecting their knowledge and attitude.
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia... more Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetes causes many complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR) which affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have diabetes for more than 10 years or more. Objectives To estimate the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients in some Arab countries and to compare the difference in the prevalence rate according to different patient’s characteristics. Patients and Methods In recent years, several studies have indicated occurrence of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the retina of diabetic patient. We reviewed the full articles of the extracted 17 different studies across 10 Arab countries that were captured through our search strategy. Through 25 years (1991– 2016), most of the studies re-ported were carried, we captured 17 studies through our systematic search. Results The prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among typ...
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is identified as a cluster of risk factors that significantly... more Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is identified as a cluster of risk factors that significantly increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. It is characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Multiple definitions and criteria of MS exist. The most widely used set of criteria are the US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), both of which are used in this study. Due to different defining criteria and population demographics, the prevalence of MS varies widely across countries, regions, and continents. Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among primary healthcare attendees in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) Wazzarat Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 262 participants. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of MS among primary healthcare attendees using ATP III and IDF criteria. Participants were assessed for sociodemographic features, comorbidities, vital signs, and laboratory data related to MS. Statistical analysis utilized R v 4.3 for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Chi-square tests for categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Results: Among the study participants, 20.2% met the criteria for MS according to ATP III, and 19.9% according to IDF criteria, with a strong concordance between the two (Kappa statistic = 0.92, P < 0.001). The median age of individuals with MS was significantly higher (45 years) than those without (35 years, P < 0.001). Significant predictors included age, with BMI and fasting blood glucose showing a strong positive correlation (r > 0.5, P < 0.001). Notably, 60.7% of the cohort were medically free from conditions contributing to MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS among primary healthcare attendees in Riyadh, as defined by ATP III and IDF criteria, underscores the importance of age and lifestyle factors as predictors. The findings advocate for targeted preventive strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications to mitigate the risk of MS. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term impact of these interventions.
Background: Patients, professionals, and health care systems are faced with a serious problem of ... more Background: Patients, professionals, and health care systems are faced with a serious problem of pressure ulcers. They represent a significant occurrence and prevalence throughout the world. Their character iatrogenic states that its appearance is preventable, and its incidence is an indicator of scientific and technical quality both in primary care and specialized care. Surgery may be necessary to accelerate the healing process, although most pressure ulcers are usually treated with debridement and conservative therapy. Their reported incidence and prevalence are significant worldwide. Objectives: The study's objectives are to identify the pressure ulcer risk factors in patients getting home health care, as well as to look at the quantity, type, and characteristics of pressure ulcers as well as patient comorbidities. Methods: Cross-sectional study, Home Care Nursing personnel questionnaire to determine the Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers, patient comorbidities, and the number, and characteristics of pressure ulcers among patients receiving home care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: PU is prevalent among the studied participants in Saudi Arabia, about 55% of these ulcers showed noticeable distraction of skin and/or deeper soft tissue against a bony prominence. We have also found a significant relationship between PU and gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, incontinence issues, nutritional status, and physical status, cerebrovascular accidents, trauma, and chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Different risk factors are associated with PU such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and nutritional, and physical status. To monitor and promote best practices in skin care for highly dependent patients, continued measurement and evaluation of PU incidence, it is recommended more research of risk factors of PU development be assessed at home Health care Centers.
Introduction: Early detection and prevention of diseases can reduce morbidity, mortality, and eco... more Introduction: Early detection and prevention of diseases can reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. There is need to assess the utilization of preventive services for common chronic diseases, cancers, and vaccinations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and sequence of utilization of preventive services for common chronic diseases, cancers, and vaccinations in addition to exploring community perspectives on these services. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted at primary healthcare centers in Prince Sultan Military Medical City covering Riyadh region from October 2022 to January 2023. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from attendees aged 18 years and older, focusing on the utilization of eight preventive services (blood glucose testing, blood pressure measurement, cholesterol testing, screening for breast cancer, screening for cervical cancer, screening for colorectal cancer, screening f...
Background: Falls injuries remain the major cause of hospitalization and disability among childre... more Background: Falls injuries remain the major cause of hospitalization and disability among children and are the fifth leading cause of death among infants. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and barriers of parents regarding falls prevention and management in children under 5 years of age. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) outpatient clinics and primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia among a convenience sample of parents of children aged 5 years or less. Data were collected through a validated self-administrated questionnaire contained 4 main parts: Socio demographic characteristics of parents, detailed description of the children`s falls, knowledge about child falls prevention and management (14 statements) and attitude of parents towards child falls prevention and management (5 statements). Results: The study included 360 out of 384 targeted parents with a response rate of 93.75%. Almost two-thirds (65%) of the respondents were mothers and 47.5% aged between 25 and 34 years. The total parental knowledge score was abnormally distributed as shown by significant Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0,001. Its median value was 12 out of a possible maximum of 14 and its IQR was 12-14. Mothers were more knowledgeable about child falls prevention and management than fathers, p = 0.012. Parents aged between 25 and 34 years has the highest knowledge score, p < 0.001. Parents with Bachelor degree expressed the highest score, p = 0.011. Unemployed were more knowledgeable than employed parents, p = 0.004. Parents live in extended families had the highest score, p < 0.001. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between number of family members and total knowledge score (r "Spearman`s coefficient of correlation" = 0.106, p = 0.045). Parents who had history of receiving any training courses in first aid were more knowledgeable, p = 0.001. Overall, total parental attitude score towards fall prevention and management was abnormally distributed as shown by significant Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0,001. Its median value was 9 out of a possible maximum of 10 and its IQR was 8-10. The highest attitude score towards child fall prevention and management was observed among parents with lowest educational level, p = 0.030. Students expressed higher score of attitude score, p = 0.002. Divorced parents expressed higher attitude score than widowed parents, p < 0.001. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between number of rooms and total attitude score (r = 0.148, p = 0.005). Parents who had history of receiving any training courses in first aid were more likely to have better attitude compared to their counterparts, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Parental knowledge of and attitude towards child fall prevention and management were good in general. However, lack of their training in first aid represented the main barrier affecting their knowledge and attitude.
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia... more Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetes causes many complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR) which affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have diabetes for more than 10 years or more. Objectives To estimate the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients in some Arab countries and to compare the difference in the prevalence rate according to different patient’s characteristics. Patients and Methods In recent years, several studies have indicated occurrence of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the retina of diabetic patient. We reviewed the full articles of the extracted 17 different studies across 10 Arab countries that were captured through our search strategy. Through 25 years (1991– 2016), most of the studies re-ported were carried, we captured 17 studies through our systematic search. Results The prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among typ...
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is identified as a cluster of risk factors that significantly... more Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is identified as a cluster of risk factors that significantly increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. It is characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Multiple definitions and criteria of MS exist. The most widely used set of criteria are the US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), both of which are used in this study. Due to different defining criteria and population demographics, the prevalence of MS varies widely across countries, regions, and continents. Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among primary healthcare attendees in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) Wazzarat Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 262 participants. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of MS among primary healthcare attendees using ATP III and IDF criteria. Participants were assessed for sociodemographic features, comorbidities, vital signs, and laboratory data related to MS. Statistical analysis utilized R v 4.3 for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Chi-square tests for categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Results: Among the study participants, 20.2% met the criteria for MS according to ATP III, and 19.9% according to IDF criteria, with a strong concordance between the two (Kappa statistic = 0.92, P < 0.001). The median age of individuals with MS was significantly higher (45 years) than those without (35 years, P < 0.001). Significant predictors included age, with BMI and fasting blood glucose showing a strong positive correlation (r > 0.5, P < 0.001). Notably, 60.7% of the cohort were medically free from conditions contributing to MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS among primary healthcare attendees in Riyadh, as defined by ATP III and IDF criteria, underscores the importance of age and lifestyle factors as predictors. The findings advocate for targeted preventive strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications to mitigate the risk of MS. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term impact of these interventions.
Background: Patients, professionals, and health care systems are faced with a serious problem of ... more Background: Patients, professionals, and health care systems are faced with a serious problem of pressure ulcers. They represent a significant occurrence and prevalence throughout the world. Their character iatrogenic states that its appearance is preventable, and its incidence is an indicator of scientific and technical quality both in primary care and specialized care. Surgery may be necessary to accelerate the healing process, although most pressure ulcers are usually treated with debridement and conservative therapy. Their reported incidence and prevalence are significant worldwide. Objectives: The study's objectives are to identify the pressure ulcer risk factors in patients getting home health care, as well as to look at the quantity, type, and characteristics of pressure ulcers as well as patient comorbidities. Methods: Cross-sectional study, Home Care Nursing personnel questionnaire to determine the Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers, patient comorbidities, and the number, and characteristics of pressure ulcers among patients receiving home care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: PU is prevalent among the studied participants in Saudi Arabia, about 55% of these ulcers showed noticeable distraction of skin and/or deeper soft tissue against a bony prominence. We have also found a significant relationship between PU and gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, incontinence issues, nutritional status, and physical status, cerebrovascular accidents, trauma, and chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Different risk factors are associated with PU such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and nutritional, and physical status. To monitor and promote best practices in skin care for highly dependent patients, continued measurement and evaluation of PU incidence, it is recommended more research of risk factors of PU development be assessed at home Health care Centers.
Introduction: Early detection and prevention of diseases can reduce morbidity, mortality, and eco... more Introduction: Early detection and prevention of diseases can reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. There is need to assess the utilization of preventive services for common chronic diseases, cancers, and vaccinations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and sequence of utilization of preventive services for common chronic diseases, cancers, and vaccinations in addition to exploring community perspectives on these services. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted at primary healthcare centers in Prince Sultan Military Medical City covering Riyadh region from October 2022 to January 2023. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from attendees aged 18 years and older, focusing on the utilization of eight preventive services (blood glucose testing, blood pressure measurement, cholesterol testing, screening for breast cancer, screening for cervical cancer, screening for colorectal cancer, screening f...
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