Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 2020
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO), Centre for Disease Control (... more Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO), Centre for Disease Control (CDC), and other health organizations around the world have coordinated the flow of information and given out preventive directives measures and guidelines to reduce the impact and spread of the disease. Meanwhile, bodies of scientists and researchers around the world are still working ceaselessly to study the virus, mode of transmission mechanisms, and are rapidly developing therapeutic antiviral drugs and vaccines. Thus, the urgent need for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable composite materials as drug delivery vehicles for the efficient loading, targeted delivery and controlled release of antiviral drugs to the target site is been inspired. Therefore, this review highlights the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of chitosan as well as the potency of a combined therapy via electrostatic/hydrogen bonding encapsulation onto the WHO suggested clinical trial drugs and po...
BACKGROUND: Malaria is the most prevalent tropical disease in the world today. Each year, it caus... more BACKGROUND: Malaria is the most prevalent tropical disease in the world today. Each year, it causes disease in approximately 650 million people and kills between one and three million, most of them, young children in Sub-Saharan Africa . Nigeria is known for high prevalence of malaria and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. Available records show that at least 50 per cent of the population of Nigeria suffers from at least one episode of malaria each year and this accounts for over 45 per cent of all outpatient visits. Malaria infection during the first five years of life is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The disease accounts for 25 per cent of infant mortality and 30 per cent of childhood mortality in Nigeria thereby imposing great burden on the country in terms of pains and trauma suffered by its victims as well as loss in outputs and cost of treatments. This study is aimed at assessing the management of malaria in children in Jos University Teaching Hospital METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study in which data was retrieved from the record folders of children attending Paediatric outpatient clinic and admitted into Paediatric wards within the stipulated study period. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for social science (SPSS v 23.0) and represented in tables and charts for interpretations. RESULTS: From the results obtained, the prevalence rate of malaria is 44.8%.Females had the higher prevalence of 45.7% than males. Age group, 1-5 years recorded the highest prevalence of 58.5%. Those parents’ of the children who resides in Villages had higher infectious rates of 41%.Those who attained secondary and tertiary institutions respectively had higher and similar infectious rates of 34.4% whereas those with lower socioeconomic status had higher rates of 59%.Preventive means commonly adopted by parents of the patients is Door/Window nets with 50.8%. The commonly prescribed antimalarial class are the Artemisinin combination therapy with Arthemeter-lumenfantrine (29.5%) being the most frequently prescribed antimalarial and Artesunate injection (14.1%) for uncomplicated and severe forms of malaria. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of malaria infection in this study still showed malaria is still a burden in Nigeria, particularly in Jos, Plateau State. Parents/guardians socio demographic characteristics such as education and place of residence have a great effect in reducing malaria infection among children which are the vulnerable group. The management protocols is very much in-line with WHO treatment guidelines.
The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the in vitro performance of miconazole n... more The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the in vitro performance of miconazole nitrate-loaded PEGylated solid lipid microparticles (SLMs). Non- PEGylated lipid matrix (10:0) was prepared by fusion method using cow fat (Bos indicus) and sunseed oil (9:1) while the PEGylated lipid matrices (9:1, 8:2, 6:4) were similarly prepared by adding increasing amounts (1, 2, 4 %) of PEG 4000 to the non-PEGylated lipid matrix. The SLMs were prepared by hot homogenization using the lipid matrices, miconazole nitrate, tween 80, soluplus, sorbic acid and distilled water and then characterised in terms of morphology and particle size, encapsulation efficiency, pH and storage stability. In vitro anti candidal performance of the SLMs was evaluated using Candida albicans isolated from high vaginal swab (HVS)and oral thrush swab (OTS) of female HIV-positive patients by the cup-plate agar diffusion assay. The results obtained indicate that miconazole nitrate-loaded SLMs were stable and spherical in shape. The microbiological studies showed that the PEGylated drug-loaded SLMs had higher inhibition zone diameter (IZD) (p<0.05) than non-PEGylated SLMs. Batches AM3 – DM3 gave the highest encapsulation efficiency indicating that more of the drug was entrapped by the SLMs loaded with the highest amount of the drug. The particle sizes obtained are within the acceptable range for oropharyngeal or vulvo vaginal application. This indicates that the SLMs can be explored for use in the delivery of miconazole nitrate for possible treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by susceptible strains of Candida albicans.
Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 2020
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO), Centre for Disease Control (... more Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO), Centre for Disease Control (CDC), and other health organizations around the world have coordinated the flow of information and given out preventive directives measures and guidelines to reduce the impact and spread of the disease. Meanwhile, bodies of scientists and researchers around the world are still working ceaselessly to study the virus, mode of transmission mechanisms, and are rapidly developing therapeutic antiviral drugs and vaccines. Thus, the urgent need for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable composite materials as drug delivery vehicles for the efficient loading, targeted delivery and controlled release of antiviral drugs to the target site is been inspired. Therefore, this review highlights the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of chitosan as well as the potency of a combined therapy via electrostatic/hydrogen bonding encapsulation onto the WHO suggested clinical trial drugs and po...
BACKGROUND: Malaria is the most prevalent tropical disease in the world today. Each year, it caus... more BACKGROUND: Malaria is the most prevalent tropical disease in the world today. Each year, it causes disease in approximately 650 million people and kills between one and three million, most of them, young children in Sub-Saharan Africa . Nigeria is known for high prevalence of malaria and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. Available records show that at least 50 per cent of the population of Nigeria suffers from at least one episode of malaria each year and this accounts for over 45 per cent of all outpatient visits. Malaria infection during the first five years of life is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The disease accounts for 25 per cent of infant mortality and 30 per cent of childhood mortality in Nigeria thereby imposing great burden on the country in terms of pains and trauma suffered by its victims as well as loss in outputs and cost of treatments. This study is aimed at assessing the management of malaria in children in Jos University Teaching Hospital METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study in which data was retrieved from the record folders of children attending Paediatric outpatient clinic and admitted into Paediatric wards within the stipulated study period. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for social science (SPSS v 23.0) and represented in tables and charts for interpretations. RESULTS: From the results obtained, the prevalence rate of malaria is 44.8%.Females had the higher prevalence of 45.7% than males. Age group, 1-5 years recorded the highest prevalence of 58.5%. Those parents’ of the children who resides in Villages had higher infectious rates of 41%.Those who attained secondary and tertiary institutions respectively had higher and similar infectious rates of 34.4% whereas those with lower socioeconomic status had higher rates of 59%.Preventive means commonly adopted by parents of the patients is Door/Window nets with 50.8%. The commonly prescribed antimalarial class are the Artemisinin combination therapy with Arthemeter-lumenfantrine (29.5%) being the most frequently prescribed antimalarial and Artesunate injection (14.1%) for uncomplicated and severe forms of malaria. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of malaria infection in this study still showed malaria is still a burden in Nigeria, particularly in Jos, Plateau State. Parents/guardians socio demographic characteristics such as education and place of residence have a great effect in reducing malaria infection among children which are the vulnerable group. The management protocols is very much in-line with WHO treatment guidelines.
The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the in vitro performance of miconazole n... more The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the in vitro performance of miconazole nitrate-loaded PEGylated solid lipid microparticles (SLMs). Non- PEGylated lipid matrix (10:0) was prepared by fusion method using cow fat (Bos indicus) and sunseed oil (9:1) while the PEGylated lipid matrices (9:1, 8:2, 6:4) were similarly prepared by adding increasing amounts (1, 2, 4 %) of PEG 4000 to the non-PEGylated lipid matrix. The SLMs were prepared by hot homogenization using the lipid matrices, miconazole nitrate, tween 80, soluplus, sorbic acid and distilled water and then characterised in terms of morphology and particle size, encapsulation efficiency, pH and storage stability. In vitro anti candidal performance of the SLMs was evaluated using Candida albicans isolated from high vaginal swab (HVS)and oral thrush swab (OTS) of female HIV-positive patients by the cup-plate agar diffusion assay. The results obtained indicate that miconazole nitrate-loaded SLMs were stable and spherical in shape. The microbiological studies showed that the PEGylated drug-loaded SLMs had higher inhibition zone diameter (IZD) (p<0.05) than non-PEGylated SLMs. Batches AM3 – DM3 gave the highest encapsulation efficiency indicating that more of the drug was entrapped by the SLMs loaded with the highest amount of the drug. The particle sizes obtained are within the acceptable range for oropharyngeal or vulvo vaginal application. This indicates that the SLMs can be explored for use in the delivery of miconazole nitrate for possible treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by susceptible strains of Candida albicans.
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METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study in which data was retrieved from the record folders of children attending Paediatric outpatient clinic and admitted into Paediatric wards within the stipulated study period. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for social science (SPSS v 23.0) and represented in tables and charts for interpretations.
RESULTS: From the results obtained, the prevalence rate of malaria is 44.8%.Females had the higher prevalence of 45.7% than males. Age group, 1-5 years recorded the highest prevalence of 58.5%. Those parents’ of the children who resides in Villages had higher infectious rates of 41%.Those who attained secondary and tertiary institutions respectively had higher and similar infectious rates of 34.4% whereas those with lower socioeconomic status had higher rates of 59%.Preventive means commonly adopted by parents of the patients is Door/Window nets with 50.8%. The commonly prescribed antimalarial class are the Artemisinin combination therapy with Arthemeter-lumenfantrine (29.5%) being the most frequently prescribed antimalarial and Artesunate injection (14.1%) for uncomplicated and severe forms of malaria.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of malaria infection in this study still showed malaria is still a burden in Nigeria, particularly in Jos, Plateau State. Parents/guardians socio demographic characteristics such as education and place of residence have a great effect in reducing malaria infection among children which are the vulnerable group. The management protocols is very much in-line with WHO treatment guidelines.
METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study in which data was retrieved from the record folders of children attending Paediatric outpatient clinic and admitted into Paediatric wards within the stipulated study period. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for social science (SPSS v 23.0) and represented in tables and charts for interpretations.
RESULTS: From the results obtained, the prevalence rate of malaria is 44.8%.Females had the higher prevalence of 45.7% than males. Age group, 1-5 years recorded the highest prevalence of 58.5%. Those parents’ of the children who resides in Villages had higher infectious rates of 41%.Those who attained secondary and tertiary institutions respectively had higher and similar infectious rates of 34.4% whereas those with lower socioeconomic status had higher rates of 59%.Preventive means commonly adopted by parents of the patients is Door/Window nets with 50.8%. The commonly prescribed antimalarial class are the Artemisinin combination therapy with Arthemeter-lumenfantrine (29.5%) being the most frequently prescribed antimalarial and Artesunate injection (14.1%) for uncomplicated and severe forms of malaria.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of malaria infection in this study still showed malaria is still a burden in Nigeria, particularly in Jos, Plateau State. Parents/guardians socio demographic characteristics such as education and place of residence have a great effect in reducing malaria infection among children which are the vulnerable group. The management protocols is very much in-line with WHO treatment guidelines.