ABSTRACT Botulizm nale¿y do chorób, do których docho-dzi w nastêpstwie spo¿ycia ¿ywnoci zanieczy... more ABSTRACT Botulizm nale¿y do chorób, do których docho-dzi w nastêpstwie spo¿ycia ¿ywnoci zanieczyszczo-nej mikroorganizmami produkuj¹cymi egzotoksyny. Jest chorob¹ znan¹ od dawna, nazwê nadano jej w 1820 roku od ³aciñskiej nazwy kie³basy botulus, wi¹zanej historycznie z przyczyn¹ choroby. Sam mikroorganizm, Clostridium botulinum zosta³ wyizo-lowany w 1896 roku przez van Ermengema w Belgii. Nale¿y do Gram-dodatnich beztlenowych laseczek szeroko rozpowszechnionych w naturze, przede wszyst-kim w glebie i osadach dennych zbiorników wodnych [6, 23]. W trakcie wzrostu bakterie wytwarzaj¹ bia³-kowe, ciep³owra¿liwe toksyny (jad kie³basiany), ró¿-ni¹ce siê serologicznie, co sta³o siê podstaw¹ do podzia³u produkuj¹cych je szczepów na typy, ozna-czone literami A, B, C, D, E, F oraz G. Typy A, B, E oraz w sporadycznych przypadkach typ F powoduj¹ botulizm u cz³owieka, natomiast typy C i D na ogó³ s¹ odpowiedzialne za botulizm u zwierz¹t. Szczepy C. botulinum typu G oraz niechorobotwórcze gatunki C. subterminale oraz C. hastiforme zaliczamy obecnie do gatunku C. argentinense [38]. Czêstoae wystê-powania choroby u ludzi jest niewielka, jednak¿e miertelnoae w wyniku zachorowania jest bardzo wy-soka, je¿eli nie podejmie siê natychmiastowego i w³a-ciwego leczenia [6, 23, 31].
Megabacteria, recently recognised as avian enteric yeast (AEY), are associated with disease and d... more Megabacteria, recently recognised as avian enteric yeast (AEY), are associated with disease and death in Budgerigars and a range of other birds. The article describes the first confirmed detection of AEY in Poland in droppings of Gracula religiosa. Gram stained slides of deep smears revealed many large Gram-positive rods. They grew well on Sabourand it gar with chloramphenicol and yeast-like colonies occurring in about 2-3 days. The microscopic substance which flourished on the fixed smears from the colonies had thin-walled, oval, budding cells and the presence of psedohyphae. API ID 32 C identified the colony as Candida kruzei. These socalled Megabacteria seem to be a so-far undescribed yeast.
Pigeons are widespread bird species in urban regions (Columba livia forma urbana) and may carry p... more Pigeons are widespread bird species in urban regions (Columba livia forma urbana) and may carry pathogens with zoonotic potential. In recent years, more and more data indicate that these zoonotic pathogens are multidrug resistant. Our results confirmed that global trend. Three different multidrug-resistant pathogens were isolated from an oral cavity of a racing pigeon with lesions typical for pigeon pox virus infection. Staphylococcus aureus was recognized as methicillin resistant, thus resistant to all beta-lactams. Additionally, it was also resistant to many other classes of antibiotics, namely: aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, lincosamides, and macrolides. Escherichia coli showed resistance to all antimicrobials tested, and it was classified as intermediate to amikacin. Moreover, Candida albicans resistant to clotrimazole, natamycin, flucytosine, and amphotericin and intermediate to ketoconazole, nystatin, and econazole was also isolated. This raises the question how pi...
Morel's disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius was diagnosed for the first... more Morel's disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius was diagnosed for the first time in Poland in October 2006 in a goat flock. A second infected flock was found two months later. The course of the disease in both flocks was observed for 15-17 months. Clinical manifestation was confined to abscesses located near major superficial lymph nodes, mostly: superficial cervical, subiliac, parotid and mandibular. At necropsy no other lesions were found. The incubation period was estimated at 3 weeks. Clinical signs were seen both in young and adult goats and up to 7 abscesses in one animal were noted. Abscesses tended to persist for 1 to 5 months, then rupture and heal completely. The initial high in-flock point prevalence in both flocks (93.6% and 84.4%) dropped to approximately 10-30% during next 3-4 months. Until the end of the observation period the in-flock point prevalence remained at this level and only single abscesses were observed, mainly in young animals. No inf...
ABSTRACT Botulizm nale¿y do chorób, do których docho-dzi w nastêpstwie spo¿ycia ¿ywnoci zanieczy... more ABSTRACT Botulizm nale¿y do chorób, do których docho-dzi w nastêpstwie spo¿ycia ¿ywnoci zanieczyszczo-nej mikroorganizmami produkuj¹cymi egzotoksyny. Jest chorob¹ znan¹ od dawna, nazwê nadano jej w 1820 roku od ³aciñskiej nazwy kie³basy botulus, wi¹zanej historycznie z przyczyn¹ choroby. Sam mikroorganizm, Clostridium botulinum zosta³ wyizo-lowany w 1896 roku przez van Ermengema w Belgii. Nale¿y do Gram-dodatnich beztlenowych laseczek szeroko rozpowszechnionych w naturze, przede wszyst-kim w glebie i osadach dennych zbiorników wodnych [6, 23]. W trakcie wzrostu bakterie wytwarzaj¹ bia³-kowe, ciep³owra¿liwe toksyny (jad kie³basiany), ró¿-ni¹ce siê serologicznie, co sta³o siê podstaw¹ do podzia³u produkuj¹cych je szczepów na typy, ozna-czone literami A, B, C, D, E, F oraz G. Typy A, B, E oraz w sporadycznych przypadkach typ F powoduj¹ botulizm u cz³owieka, natomiast typy C i D na ogó³ s¹ odpowiedzialne za botulizm u zwierz¹t. Szczepy C. botulinum typu G oraz niechorobotwórcze gatunki C. subterminale oraz C. hastiforme zaliczamy obecnie do gatunku C. argentinense [38]. Czêstoae wystê-powania choroby u ludzi jest niewielka, jednak¿e miertelnoae w wyniku zachorowania jest bardzo wy-soka, je¿eli nie podejmie siê natychmiastowego i w³a-ciwego leczenia [6, 23, 31].
Megabacteria, recently recognised as avian enteric yeast (AEY), are associated with disease and d... more Megabacteria, recently recognised as avian enteric yeast (AEY), are associated with disease and death in Budgerigars and a range of other birds. The article describes the first confirmed detection of AEY in Poland in droppings of Gracula religiosa. Gram stained slides of deep smears revealed many large Gram-positive rods. They grew well on Sabourand it gar with chloramphenicol and yeast-like colonies occurring in about 2-3 days. The microscopic substance which flourished on the fixed smears from the colonies had thin-walled, oval, budding cells and the presence of psedohyphae. API ID 32 C identified the colony as Candida kruzei. These socalled Megabacteria seem to be a so-far undescribed yeast.
Pigeons are widespread bird species in urban regions (Columba livia forma urbana) and may carry p... more Pigeons are widespread bird species in urban regions (Columba livia forma urbana) and may carry pathogens with zoonotic potential. In recent years, more and more data indicate that these zoonotic pathogens are multidrug resistant. Our results confirmed that global trend. Three different multidrug-resistant pathogens were isolated from an oral cavity of a racing pigeon with lesions typical for pigeon pox virus infection. Staphylococcus aureus was recognized as methicillin resistant, thus resistant to all beta-lactams. Additionally, it was also resistant to many other classes of antibiotics, namely: aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, lincosamides, and macrolides. Escherichia coli showed resistance to all antimicrobials tested, and it was classified as intermediate to amikacin. Moreover, Candida albicans resistant to clotrimazole, natamycin, flucytosine, and amphotericin and intermediate to ketoconazole, nystatin, and econazole was also isolated. This raises the question how pi...
Morel's disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius was diagnosed for the first... more Morel's disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius was diagnosed for the first time in Poland in October 2006 in a goat flock. A second infected flock was found two months later. The course of the disease in both flocks was observed for 15-17 months. Clinical manifestation was confined to abscesses located near major superficial lymph nodes, mostly: superficial cervical, subiliac, parotid and mandibular. At necropsy no other lesions were found. The incubation period was estimated at 3 weeks. Clinical signs were seen both in young and adult goats and up to 7 abscesses in one animal were noted. Abscesses tended to persist for 1 to 5 months, then rupture and heal completely. The initial high in-flock point prevalence in both flocks (93.6% and 84.4%) dropped to approximately 10-30% during next 3-4 months. Until the end of the observation period the in-flock point prevalence remained at this level and only single abscesses were observed, mainly in young animals. No inf...
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