Kmerski jezik
(Preusmjereno sa stranice Khmerski jezik)
Kmerski jezik (ភាសាខ្មែរ) je zvanični jezik Kambodže. To je jezik naroda Kmer, najbrojnije etničke zajednice u zemlji. Ovaj se jezik ubraja u austroazijsku jezičku porodicu.
| santali | ||
|---|---|---|
| ភាសាខ្មែរ | ||
| Izgovor | pʰiːəsaː kʰmaːe | |
| Države | Kambodža, Vijetnam, Tajland | |
| Broj govornika | 16 miliona (2007) | |
| Porodica | austroazijski
| |
| Sistem pisanja | Kmersko pismo | |
| Službeni status | ||
| Zvaničan |  Kambodža
| |
| Reguliše | Savet za kmerski jezik | |
| Jezički kodovi | ||
| ISO 639-1 | km | |
| ISO 639-2 | khm | |
| ISO 639-3 | khm | |
| Pažnja: Ova strana možda sadrži IPA fonetske simbole u unikodu. | ||
Sa susednim tai, lao i vijetnamskim jezikom, kmerski jezik sačinjava jezički savez. Za razliku od njih, kmerski nema melodijski akcenat.
Najraniji zapisi kmerskog jezika potiču iz 6-7. veka nove ere. Preko budizma i hinduizma, sanskrit je uticao na kmerski jezik. Kmerski jezik se zapisuje sopstvenim, kmerskim pismom, koje je slično tai i lao pismu.
Kmerskim jezikom se služi oko 13-21 milion ljudi.
Osobine
Red reči u kmerskom odgovara šablonu: subjekat-glagol-objekat. Reči se najčešće sastoje iz jedne morfeme, a za tvorbu reči povremeno služe prefiksi i infiksi. Kmerske reči najčešće imaju dva ili tri sloga. Glagoli se često povezuju u nizove. Imenice nemaju rod ni broj. Kmerski jezik razlikuje nekoliko nivoa učtivog obraćanja.
Fonetika
| slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor | slovo | izgovor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ក | kɑɑ | ខ | khɑɑ | គ | kɔɔ | ឃ | khɔɔ | ង | ŋɔɔ |
| ច | cɑɑ | ឆ | chɑɑ | ជ | cɔɔ | ឈ | chɔɔ | ញ | ɲɔɔ |
| ដ | dɑɑ | ឋ | tɑɑ | ឌ | dɔɔ | ឍ | thɔɔ | ណ | nɑɑ |
| ត | tɑɑ | ថ | thɑɑ | ទ | tɔɔ | ធ | thɔɔ | ន | nɔɔ |
| ប | bɑɑ | ផ | pɑɑ | ព | bɔɔ | ភ | pɔɔ | ម | mɔɔ |
| យ | jɔɔ | រ | rɔɔ | ល | lɔɔ | វ | vɔɔ | ||
| ស | sɑɑ | ហ | hɑɑ | ឡ | lɑɑ | អ | ʔɑɑ |
Napomena: izgovor je označen po IPA.
Literatura
- Ferlus, Michel. (1992). Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", Mon–Khmer Studies XXI: 57-89)
- Headley, Robert and others. (1977). Cambodian-English Dictionary. Washington, Catholic University Press. ISBN 0-8132-0509-3
- Herington, Jennifer and Amy Ryan. (2013). Sociolinguistic Survey of the Khmer Khe in Cambodia Arhivirano 2021-03-10 na Wayback Machine-u. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
- Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970). Modern spoken Cambodian. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01315-9
- Huffman, F. E., Lambert, C.-R. T., & Im Proum. (1970). Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader with drills and glossary. Yale linguistic series. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01199-7
- Jacob, Judith. 1974. A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary. London, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-713574-9
- Jacob, J. M. (1996). The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide. London oriental series, v. 40. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-713612-5
- Jacob, J. M., & Smyth, D. (1993). Cambodian linguistics, literature and history: collected articles. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ISBN 0-7286-0218-0
- Keesee, A. P. K. (1996). An English-spoken Khmer dictionary: with romanized writing system, usage, and indioms, and notes on Khmer speech and grammar. London: Kegan Paul International. ISBN 0-7103-0514-1
- Meechan, M. (1992). Register in Khmer the laryngeal specification of pharyngeal expansion. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. ISBN 0-315-75016-2
- Sak-Humphry, C. (2002). Communicating in Khmer: an interactive intermediate level Khmer course. Manoa, Hawai'i: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. OCLC: 56840636
- Smyth, D. (1995). Colloquial Cambodian: a complete language course. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10006-2
- Stewart, F., & May, S. (2004). In the shadow of Angkor: contemporary writing from Cambodia. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-2849-6
- Tonkin, D. (1991). The Cambodian alphabet: how to write the Khmer language. Bangkok: Trasvin Publications. ISBN 974-88670-2-1
Spoljašnje veze
- Etnološki izveštaj o kmerskom jeziku
- Uvod u kmerski jezik
- englesko-kmersko-engleski rečnik Arhivirano 2008-05-16 na Wayback Machine-u
- Kheng.info—An online audio dictionary for learning Khmer, with thousands of native speaker recordings and text segmentation software.
- Language Links Database - language links and resources for Khmer language
- SEAlang Project: Mon–Khmer languages. The Khmeric Branch
- Khmer Swadesh vocabulary list (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- Dictionary and SpellChecker open sourced and collaborative project based on Chuon Nath Khmer Dictionary
- How to install Khmer script on a Windows 7 computer
- How to install Khmer script on a Windows XP computer
- Khmer Arhivirano 2018-09-26 na Wayback Machine-u at UCLA Language Materials project Arhivirano 2006-07-20 na Wayback Machine-u
- Online Khmer & English dictionary Arhivirano 2011-08-21 na Wayback Machine-u
- Khmer Online Dictionaries
- USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Cambodian basic course