Eka Rakhman Priandana (S’12) received his B.S. (2002) in electrical and electronics engineering from Surabaya Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Indonesia, his M.S. (2014) in electrical engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, and his Dr. Eng. (2020) in electrical engineering from Shizuoka University, Japan. Since 2009, he has been joining the Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) of Indonesia as an engineer in the department of the National Laboratory for Energy Conversion Technology (B2TKE). His research interests include new topology of current-source conversion systems, application of the microelectronic system for power electronics, renewable energy systems, microgrids, and distributed power generations.
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology
This article aims to design a model for forecasting the number of vehicles arriving at the batter... more This article aims to design a model for forecasting the number of vehicles arriving at the battery swap station (BSS). In our case, we study the relevance of the proposed approach given the rapid increase in electric vehicle users in Indonesia. Due to the vehicle electrification program from the government of Indonesia and the lack of supporting infrastructure, forecasting battery swap demands is very important for charging schedules. Forecasting the number of vehicles is done using machine learning with the long short-term memory (LSTM) method. The method is used to predict sequential data because of its ability to review previous data in addition to the current input. The result of the forecasting using the LSTM method yields a prediction score using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.3079 x 10-6 . The forecasted data can be combined with the battery charging model to acquire predicted hourly battery availability that can be processed further for optimization and scheduling.
2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS)
This paper describes several techniques to create new pure sinusoidal output generation for the c... more This paper describes several techniques to create new pure sinusoidal output generation for the current-source inverter (CSI) by incorporating state-of-the-art single-phase multilevel CSIs with linear power amplifiers. The successful key of this hybridization is the superimposition procedure, where the staircase multilevel current is superimposed by the linear compensating current to produce a pure sinusoidal current. The procedure is implemented in DC and AC compensation techniques. By using these strategies, nine new hybrid multilevel CSIs are obtained. One of the new hybrid configurations with DC compensation is tested in the experimental validation to demonstrate the proper operations of the proposed techniques.
This paper proposes a new method of gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using H-bridge multile... more This paper proposes a new method of gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using H-bridge multilevel current-source inverters (CSI) and a linear current compensator. The proposed system consists of several H-bridge CSI which are incorporated to generate staircase multilevel current waveform and a current compensator that generates a linear compensating current. This battery-driven linear compensating current is then superimposed onto the staircase multilevel current waveform in order to reform the output current to a pure sinusoidal waveform. As a result, the power grid is fed with a pure sinusoidal current waveform and the power quality is being kept in good condition. The computer simulations confirmed the proposed system is able to deliver power with acceptable efficiency and give outstanding total harmonic distortion by only using small passive filter. Keywords—Photovoltaic system; H-bridge multilevel currentsource inverter; linear current compensator; superimposition; power qua...
Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin l... more Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin luas, antara lain untuk backup daya, penyeimbang fluktuasi daya dari pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan, dan kendaraan listrik. Pada penggunaan sistem penyimpanan energi, informasi State of Charge (SoC) sangat dibutuhkan supaya tidak terjadi pemendekan umur baterai yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakseimbangan muatannya. Pada penelitian ini dibuat prototipe Battery Management System (BMS) untuk empat baterai lead acid berkapasitas 100 Ah, yang memiliki fungsi menyeimbangkan muatan melalui pengamatan SoC menggunakan metode coulomb counting . Karena kesetimbangan muatan setiap baterai dijaga agar tetap optimal, maka sebagai hasilnya adalah durasi pengosongan baterai dapat ditingkatkan lebih lama.
2021 3rd International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power Systems (ICHVEPS), 2021
Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is a battery charging system for electric vehicles (EVs)... more Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is a battery charging system for electric vehicles (EVs). EVSE must be designed to refer to the applicable standards to ensure security and interoperability with various types of EV. This paper explains the design of EVSE for mode 3 AC charging station (CS) based on International standard IEC 61851-1. The design follows the safety requirements on IEC 61851-1, such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and residual current devices to protect persons against electric shocks. Moreover, the charge controller manages the functionality of the devices and their communication so that energy transfers safely. The EVSE is equipped with a human-machine interface (HMI) using Raspberry Pi as the central processor to communicate between CS and EV users. The open charge point protocol (OCPP) is installed for communication between CS and the back-end system; thus, CS can be monitored and managed from the central system. The design is implemented for a 22 kW 3-phase AC EVSE and its testing result demonstrated a successful charging process to the commercial EV, Mitsubishi i-MiEV.
This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal... more This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal waveform with minimized switching losses and using a small-size output filter capacitor. The proposed method is investigated by incorporating a conventional multilevel current-source inverter with a linear amplifier. The conventional multilevel technique uses fundamental switching frequency instead of using high-switching frequency modulation for the H-bridge circuit. The linear amplifier such as class-A or class-D types has a function to reform the staircase waveform generated by the multilevel inverter into a pure sinusoidal by using superimposition technique. As a result, pure sinusoidal output current is generated with a small ripple and the system only requires a small output filter capacitor for smoothing the waveform. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed system presents not only the optimal configuration, but also an option as to whether to obtain excell...
This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform... more This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the high number multilevel lsingle-phase current-source inverter (CSI) with reduced switching device count. Previous multilevel CSI development proposed a new technique in generating pure sinusoidal output by compensating the staircase current with a linear current. This linear current compensation intends to reduce the output filter capacitor size without sacrificing inverter efficiency. However, this hybrid multilevel CSI would give higher efficiency and performance if applie in high number of levels. Consequently, the system needs high switching device count. Too many switching devices utilization will decrease the performance and the power density of the CSI as well. Therefore, this technique is introduced and only possible to be realized if the number of levels is higher than 5-level. By applying multilayer stagemethod while managing the DC current module activation sequences, ...
2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a hardware-software co-design solution for a real-time noise c... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a hardware-software co-design solution for a real-time noise cancelling algorithm using spectral subtraction algorithm. The hardware and software are partitioned based on the logic size and the speed performance. Considering the speed, hanning windowing filter and 64-point I/FFT are implemented in a dedicated hardware modules. Due to design complexity and size optimization, noise spectral estimator and spectral subtraction algorithm are implemented in a host processor using software. We utilize SPARC-V8 based LEON3 processor as a host processor. In order to increase the speed of software processing, we use FPU as a floating point arithmetic co-processor. Besides, we also propose a dedicated DMA architecture design to support high speed AMBA based burst transfer to communicate between dedicated hardware modules and host processor. The proposed system has latency less than 1 ms (< 4ms) and 12 ms processing delay. The MSE is only 0.0089%. Therefore, the system can work in real-time and many clock cycles are still available for future algorithm improvement.
This paper proposes a new circuit configuration of a three-level single-phase AC/DC/AC conversion... more This paper proposes a new circuit configuration of a three-level single-phase AC/DC/AC conversion system with reduced switching device counts. The circuit incorporates a three-level single-phase half-bridge current-source PWM inverter and a three-level single-phase half-bridge current-source PWM rectifier. The inverter circuit part is constructed from duality principle of the conventional voltage-source PWM inverter, while the rectifier circuit part is built by means of mirroring and reversing process of the inverter part. By combining them into one circuit with two reactors as the energy buffers, the converter can not only convert the voltage and frequency, but also can reduce the total harmonic distortion with reduced reactor size, compared with a two-level one according to the circuit simulations.
2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2020
A novel technique which is able to generate a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the sin... more A novel technique which is able to generate a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the single-phase current-source inverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique incorporates a staircase multilevel current waveform generator and a class-D amplifier-based linear compensating current waveform generator. This linear compensating current is superimposed onto the staircase current waveform in order to reform the output current to a pure sinusoidal waveform. All generated dc link currents are maintained by sensing the load voltage. Therefore, regardless of the load condition, the output current waveform is always constructed on the same number of levels. As a result, the proposed system has efficiency up to 90% and less than 2% output total harmonic distortion without using large output capacitor filter according to computer simulation.
This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal... more This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal waveform with minimized switching losses and using a small-size output filter capacitor. The proposed method is investigated by incorporating a conventional multilevel current-source inverter with a linear amplifier. The conventional multilevel technique uses fundamental switching frequency instead of using high-switching frequency modulation for the H-bridge circuit. The linear amplifier such as class-A or class-D types has a function to reform the staircase waveform generated by the multilevel inverter into a pure sinusoidal by using superimposition technique. As a result, pure sinusoidal output current is generated with a small ripple and the system only requires a small output filter capacitor for smoothing the waveform. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed system presents not only the optimal configuration, but also an option as to whether to obtain excellent power efficiency or very low output harmonic. Implications of the results and future research directions are also presented.
IOP Science Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform... more This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the high number multilevel single-phase current-source inverter (CSI) with reduced switching device count. Previous multilevel CSI development proposed a new technique in generating pure sinusoidal output by compensating the staircase current with a linear current. This linear current compensation intends to reduce the output filter capacitor size without sacrificing inverter efficiency. However, this hybrid multilevel CSI would give higher efficiency and performance if applied in high number of levels. Consequently, the system needs high switching device count. Too many switching devices utilization will decrease the performance and the power density of the CSI as well. Therefore, this technique is introduced and only possible to be realized if the number of levels is higher than 5-level. By applying multilayer stage method while managing the DC current module activation sequences, the high number of levels CSI can be constructed with only using few DC current modules. As a result, according to the computer comparison simulation, the implementation of the proposed technique delivers relatively equal results compared to the conventional one just by utilizing fewer switching devices.
Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan, Jul 3, 2018
Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin l... more Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin luas, antara lain untuk backup daya, penyeimbang fluktuasi daya dari pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan, dan kendaraan listrik. Pada penggunaan sistem penyimpanan energi, informasi State of Charge (SoC) sangat dibutuhkan supaya tidak terjadi pemendekan umur baterai yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakseimbangan muatannya. Pada penelitian ini dibuat prototipe Battery Management System (BMS) untuk empat baterai lead acid berkapasitas 100 Ah, yang memiliki fungsi menyeimbangkan muatan melalui pengamatan SoC menggunakan metode coulomb counting. Karena kesetimbangan muatan setiap baterai dijaga agar tetap optimal, maka sebagai hasilnya adalah durasi pengosongan baterai dapat ditingkatkan lebih lama. Kata kunci: state of charge, battery management system, lead acid, coulomb counting.
An analysis and design of variable double-band hysteresis current controller for single-phase ful... more An analysis and design of variable double-band hysteresis current controller for single-phase full-bridge bidirectional converters are presented in this paper. A variable double-band hysteresis is applied into bidirectional converter current controllers in order to improve dynamic response and reduce switching losses by increasing the switching frequency when inverter output current is relatively low and decreasing the switching frequency when inverter output current is relatively high without sacrificing the harmonic content of the AC side current. The experimental result shows the proposed variable double-band hysteresis current controller has a better average efficiency than the fixed one.
Keywords: variable double-band hysteresis current controller, dynamic response, switching losses, harmonic content, average efficiency.
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology
This article aims to design a model for forecasting the number of vehicles arriving at the batter... more This article aims to design a model for forecasting the number of vehicles arriving at the battery swap station (BSS). In our case, we study the relevance of the proposed approach given the rapid increase in electric vehicle users in Indonesia. Due to the vehicle electrification program from the government of Indonesia and the lack of supporting infrastructure, forecasting battery swap demands is very important for charging schedules. Forecasting the number of vehicles is done using machine learning with the long short-term memory (LSTM) method. The method is used to predict sequential data because of its ability to review previous data in addition to the current input. The result of the forecasting using the LSTM method yields a prediction score using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.3079 x 10-6 . The forecasted data can be combined with the battery charging model to acquire predicted hourly battery availability that can be processed further for optimization and scheduling.
2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS)
This paper describes several techniques to create new pure sinusoidal output generation for the c... more This paper describes several techniques to create new pure sinusoidal output generation for the current-source inverter (CSI) by incorporating state-of-the-art single-phase multilevel CSIs with linear power amplifiers. The successful key of this hybridization is the superimposition procedure, where the staircase multilevel current is superimposed by the linear compensating current to produce a pure sinusoidal current. The procedure is implemented in DC and AC compensation techniques. By using these strategies, nine new hybrid multilevel CSIs are obtained. One of the new hybrid configurations with DC compensation is tested in the experimental validation to demonstrate the proper operations of the proposed techniques.
This paper proposes a new method of gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using H-bridge multile... more This paper proposes a new method of gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using H-bridge multilevel current-source inverters (CSI) and a linear current compensator. The proposed system consists of several H-bridge CSI which are incorporated to generate staircase multilevel current waveform and a current compensator that generates a linear compensating current. This battery-driven linear compensating current is then superimposed onto the staircase multilevel current waveform in order to reform the output current to a pure sinusoidal waveform. As a result, the power grid is fed with a pure sinusoidal current waveform and the power quality is being kept in good condition. The computer simulations confirmed the proposed system is able to deliver power with acceptable efficiency and give outstanding total harmonic distortion by only using small passive filter. Keywords—Photovoltaic system; H-bridge multilevel currentsource inverter; linear current compensator; superimposition; power qua...
Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin l... more Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin luas, antara lain untuk backup daya, penyeimbang fluktuasi daya dari pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan, dan kendaraan listrik. Pada penggunaan sistem penyimpanan energi, informasi State of Charge (SoC) sangat dibutuhkan supaya tidak terjadi pemendekan umur baterai yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakseimbangan muatannya. Pada penelitian ini dibuat prototipe Battery Management System (BMS) untuk empat baterai lead acid berkapasitas 100 Ah, yang memiliki fungsi menyeimbangkan muatan melalui pengamatan SoC menggunakan metode coulomb counting . Karena kesetimbangan muatan setiap baterai dijaga agar tetap optimal, maka sebagai hasilnya adalah durasi pengosongan baterai dapat ditingkatkan lebih lama.
2021 3rd International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power Systems (ICHVEPS), 2021
Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is a battery charging system for electric vehicles (EVs)... more Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is a battery charging system for electric vehicles (EVs). EVSE must be designed to refer to the applicable standards to ensure security and interoperability with various types of EV. This paper explains the design of EVSE for mode 3 AC charging station (CS) based on International standard IEC 61851-1. The design follows the safety requirements on IEC 61851-1, such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and residual current devices to protect persons against electric shocks. Moreover, the charge controller manages the functionality of the devices and their communication so that energy transfers safely. The EVSE is equipped with a human-machine interface (HMI) using Raspberry Pi as the central processor to communicate between CS and EV users. The open charge point protocol (OCPP) is installed for communication between CS and the back-end system; thus, CS can be monitored and managed from the central system. The design is implemented for a 22 kW 3-phase AC EVSE and its testing result demonstrated a successful charging process to the commercial EV, Mitsubishi i-MiEV.
This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal... more This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal waveform with minimized switching losses and using a small-size output filter capacitor. The proposed method is investigated by incorporating a conventional multilevel current-source inverter with a linear amplifier. The conventional multilevel technique uses fundamental switching frequency instead of using high-switching frequency modulation for the H-bridge circuit. The linear amplifier such as class-A or class-D types has a function to reform the staircase waveform generated by the multilevel inverter into a pure sinusoidal by using superimposition technique. As a result, pure sinusoidal output current is generated with a small ripple and the system only requires a small output filter capacitor for smoothing the waveform. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed system presents not only the optimal configuration, but also an option as to whether to obtain excell...
This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform... more This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the high number multilevel lsingle-phase current-source inverter (CSI) with reduced switching device count. Previous multilevel CSI development proposed a new technique in generating pure sinusoidal output by compensating the staircase current with a linear current. This linear current compensation intends to reduce the output filter capacitor size without sacrificing inverter efficiency. However, this hybrid multilevel CSI would give higher efficiency and performance if applie in high number of levels. Consequently, the system needs high switching device count. Too many switching devices utilization will decrease the performance and the power density of the CSI as well. Therefore, this technique is introduced and only possible to be realized if the number of levels is higher than 5-level. By applying multilayer stagemethod while managing the DC current module activation sequences, ...
2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a hardware-software co-design solution for a real-time noise c... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a hardware-software co-design solution for a real-time noise cancelling algorithm using spectral subtraction algorithm. The hardware and software are partitioned based on the logic size and the speed performance. Considering the speed, hanning windowing filter and 64-point I/FFT are implemented in a dedicated hardware modules. Due to design complexity and size optimization, noise spectral estimator and spectral subtraction algorithm are implemented in a host processor using software. We utilize SPARC-V8 based LEON3 processor as a host processor. In order to increase the speed of software processing, we use FPU as a floating point arithmetic co-processor. Besides, we also propose a dedicated DMA architecture design to support high speed AMBA based burst transfer to communicate between dedicated hardware modules and host processor. The proposed system has latency less than 1 ms (< 4ms) and 12 ms processing delay. The MSE is only 0.0089%. Therefore, the system can work in real-time and many clock cycles are still available for future algorithm improvement.
This paper proposes a new circuit configuration of a three-level single-phase AC/DC/AC conversion... more This paper proposes a new circuit configuration of a three-level single-phase AC/DC/AC conversion system with reduced switching device counts. The circuit incorporates a three-level single-phase half-bridge current-source PWM inverter and a three-level single-phase half-bridge current-source PWM rectifier. The inverter circuit part is constructed from duality principle of the conventional voltage-source PWM inverter, while the rectifier circuit part is built by means of mirroring and reversing process of the inverter part. By combining them into one circuit with two reactors as the energy buffers, the converter can not only convert the voltage and frequency, but also can reduce the total harmonic distortion with reduced reactor size, compared with a two-level one according to the circuit simulations.
2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2020
A novel technique which is able to generate a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the sin... more A novel technique which is able to generate a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the single-phase current-source inverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique incorporates a staircase multilevel current waveform generator and a class-D amplifier-based linear compensating current waveform generator. This linear compensating current is superimposed onto the staircase current waveform in order to reform the output current to a pure sinusoidal waveform. All generated dc link currents are maintained by sensing the load voltage. Therefore, regardless of the load condition, the output current waveform is always constructed on the same number of levels. As a result, the proposed system has efficiency up to 90% and less than 2% output total harmonic distortion without using large output capacitor filter according to computer simulation.
This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal... more This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal waveform with minimized switching losses and using a small-size output filter capacitor. The proposed method is investigated by incorporating a conventional multilevel current-source inverter with a linear amplifier. The conventional multilevel technique uses fundamental switching frequency instead of using high-switching frequency modulation for the H-bridge circuit. The linear amplifier such as class-A or class-D types has a function to reform the staircase waveform generated by the multilevel inverter into a pure sinusoidal by using superimposition technique. As a result, pure sinusoidal output current is generated with a small ripple and the system only requires a small output filter capacitor for smoothing the waveform. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed system presents not only the optimal configuration, but also an option as to whether to obtain excellent power efficiency or very low output harmonic. Implications of the results and future research directions are also presented.
IOP Science Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform... more This paper proposes an advanced technique in generating a pure sinusoidal output current waveform for the high number multilevel single-phase current-source inverter (CSI) with reduced switching device count. Previous multilevel CSI development proposed a new technique in generating pure sinusoidal output by compensating the staircase current with a linear current. This linear current compensation intends to reduce the output filter capacitor size without sacrificing inverter efficiency. However, this hybrid multilevel CSI would give higher efficiency and performance if applied in high number of levels. Consequently, the system needs high switching device count. Too many switching devices utilization will decrease the performance and the power density of the CSI as well. Therefore, this technique is introduced and only possible to be realized if the number of levels is higher than 5-level. By applying multilayer stage method while managing the DC current module activation sequences, the high number of levels CSI can be constructed with only using few DC current modules. As a result, according to the computer comparison simulation, the implementation of the proposed technique delivers relatively equal results compared to the conventional one just by utilizing fewer switching devices.
Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan, Jul 3, 2018
Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin l... more Pentingnya penggunaan teknologi yang rendah emisi karbon menyebabkan penggunaan baterai semakin luas, antara lain untuk backup daya, penyeimbang fluktuasi daya dari pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan, dan kendaraan listrik. Pada penggunaan sistem penyimpanan energi, informasi State of Charge (SoC) sangat dibutuhkan supaya tidak terjadi pemendekan umur baterai yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakseimbangan muatannya. Pada penelitian ini dibuat prototipe Battery Management System (BMS) untuk empat baterai lead acid berkapasitas 100 Ah, yang memiliki fungsi menyeimbangkan muatan melalui pengamatan SoC menggunakan metode coulomb counting. Karena kesetimbangan muatan setiap baterai dijaga agar tetap optimal, maka sebagai hasilnya adalah durasi pengosongan baterai dapat ditingkatkan lebih lama. Kata kunci: state of charge, battery management system, lead acid, coulomb counting.
An analysis and design of variable double-band hysteresis current controller for single-phase ful... more An analysis and design of variable double-band hysteresis current controller for single-phase full-bridge bidirectional converters are presented in this paper. A variable double-band hysteresis is applied into bidirectional converter current controllers in order to improve dynamic response and reduce switching losses by increasing the switching frequency when inverter output current is relatively low and decreasing the switching frequency when inverter output current is relatively high without sacrificing the harmonic content of the AC side current. The experimental result shows the proposed variable double-band hysteresis current controller has a better average efficiency than the fixed one.
Keywords: variable double-band hysteresis current controller, dynamic response, switching losses, harmonic content, average efficiency.
Uploads
Papers by Eka Rakhman Priandana
Keywords: variable double-band hysteresis current controller, dynamic response, switching losses, harmonic content, average efficiency.
Keywords: variable double-band hysteresis current controller, dynamic response, switching losses, harmonic content, average efficiency.