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White supremacy

racist belief that white (european stemming, caucasian) people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds

White supremacy is the belief that white people are better than all other races. The words "white supremacy" are sometimes used to describe a political idea that shows the social and political dominance of whites.[1]

White supremacy is a form of racism. It is not to be confused with different political and moral differences that people of any race may hold. White supremacists also want racial separation, which means people of different races living apart. White supremacy has often caused anti-black racism and antisemitism (Anti-Jewish hate).[2] Native Americans, Asians, multiracial people, Middle Eastern people, Muslims, mestizo or indigenous Mexicans, non-white Latinos and LGBTQ+ people are also hurt by white supremacists.[3]

The different groups who are in favour of white supremacy do not agree on who is white. They do not agree on which group is their worst enemy.[4] White supremacists often think that Jews are the biggest danger to their cause. They think Jews are able to hide inside society more easily than other ethnic groups.[5]

History

Politically, socially and economically, white supremacy was common in the United States before the American Civil War and for many years after.[6] This is also true for white supremacist regimes in South Africa and Rhodesia and of parts of Europe at different time periods. White supremacy was very important for Nazi Germany's Third Reich.[7] How much white supremacy has influenced Western culture is still being argued about. The ways it has changed how society works are still being studied. In some parts of the United States, many people who were thought to be non-white could not vote and were not allowed to be part of the government. They were also not allowed to work in most government jobs. They were still not allowed to do this, even into the second half of the 20th century.[8] White leaders in places like the United States and Australia often thought that Native Americans and Indigenous Australians kept society from going forward. They did not think of them as people who lived there in their own right. Many European-settled countries that are on the Pacific Ocean limited immigration from Asian and Pacific countries.[9] Many U.S. states banned marriage between races, through "anti-miscegenation laws" until 1967, when these laws were changed.[10] South Africa had a white supremacist regime, called Apartheid, until 1994.[11] Rhodesia had a white supremacist regime until 1980.[12]

White supremacists have become linked with a racist part of the skinhead subculture. When the skinhead subculture first began in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s, it was mostly influenced by the Jamaican rude boys and British mods.[13][14][15] But by the 1980s, a big white supremacist skinhead faction had formed.[16]

White supremacist movements and ideas

White supremacist groups can be found in most countries and regions with a large white population, including North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand. They can also be found in areas where most people are not white, such as South Africa and Latin America. In all of these areas, their views are held by only a small part of the population. The number of people who are active in the groups is quite small. The militant (very forceful) approach taken by white supremacist groups has caused them to be watched closely by governments and police. Many of the things that white supremacists say can get some people to hurt or kill other people. This is called hate speech. Some countries have laws against hate speech.[17] Some countries also have laws that stop or limit some white supremacist organizations. However, white supremacist groups are very different from each other. This means that it is hard to stop them all.

Religious movements

 
Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally in 1923.

The Christian Identity movement, which is regarded by most other Christians as heretical is closely tied to white supremacy.[18] The Ku Klux Klan's reasons for wanting racial segregation are not mainly based on religious ideas.[19] But the Klan uses Christian symbols like a cross on fire in order to put fear in their victims.[19] The Klan persecuted Catholics.Some white supremacists say that they follow the Odinist religion. Most Odinists do not accept white supremacy. White supremacists make up only a small part of those who support Odinism (belief in the gods of Norse mythology).[20] Some white supremacist groups, such as the South African Boeremag, put parts of Christianity and Odinism together.[21]

The World Church of the Creator, now called the Creativity Movement, backs a racist religion called Creativity.[22] The religion's purpose is 'a racial holy war" and "a bright and beautiful new world."[22] This new world will come through a special "holy war" that they call "RAHOWA" (RAcial HOly WAr). They think that members of the white race must take steps to save their white race. They believe that all races are at war with each other for land and natural resources. They say that their war is a religious war.[22]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Wildman, Stephanie M. (1996). Privilege revealed: how invisible preference. NYU Press. p. 87. ISBN 0814793037.
  2. ↑ Skutsch, Carl (2017-08-19). "The history of white supremacy in America". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  3. ↑ "White supremacy | Definition, History, Examples, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  4. ↑ Flint, Colin (2004). Spaces of Hate: geographies of discrimination and intolerance in the U.S.A. Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 0415935865. Although white racist activists must adopt a political identity of whiteness, the flimsy definition of whiteness in modern culture poses special challenges for them. In both mainstream and white supremacist discourse, to be white is to be distinct from those marked as non-white, yet the placement of the distinguishing line has varied significantly in different times and places.
  5. ↑ Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2003). Hate Crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Sage Publications Inc. p. 155. ISBN 0761928146. The third reason that Jews may be so vilified is that, compared with people of color, they can much more easily assimilate; they can easily "pass". This represents a particular threat to white supremacy because Jews can infiltrate the white power structure in a way that people of color cannot.
  6. ↑ Fredrickson, George (1981). White Supremacy. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. pp. 162. ISBN 0195030427.
  7. ↑ "racism". Oxford Reference - World Encyclopedia. 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  8. ↑ Carney and Finkelman (2009). "Jim Crow Laws". Oxford Reference - Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  9. ↑ Christopher Riches; Jan Palmowski (2021). "White Australia Policy". Oxford Reference - A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  10. ↑ Schoff Curtin, Rebecca (2012). "Anti-Miscegenation Laws". Oxford Reference - The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Political and Legal History. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  11. ↑ Saunders, Christopher (2008). "Apartheid". Oxford Reference - The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  12. ↑ "Rhodesia". Oxford Reference - Encyclopedia of Africa. 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  13. ↑ "Smiling Smash: An Interview with Cathal Smyth, a.k.a Chas Smash, of Madness". Archived from the original on 2001-02-19. Retrieved 2001-02-19.
  14. ↑ "Special Articles". Archived from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  15. ↑ Old Skool Jim. Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set liner notes. London: Trojan Records. TJETD169.
  16. ↑ Pollard, John (2016). "Skinhead culture: the ideologies, mythologies, religions and conspiracy theories of racist skinheads". EBSCOhost. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  17. ↑ European Court of Human Rights (October 2019). "Hate Speech" (PDF). Interntet Archive Wayback Machine. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  18. ↑ "Christian Identity". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Ku Klux Klan: A History of Racism". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  20. ↑ "Holy Hate: The Far Right's Radicalization of Religion". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  21. ↑ "New Brand of Racist Odinist Religion on the March". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Creativity Movement". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2023-02-08.

Further reading

  • Dobratz, Betty A. and Shanks-Meile, Stephanie. "White power, white pride!": The white separatist movement in the United States (Twayne Publishers, NY, 1997).
  • Lincoln Rockwell, George. White Power (John McLaughlin, 1996).

Other websites

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