Panic attack: Difference between revisions
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'''Panic attacks''' are sudden periods of very bad [[anxiety]]. Along with feeling very scared, people with panic attacks usually have physical [[Symptom|symptoms]]. These symptoms are not dangerous.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287913-overview |title=Panic Disorder |last1=Memon, M.D. |first1=Mohammed A. |date=January 5, 2015 |website= |publisher=Medscape |accessdate=January 20, 2016 |quote=}}</ref> However, they can make a person feel terrible for a short time. Having a panic attack is often terrifying and very upsetting.<ref name="Bourne2005">Bourne, E. (2005). ''The Anxiety and Phobia Workbook'', 4th Edition: New Harbinger Press.</ref> Many people who have a panic attack for the first time call the [[Emergency medicine|emergency services]] because they think they are having a [[heart attack]] or a [[nervous breakdown]].<ref>{{Citation | title=Don't Panic: Taking Control of Your Anxiety Attacks. Revised Edition, HC | first1=Wilson | last1=Reid | year=1996}}</ref> |
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{{complex|date=June 2012}} |
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'''Panic attacks''' are sudden, discrete periods of intense anxiety, mounting [[physiological]] arousal, fear, stomach problems (spastic colon) and discomfort that are associated with a variety of [[somatic]] and [[cognitive]] symptoms.<ref>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</ref> The onset of these episodes is typically abrupt, and may have no obvious triggers. Although these episodes may appear random, they are a subset of an evolutionary response commonly referred to as [[fight-or-flight response|fight or flight]] that occur out of context. This response floods the body with [[hormones]], particularly [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), that aid in defending itself from harm.<ref name=Bourne2005>Bourne, E. (2005). ''The Anxiety and Phobia Workbook'', 4th Edition: New Harbinger Press.</ref> Experiencing a panic attack is said to be one of the most intensely frightening, upsetting and uncomfortable experiences of a person's life.<ref name="Bourne2005" /> |
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Though panic attacks make people feel terrible, they are not dangerous. Usually, the worst symptoms are over in ten minutes or less. However, some panic attacks can be as short as one to five minutes.<ref name=medscape /> |
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According to the [[American Psychological Association]] the symptoms of a panic attack commonly last approximately ten minutes. However, panic attacks can be as short as 1–5 minutes, while sometimes panic attacks may form a cyclic series of episodes, lasting for an extended period, sometimes hours. Often those afflicted will experience significant ''anticipatory anxiety'' and [[limited symptom attack]]s in between attacks, in situations where attacks have previously occurred, and in situations where they feel "trapped". That is, where escape would be obvious and/or embarrassing. |
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Panic attacks can happen in people with all kinds of [[Mental illness|mental illnesses]].<ref name=dsm>{{cite book|url=|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5|date=2022|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|isbn=9780890425763|location=Washington, D.C.|page=}}</ref> They can also happen in people who do not have mental illness, but have just had something very bad happen to them.<ref name=dsm /> |
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Panic attacks also affect people differently. Experienced sufferers may be able to completely "ride out" a panic attack with little to no obvious symptoms or external manifestations. Others, notably first-time sufferers, may even call for emergency services; many who experience a panic attack for the first time fear they are having a [[heart attack]] or a [[nervous breakdown]].<ref>{{Citation | title=Don't Panic: Taking Control of Your Anxiety Attacks. Revised Edition, HC | first1=Wilson | last1=Reid | year=1996}}</ref> |
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A panic attack is sometimes confused with [[anxiety]]. Anxiety is progressive. When we think of negative thoughts, the anxiety becomes worse when we do not try to relax and it reaches to a point when we're out of control. A panic attack is not progressive, when we think of negative thoughts, a panic attack goes straight to us feeling out of control and people think they're having a heart attack because an anxious heart feels very similar to a heart attack. A panic attack is far worse than an anxiety attack, though both attacks require the person to learn how to calm down or get professional help if it becomes a problem in their daily lives. |
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== Symptoms == |
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The new [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)]], [[DSM-5]], describes a panic attack as: |
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''"An abrupt [sudden] surge of intense [very strong] fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes... [During that] time four or more of the following symptoms occur. The abrupt surge can occur from a calm state or an anxious state."''<ref name=dsm /> |
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According to DSM-5, a person is having a panic attack if they suddenly start feeling very scared and have four or more of these symptoms:<ref name=dsm /> |
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# [[Palpitation|Palpitations]] (a pounding [[heart]]) or [[Tachycardia|fast heart rate]] |
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# [[Sweat|Sweating]] |
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# Trembling or shaking |
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# Feeling unable to [[Breathing|breathe]] |
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# Feeling of [[choking]] |
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# [[Chest]] [[pain]] or discomfort |
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# [[Nausea]] or other [[Human gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal]] problems |
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# Feeling [[Dizziness|dizzy]], unsteady, lightheaded, or faint |
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# Feeling hot, or feeling chills |
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# [[Paresthesia|Paresthesias]] (numbness or tingling feelings) |
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# [[Derealization]] (feelings of not being real) or depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself) |
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# Fear of losing control or going [[Madness|crazy]] |
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# Fear of [[Death|dying]] |
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== The [[physiology]] behind panic attacks == |
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Panic attacks happen when the body's natural [[fight or flight response]] gets overprotective. Usually, the fight or flight response kicks in when a person is in [[danger]]. It tells the [[sympathetic nervous system]] to make many changes in the body. These changes will help the person fight or run away from the danger.<ref name=dsm /><ref name=sa>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-panic/ |title=Why Do We Panic? |last1=Lillenfeld |first1=Scott O. |last2=Arkowitz |first2=Hal |date=October 1, 2008 |magazine=Scientific American |accessdate=January 20, 2016 |quote=}}</ref> For example: |
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* The person will get [[Fear|scared]]. This makes them want to get away from the danger they are in. |
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* The heart will beat stronger and faster. This will get as much [[blood]] and [[oxygen]] to the body as possible. |
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* Chemical messengers like [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline) will be sent out through the body, to give the body extra [[energy]] to fight or run away. |
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* The body will stop [[digestion]] in the [[Human gastrointestinal tract|digestive tract]]. The body does this because it wants to spend all its energy on fighting or running away. It does not want to waste energy on things like digestion which will not help the person escape danger. |
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When a person is truly in danger, these changes in the body can help the person [[survive]]. The changes in the body make it easier for the person to fight or run away from the danger. |
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However, when a person is having a panic attack, their body is reacting as if they are in danger, when they are really not. Their fight or flight system kicks in and causes changes to the body. But because the person does not need these changes to help them survive, the changes cause symptoms.<ref name=dsm /><ref name=sa /> For example: |
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* The person will feel very scared, even though they are not actually in danger. |
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* The person may notice that their heart is pounding (because it is beating stronger) or beating quickly. |
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* The person may notice side effects from the epinephrine that is being sent out through their body. Those side effects can include sweating, [[chest pain]], and feeling even more anxious. |
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* Because digestion has suddenly stopped, the person may have [[nausea]], [[diarrhea]], or other gastrointestinal problems. |
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Every symptom of a panic attack is caused by the fight or flight reaction. This is why panic attacks are not dangerous. The fight or flight system is meant to save a person's life if they are in danger. It is a natural [[Self-defence|self-defense]] system in the human body. When a panic attack happens, this life-saving fight or flight system is simply kicking in when it is not needed.<ref name=dsm /><ref name=sa /> |
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== Related pages == |
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* [[Panic disorder]] |
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* [[Anxiety disorder]] |
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* [[Pan (mythology)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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== Other websites == |
== Other websites == |
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*[http://www.anxietybc.com/parent/panic.php What Is Panic Disorder? What are Panic Attacks?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128130520/http://www.anxietybc.com/parent/panic.php |date=2016-01-28 }} from AnxietyBC.com (Simple English) |
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[http://anxietyattacktreatment.joel007.com/post/698997982/anxiety-attack-treatment Panic Attack Treatment] |
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*[http://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/panic-disorder.aspx?item=2 Panic Attacks: The Hallmark of Panic Disorder] by the American Psychological Association |
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[http://panicawaybyjoebarry.com/ Panic Away] |
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001922/ Panic disorder] from PubMed Health |
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[http://www.outofmymindbody.com/ Deal With Panic Attacks] |
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[[Category:Anxiety disorders]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:18, 15 January 2024
Panic attacks are sudden periods of very bad anxiety. Along with feeling very scared, people with panic attacks usually have physical symptoms. These symptoms are not dangerous.[1] However, they can make a person feel terrible for a short time. Having a panic attack is often terrifying and very upsetting.[2] Many people who have a panic attack for the first time call the emergency services because they think they are having a heart attack or a nervous breakdown.[3]
Though panic attacks make people feel terrible, they are not dangerous. Usually, the worst symptoms are over in ten minutes or less. However, some panic attacks can be as short as one to five minutes.[1]
Panic attacks can happen in people with all kinds of mental illnesses.[4] They can also happen in people who do not have mental illness, but have just had something very bad happen to them.[4]
A panic attack is sometimes confused with anxiety. Anxiety is progressive. When we think of negative thoughts, the anxiety becomes worse when we do not try to relax and it reaches to a point when we're out of control. A panic attack is not progressive, when we think of negative thoughts, a panic attack goes straight to us feeling out of control and people think they're having a heart attack because an anxious heart feels very similar to a heart attack. A panic attack is far worse than an anxiety attack, though both attacks require the person to learn how to calm down or get professional help if it becomes a problem in their daily lives.
Symptoms
[change | change source]The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), DSM-5, describes a panic attack as:
"An abrupt [sudden] surge of intense [very strong] fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes... [During that] time four or more of the following symptoms occur. The abrupt surge can occur from a calm state or an anxious state."[4]
According to DSM-5, a person is having a panic attack if they suddenly start feeling very scared and have four or more of these symptoms:[4]
- Palpitations (a pounding heart) or fast heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Feeling unable to breathe
- Feeling of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or other gastrointestinal problems
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
- Feeling hot, or feeling chills
- Paresthesias (numbness or tingling feelings)
- Derealization (feelings of not being real) or depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself)
- Fear of losing control or going crazy
- Fear of dying
The physiology behind panic attacks
[change | change source]Panic attacks happen when the body's natural fight or flight response gets overprotective. Usually, the fight or flight response kicks in when a person is in danger. It tells the sympathetic nervous system to make many changes in the body. These changes will help the person fight or run away from the danger.[4][5] For example:
- The person will get scared. This makes them want to get away from the danger they are in.
- The heart will beat stronger and faster. This will get as much blood and oxygen to the body as possible.
- Chemical messengers like epinephrine (adrenaline) will be sent out through the body, to give the body extra energy to fight or run away.
- The body will stop digestion in the digestive tract. The body does this because it wants to spend all its energy on fighting or running away. It does not want to waste energy on things like digestion which will not help the person escape danger.
When a person is truly in danger, these changes in the body can help the person survive. The changes in the body make it easier for the person to fight or run away from the danger.
However, when a person is having a panic attack, their body is reacting as if they are in danger, when they are really not. Their fight or flight system kicks in and causes changes to the body. But because the person does not need these changes to help them survive, the changes cause symptoms.[4][5] For example:
- The person will feel very scared, even though they are not actually in danger.
- The person may notice that their heart is pounding (because it is beating stronger) or beating quickly.
- The person may notice side effects from the epinephrine that is being sent out through their body. Those side effects can include sweating, chest pain, and feeling even more anxious.
- Because digestion has suddenly stopped, the person may have nausea, diarrhea, or other gastrointestinal problems.
Every symptom of a panic attack is caused by the fight or flight reaction. This is why panic attacks are not dangerous. The fight or flight system is meant to save a person's life if they are in danger. It is a natural self-defense system in the human body. When a panic attack happens, this life-saving fight or flight system is simply kicking in when it is not needed.[4][5]
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Memon, M.D., Mohammed A. (January 5, 2015). "Panic Disorder". Medscape. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
- ↑ Bourne, E. (2005). The Anxiety and Phobia Workbook, 4th Edition: New Harbinger Press.
- ↑ Reid, Wilson (1996), Don't Panic: Taking Control of Your Anxiety Attacks. Revised Edition, HC
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2022. ISBN 9780890425763.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lillenfeld, Scott O.; Arkowitz, Hal (October 1, 2008). "Why Do We Panic?". Scientific American. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
Other websites
[change | change source]- What Is Panic Disorder? What are Panic Attacks? Archived 2016-01-28 at the Wayback Machine from AnxietyBC.com (Simple English)
- Panic Attacks: The Hallmark of Panic Disorder by the American Psychological Association
- Panic disorder from PubMed Health
