Mughal dynasty

The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل‎; Dudmân-e Mughal) was an Indian imperial dynasty,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] which comprised the members of the imperial House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر‎; Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), also known as the Gurkanis (Persian: گورکانیان‎; Gūrkāniyān).^[5] They ruled the Mughal Empire from c. 1526 to 1857.

The Mughal dynasty is generally divided into the following:

Early or Great Mughals

Babur (reigned 1526-1530) founded the dynasty;
Humayun (r: 1530-1540, then interregnum,^[6] then back in 1555-1556)
Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
Jahangir (1606-1627)
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707)

Later or Lesser Mughals

Shah Alam Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)
Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
Muhammad Shah Rangeela (1719-1748)
Ahmad Shah (1748-1754)
Alamgir II (1754-1759)
Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
Akbar (Shah) II (1806-1837)
Bahadur Shah Zaffar II (1837-1858)

1. Babur
(1483 –1531)

2. Humayun
(1508 –1556)

Masuma Sultan Begum

Kamran Mirza
(1509 –1557)

Gulchehra Begum

Askari Mirza
(1516 –1557/1558)

Hindal Mirza
(1519 –1551)

Gulbadan Begum

Gulrukh Begum

3. Akbar
(1542 –1605)

Mirza Muhammad Hakim
(1553 –1585)

4. Jahangir
(1569 –1627)

Shahzada Khanam

Shah Murad
(1570- 1599)

Daniyal
(1572- 1604)

Shakarunnisa Begum

Aram Banu Begum

Sultan Nisar Begum

Khusrau Mirza
(1587 –1622)

Parvez
(1590- 1626)

Bahar Banu Begum

5. Shah Jahan
(1592 –1666)

Lizzat-un-nisa Begum

Jahandar

Shahrayar
(1605 –1628)

Jahanara Begum

Dara Shikoh
(1615- 1659)

Shah Shuja
(1616-1661)

Roshanara Begum

6. Aurangzeb^{[lower-roman 1]}
(1618 –1707)

Murad Baksh
(1624 - 1661)

7. Muhammad Azam Shah
(1653 - 1707)

8. Bahadur Shah I
(1643 –1712)

Muhammad Akbar
(1657- 1706)

Muhammad Kam Bakhsh
(1667- 1709)

Azim-ush-Shan
(1664 –1712)

Rafi-ush-Shan
(1671 –1712)

9. Jahandar Shah
(1661 –1713)

Khujista Akhtar
(1673- 1712)

Neku Siyar
(1679- 1723)

Muhi us-Sunnat
(1690- 1747)

10. Farrukhsiyar
(1683 –1719)

12. Shah Jahan II

(1696 –1719)

11. Rafi'u-d-Darjat
(1699 –1719)

Muhammad Ibrahim
(1703 –1746)

15. Alamgir II
(1699 –1759)

13. Muhammad Shah
(1702 –1748)

16. Shah Jahan III
(1711- 1772)

17. Shah Alam II
(1728 –1806)

14. Ahmad Shah Bahadur
(1725 –1775)

19. Akbar Shah II
(1760 –1837)

18. Shah Jahan IV
Bedar Bakht
(1749- 1790)

20. Bahadur Shah II Zafar
(1775 –1862)

Notes:

↑ R. B. Whitehead, Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Obscure Press, retrieved 29 April 2010

References

↑ Petersen, Andrew. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. p. 198. The Mughals were an Indian Islamic dynasty which ruled most of northern India (including the area of present-day Pakistan) from the beginning of the six- teenth to the mid-eighteenth century.
↑ The Limits of Universal Rule Eurasian Empires Compared. p. 276. From the time of Akbar, who resurrected the Mughal polity, to the last formidable Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (1658-1707), Mughal preoccupation with the Deccan was the single most important sign of the fact that these Timurids had become an Indian dynasty. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |title= at position 29 (help)
↑ Otorbaev, Djoomart. Central Asia's Economic Rebirth in the Shadow of the New Great Game. Babur, the founder of the Indian Mughal dynasty, was born in the Ferghana Valley.
↑ Lorentz, John. The A to Z of Iran. p. 283. As the 17th century unfolded, the Safavid rulers not only had the Ottomans to contend with, but also the new Russian Mus- covy that had deposed of the Golden Horde and expanded to Safavid borders, as well as the Indian Mughal Dynasty that had expanded through Afghanistan and into Iranian territory.
↑ Zahir ud-Din Mohammad (10 September 2002). Thackston, Wheeler M. (ed.). The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. New York: Modern Library. p. xlvi. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9. In India the dynasty always called itself Gurkani, after Temür's title Gurkân, the Persianized form of the Mongolian kürägän, 'son-in-law,' a title Temür assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.
↑ In which Sher Shah Suri the Pashtun soldier and his successors briefly took over the government

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[7] R. B. Whitehead, Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Obscure Press, retrieved 29 April 2010

[1] Petersen, Andrew. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. p. 198. The Mughals were an Indian Islamic dynasty which ruled most of northern India (including the area of present-day Pakistan) from the beginning of the six- teenth to the mid-eighteenth century.

[2] The Limits of Universal Rule Eurasian Empires Compared. p. 276. From the time of Akbar, who resurrected the Mughal polity, to the last formidable Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (1658-1707), Mughal preoccupation with the Deccan was the single most important sign of the fact that these Timurids had become an Indian dynasty. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |title= at position 29 (help)

[3] Otorbaev, Djoomart. Central Asia's Economic Rebirth in the Shadow of the New Great Game. Babur, the founder of the Indian Mughal dynasty, was born in the Ferghana Valley.

[4] Lorentz, John. The A to Z of Iran. p. 283. As the 17th century unfolded, the Safavid rulers not only had the Ottomans to contend with, but also the new Russian Mus- covy that had deposed of the Golden Horde and expanded to Safavid borders, as well as the Indian Mughal Dynasty that had expanded through Afghanistan and into Iranian territory.

[Thackston2-5] Zahir ud-Din Mohammad (10 September 2002). Thackston, Wheeler M. (ed.). The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. New York: Modern Library. p. xlvi. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9. In India the dynasty always called itself Gurkani, after Temür's title Gurkân, the Persianized form of the Mongolian kürägän, 'son-in-law,' a title Temür assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.

[6] In which Sher Shah Suri the Pashtun soldier and his successors briefly took over the government

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