Women's Literacy in Early Modern Spain and the New World, 2016
... 193 Caro's literary production and her recognition by other writers defy Stephanie M... more ... 193 Caro's literary production and her recognition by other writers defy Stephanie Merrim's theory ... de Portugal, except that the BNE version also includes Hurtado de Mendoza's insertions. ... which I wrote in Seville, and which your Excellency read.” 28 Sharon Voros comments ...
This essay investigates the spiritual mentorship of Doña Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537) by Juan de Á... more This essay investigates the spiritual mentorship of Doña Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537) by Juan de Ávila (1499-1569). The relationship shaped Carrillo’s self-reliance and Ávila’s identity as educator, writer, and counselor. I uncover unexamined ways that, with Ávila’s help, Carrillo plotted a path of increasing spiritual autonomy by applying the lessons that he taught her: learning to control her visions, quell her desires, counsel others, and harness her senses to achieve heightened spirituality. Contrary to conventional accounts that briefly note Ávila’s tutelage of Carrillo, this essay argues that the relationship profoundly affected Ávila when he emerged as a leader of Christian life in Andalusia, during an important transitional age for the region after the Reconquest and before the Counter Reformation. I will demonstrate how Ávila’s schools and apostolate bear the imprint of Carrillo because he developed pedagogies with her that he later applied broadly. This essay also sheds light on the possibilities and representations of women’s religious practices in early sixteenth-century Andalusia, both of which changed after Trent’s directives and affected treatment of Carrillo’s story. First I lay out information about Ávila and the spiritual program that he developed for Carrillo. Then, I analyze evidence that shows how this curriculum fostered autonomy for Carrillo, allowing her to advise others in accordance with Ávila’s way. This essay builds from secondary observations of Carrillo’s practices and intellect to primary evidence from her letter and visions, revealing the bidirectional nature of the influence between guide and mentee and its effects on the greater community.
Keywords:
Juan de Ávila (1499-1569) Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537) Andalusia Ascetic Spirituality Audi, filia Community Healer Conversion Écija, Spain Female Apostolate Hagiography Holy Laywomen Imaginative Theology Martyrdom Mental Prayer Mentoring Recluse Self-Torture Sixteenth Century Spiritual Guide Visions
In this essay, I study seventeenth-century Spanish literary academies as socio-cultural spaces of... more In this essay, I study seventeenth-century Spanish literary academies as socio-cultural spaces of alternative and collaborative learning. I focus specifically on Ana Caro, considered Spain’s first professional woman writer, because of her ties to Seville and Madrid, cities in which academies flourished. I review fictional and non-fictional accounts of academies that cite Ana Caro: Luis Vélez de Guevara’s satirical novel El diablo cojuelo and the manuscript of Alonso Batres’s vejamen. Scholars of Ana Caro have overlooked this last source, which provides us with a fascinating glimpse into the reception of a woman in the competitive arena of Madrid’s academies.
Abstract: This essay examines Luis Vélez de Guevara’s El diablo cojuelo through the lens of a sce... more Abstract: This essay examines Luis Vélez de Guevara’s El diablo cojuelo through the lens of a scene that other scholars have neglected, in which the title character jumps into a writer’s yawning mouth and is regurgitated. I extend previous approaches to the novel that focus on satire and perspectivism to theorize that Cojuelo’s body and language exemplify and enact anamorphosis, the hidden perspective. This representational tool challenges readers to readjust their spatial, sensory, and cognitive engagement with the text and, by extension, the extra-fictional world. Applying this procedure, Vélez also draws on and reorients baroque Spain’s obsession with scrutiny, including experiences familiar to him such as converso heritage, court patronage, and literary academies. Using theories of vision, perspective, and demonic influence contemporary to Vélez, as well as Federico García Lorca’s “Juego y teoría del duende”, I posit a connection between Cojuelo and duende to investigate the role of supernatural inspiration in the creative process. Through anamorphosis, the text creates an image of Spain that is fragmented socially (in the civitas) and spatially, and the writer’s ingestion and expulsion of Cojuelo is an enactment of Lorca’s duende, in liberating the creative force as it purges the demons haunting Vélez and the nation.
"Resumen:
Este ensayo examina la novela Rinconete y Cortadillo de Cervantes para ilustrar que... more "Resumen:
Este ensayo examina la novela Rinconete y Cortadillo de Cervantes para ilustrar que las prácticas comunicativas populares y de la élite en el texto resisten nuestras expectativas, revelando su coexistencia en unas relaciones no jerárquicas que superan los límites del texto. Mi acercamiento se inspira en el trabajo de los estudiosos de la cultura áurea como Fernando Bouza y Roger Chartier. Defino las prácticas comunicativas de la novela en un sentido amplio: la oralidad, la escritura, la elocuencia, los naipes, los textos impresos y manuscritos y finalmente la convergencia de los géneros de la picaresca y la novela corta. Con respecto al texto como objeto, examino el libro de memorias de Monipodio y la novela manuscrita (Rinconete y Cortadillo) en Don Quijote y en la recopilación de Porras. Propongo que la localización en Sevilla crea una matriz creíble en que coinciden la criminalidad y el alfabetismo. Asimismo, Cervantes presenta el crimen como una inscripción en la red urbana y este modo de escritura produce una autoría alternativa. Mi estudio revela la manera en que en este mundo ficticio Cervantes explora la relevancia duradera de estas prácticas comunicativas entre sí y reta nuestras definiciones de la alfabetización y la elocuencia.
Summary:
The topic of this essay is how Rinconete y Cortadillo represents Cervantes's contemplation of the relation between high culture (represented by eloquent speech and textual savvy) and popular culture (malapropisms and alternative modes of inscription). I believe that Cervantes is not so much opposing them, however, as illustrating their interpenetration. For this reason, I examine diverse methods or tools of communication: orality, eloquence, inkwells, the diffusion of printed texts, and the convergence of the novella and picaresque genres. With respect to the text as object, I consider Monipodio's libro de memorias and Rinconete y Cortadillo as a manuscript within Don Quijote and as part of the Porras manuscript. I propose that Cervantes presents crime as an inscription onto the social fabric and that this manner of writing produces an alternative authorship. My analysis questions the privileging of elite discourse that the novella sometimes inspires. While other scholars have noted Rinconete y Cortadillo’s appearance in Don Quijote and the role of language and the picaresque in it, my contribution reveals how Cervantes fashioned this literary world as a way to explore the continued relevance of these communicative practices to each other and to challenge our definitions of literacy and eloquence."
This dissertation examines the structural and symbolic role of the city in novela corta collecti... more This dissertation examines the structural and symbolic role of the city in novela corta collections of seventeenth-century Spain. Although scholars have recognized the urban nature of this genre, they limit their analyses to particular cities or authors, or cite these texts as evidence of the urban reality of the period. My project, in contrast, approaches the literary city in this genre as its most prominent literary device and the chief space through which to comprehend the effects on the shared imaginary of events such as the decline of the Spanish Empire. I argue that the authors assemble many tales and lives into a collection in an effort to organize and make sense out of new urban contexts, while individual novelas generate written cities through a combination of human and architectural components: civitas and urbs. My first two chapters contextualize the genre within the intellectual climate of the period and its European forerunners. Chapters Three and Four examine the anonymous Casos notables de la ciudad de Córdoba, Cervantes's Novelas ejemplares , and Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses's Historias peregrinas y ejemplares. My investigation shows that the individual stories of these early collections articulate the disorder of urban life and often use the civitas, the human identity of the city, to fabricate a coherent voice to speak for their literary communities by the end of the tales. Chapter Five examines the Spanish Court in Antonio de Liñán y Verdugo's Guía y avisos de forasteros and Luis Vélez de Guevara's El diablo cojuelo. I find that these texts engage in a baroque reconfiguration of urban literary space, in contrast with the early collections, in order to more accurately reflect the fractured civitas. I illustrate that these seventeenth-century authors make urban life intelligible to different audiences by incorporating it into the structure of the novela collection, and they succeed in opening space for future writers to use the city to explore issues of gender, race, class, and the psychology of their characters.
By examining the pictorial episodes in the Spanish baroque novella, this book elucidates how writ... more By examining the pictorial episodes in the Spanish baroque novella, this book elucidates how writers create pictorial texts, how audiences visualize their words, what consequences they exert on cognition, and what actions this process inspires. To interrogate characters’ mental activity, internalization of text, and the effects on memory, this book applies methodologies from cognitive cultural studies, Classical memory treatises, and techniques of spiritual visualization. It breaks new ground by investigating how artistic genres and material culture help us grasp the audience’s aural, material, visual, and textual literacies, which equipped the public with cognitive mechanisms to face restrictions in post-Counter-Reformation Spain. The writers examined include prominent representatives of Spanish prose —Cervantes, Lope de Vega, María de Zayas and Luis Vélez de Guevara— as well as Alonso de Castillo Solórzano, Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, and an anonymous group in Córdoba.
Women's Literacy in Early Modern Spain and the New World, 2016
... 193 Caro's literary production and her recognition by other writers defy Stephanie M... more ... 193 Caro's literary production and her recognition by other writers defy Stephanie Merrim's theory ... de Portugal, except that the BNE version also includes Hurtado de Mendoza's insertions. ... which I wrote in Seville, and which your Excellency read.” 28 Sharon Voros comments ...
This essay investigates the spiritual mentorship of Doña Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537) by Juan de Á... more This essay investigates the spiritual mentorship of Doña Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537) by Juan de Ávila (1499-1569). The relationship shaped Carrillo’s self-reliance and Ávila’s identity as educator, writer, and counselor. I uncover unexamined ways that, with Ávila’s help, Carrillo plotted a path of increasing spiritual autonomy by applying the lessons that he taught her: learning to control her visions, quell her desires, counsel others, and harness her senses to achieve heightened spirituality. Contrary to conventional accounts that briefly note Ávila’s tutelage of Carrillo, this essay argues that the relationship profoundly affected Ávila when he emerged as a leader of Christian life in Andalusia, during an important transitional age for the region after the Reconquest and before the Counter Reformation. I will demonstrate how Ávila’s schools and apostolate bear the imprint of Carrillo because he developed pedagogies with her that he later applied broadly. This essay also sheds light on the possibilities and representations of women’s religious practices in early sixteenth-century Andalusia, both of which changed after Trent’s directives and affected treatment of Carrillo’s story. First I lay out information about Ávila and the spiritual program that he developed for Carrillo. Then, I analyze evidence that shows how this curriculum fostered autonomy for Carrillo, allowing her to advise others in accordance with Ávila’s way. This essay builds from secondary observations of Carrillo’s practices and intellect to primary evidence from her letter and visions, revealing the bidirectional nature of the influence between guide and mentee and its effects on the greater community.
Keywords:
Juan de Ávila (1499-1569) Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537) Andalusia Ascetic Spirituality Audi, filia Community Healer Conversion Écija, Spain Female Apostolate Hagiography Holy Laywomen Imaginative Theology Martyrdom Mental Prayer Mentoring Recluse Self-Torture Sixteenth Century Spiritual Guide Visions
In this essay, I study seventeenth-century Spanish literary academies as socio-cultural spaces of... more In this essay, I study seventeenth-century Spanish literary academies as socio-cultural spaces of alternative and collaborative learning. I focus specifically on Ana Caro, considered Spain’s first professional woman writer, because of her ties to Seville and Madrid, cities in which academies flourished. I review fictional and non-fictional accounts of academies that cite Ana Caro: Luis Vélez de Guevara’s satirical novel El diablo cojuelo and the manuscript of Alonso Batres’s vejamen. Scholars of Ana Caro have overlooked this last source, which provides us with a fascinating glimpse into the reception of a woman in the competitive arena of Madrid’s academies.
Abstract: This essay examines Luis Vélez de Guevara’s El diablo cojuelo through the lens of a sce... more Abstract: This essay examines Luis Vélez de Guevara’s El diablo cojuelo through the lens of a scene that other scholars have neglected, in which the title character jumps into a writer’s yawning mouth and is regurgitated. I extend previous approaches to the novel that focus on satire and perspectivism to theorize that Cojuelo’s body and language exemplify and enact anamorphosis, the hidden perspective. This representational tool challenges readers to readjust their spatial, sensory, and cognitive engagement with the text and, by extension, the extra-fictional world. Applying this procedure, Vélez also draws on and reorients baroque Spain’s obsession with scrutiny, including experiences familiar to him such as converso heritage, court patronage, and literary academies. Using theories of vision, perspective, and demonic influence contemporary to Vélez, as well as Federico García Lorca’s “Juego y teoría del duende”, I posit a connection between Cojuelo and duende to investigate the role of supernatural inspiration in the creative process. Through anamorphosis, the text creates an image of Spain that is fragmented socially (in the civitas) and spatially, and the writer’s ingestion and expulsion of Cojuelo is an enactment of Lorca’s duende, in liberating the creative force as it purges the demons haunting Vélez and the nation.
"Resumen:
Este ensayo examina la novela Rinconete y Cortadillo de Cervantes para ilustrar que... more "Resumen:
Este ensayo examina la novela Rinconete y Cortadillo de Cervantes para ilustrar que las prácticas comunicativas populares y de la élite en el texto resisten nuestras expectativas, revelando su coexistencia en unas relaciones no jerárquicas que superan los límites del texto. Mi acercamiento se inspira en el trabajo de los estudiosos de la cultura áurea como Fernando Bouza y Roger Chartier. Defino las prácticas comunicativas de la novela en un sentido amplio: la oralidad, la escritura, la elocuencia, los naipes, los textos impresos y manuscritos y finalmente la convergencia de los géneros de la picaresca y la novela corta. Con respecto al texto como objeto, examino el libro de memorias de Monipodio y la novela manuscrita (Rinconete y Cortadillo) en Don Quijote y en la recopilación de Porras. Propongo que la localización en Sevilla crea una matriz creíble en que coinciden la criminalidad y el alfabetismo. Asimismo, Cervantes presenta el crimen como una inscripción en la red urbana y este modo de escritura produce una autoría alternativa. Mi estudio revela la manera en que en este mundo ficticio Cervantes explora la relevancia duradera de estas prácticas comunicativas entre sí y reta nuestras definiciones de la alfabetización y la elocuencia.
Summary:
The topic of this essay is how Rinconete y Cortadillo represents Cervantes's contemplation of the relation between high culture (represented by eloquent speech and textual savvy) and popular culture (malapropisms and alternative modes of inscription). I believe that Cervantes is not so much opposing them, however, as illustrating their interpenetration. For this reason, I examine diverse methods or tools of communication: orality, eloquence, inkwells, the diffusion of printed texts, and the convergence of the novella and picaresque genres. With respect to the text as object, I consider Monipodio's libro de memorias and Rinconete y Cortadillo as a manuscript within Don Quijote and as part of the Porras manuscript. I propose that Cervantes presents crime as an inscription onto the social fabric and that this manner of writing produces an alternative authorship. My analysis questions the privileging of elite discourse that the novella sometimes inspires. While other scholars have noted Rinconete y Cortadillo’s appearance in Don Quijote and the role of language and the picaresque in it, my contribution reveals how Cervantes fashioned this literary world as a way to explore the continued relevance of these communicative practices to each other and to challenge our definitions of literacy and eloquence."
This dissertation examines the structural and symbolic role of the city in novela corta collecti... more This dissertation examines the structural and symbolic role of the city in novela corta collections of seventeenth-century Spain. Although scholars have recognized the urban nature of this genre, they limit their analyses to particular cities or authors, or cite these texts as evidence of the urban reality of the period. My project, in contrast, approaches the literary city in this genre as its most prominent literary device and the chief space through which to comprehend the effects on the shared imaginary of events such as the decline of the Spanish Empire. I argue that the authors assemble many tales and lives into a collection in an effort to organize and make sense out of new urban contexts, while individual novelas generate written cities through a combination of human and architectural components: civitas and urbs. My first two chapters contextualize the genre within the intellectual climate of the period and its European forerunners. Chapters Three and Four examine the anonymous Casos notables de la ciudad de Córdoba, Cervantes's Novelas ejemplares , and Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses's Historias peregrinas y ejemplares. My investigation shows that the individual stories of these early collections articulate the disorder of urban life and often use the civitas, the human identity of the city, to fabricate a coherent voice to speak for their literary communities by the end of the tales. Chapter Five examines the Spanish Court in Antonio de Liñán y Verdugo's Guía y avisos de forasteros and Luis Vélez de Guevara's El diablo cojuelo. I find that these texts engage in a baroque reconfiguration of urban literary space, in contrast with the early collections, in order to more accurately reflect the fractured civitas. I illustrate that these seventeenth-century authors make urban life intelligible to different audiences by incorporating it into the structure of the novela collection, and they succeed in opening space for future writers to use the city to explore issues of gender, race, class, and the psychology of their characters.
By examining the pictorial episodes in the Spanish baroque novella, this book elucidates how writ... more By examining the pictorial episodes in the Spanish baroque novella, this book elucidates how writers create pictorial texts, how audiences visualize their words, what consequences they exert on cognition, and what actions this process inspires. To interrogate characters’ mental activity, internalization of text, and the effects on memory, this book applies methodologies from cognitive cultural studies, Classical memory treatises, and techniques of spiritual visualization. It breaks new ground by investigating how artistic genres and material culture help us grasp the audience’s aural, material, visual, and textual literacies, which equipped the public with cognitive mechanisms to face restrictions in post-Counter-Reformation Spain. The writers examined include prominent representatives of Spanish prose —Cervantes, Lope de Vega, María de Zayas and Luis Vélez de Guevara— as well as Alonso de Castillo Solórzano, Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, and an anonymous group in Córdoba.
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Papers by Alicia Zuese
Keywords:
Juan de Ávila (1499-1569)
Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537)
Andalusia
Ascetic Spirituality
Audi, filia
Community Healer
Conversion
Écija, Spain
Female Apostolate
Hagiography
Holy Laywomen
Imaginative Theology
Martyrdom
Mental Prayer
Mentoring
Recluse
Self-Torture
Sixteenth Century
Spiritual Guide
Visions
Este ensayo examina la novela Rinconete y Cortadillo de Cervantes para ilustrar que las prácticas comunicativas populares y de la élite en el texto resisten nuestras expectativas, revelando su coexistencia en unas relaciones no jerárquicas que superan los límites del texto. Mi acercamiento se inspira en el trabajo de los estudiosos de la cultura áurea como Fernando Bouza y Roger Chartier. Defino las prácticas comunicativas de la novela en un sentido amplio: la oralidad, la escritura, la elocuencia, los naipes, los textos impresos y manuscritos y finalmente la convergencia de los géneros de la picaresca y la novela corta. Con respecto al texto como objeto, examino el libro de memorias de Monipodio y la novela manuscrita (Rinconete y Cortadillo) en Don Quijote y en la recopilación de Porras. Propongo que la localización en Sevilla crea una matriz creíble en que coinciden la criminalidad y el alfabetismo. Asimismo, Cervantes presenta el crimen como una inscripción en la red urbana y este modo de escritura produce una autoría alternativa. Mi estudio revela la manera en que en este mundo ficticio Cervantes explora la relevancia duradera de estas prácticas comunicativas entre sí y reta nuestras definiciones de la alfabetización y la elocuencia.
Summary:
The topic of this essay is how Rinconete y Cortadillo represents Cervantes's contemplation of the relation between high culture (represented by eloquent speech and textual savvy) and popular culture (malapropisms and alternative modes of inscription). I believe that Cervantes is not so much opposing them, however, as illustrating their interpenetration. For this reason, I examine diverse methods or tools of communication: orality, eloquence, inkwells, the diffusion of printed texts, and the convergence of the novella and picaresque genres. With respect to the text as object, I consider Monipodio's libro de memorias and Rinconete y Cortadillo as a manuscript within Don Quijote and as part of the Porras manuscript. I propose that Cervantes presents crime as an inscription onto the social fabric and that this manner of writing produces an alternative authorship. My analysis questions the privileging of elite discourse that the novella sometimes inspires. While other scholars have noted Rinconete y Cortadillo’s appearance in Don Quijote and the role of language and the picaresque in it, my contribution reveals how Cervantes fashioned this literary world as a way to explore the continued relevance of these communicative practices to each other and to challenge our definitions of literacy and eloquence."
Books by Alicia Zuese
Keywords:
Juan de Ávila (1499-1569)
Sancha Carrillo (1513-1537)
Andalusia
Ascetic Spirituality
Audi, filia
Community Healer
Conversion
Écija, Spain
Female Apostolate
Hagiography
Holy Laywomen
Imaginative Theology
Martyrdom
Mental Prayer
Mentoring
Recluse
Self-Torture
Sixteenth Century
Spiritual Guide
Visions
Este ensayo examina la novela Rinconete y Cortadillo de Cervantes para ilustrar que las prácticas comunicativas populares y de la élite en el texto resisten nuestras expectativas, revelando su coexistencia en unas relaciones no jerárquicas que superan los límites del texto. Mi acercamiento se inspira en el trabajo de los estudiosos de la cultura áurea como Fernando Bouza y Roger Chartier. Defino las prácticas comunicativas de la novela en un sentido amplio: la oralidad, la escritura, la elocuencia, los naipes, los textos impresos y manuscritos y finalmente la convergencia de los géneros de la picaresca y la novela corta. Con respecto al texto como objeto, examino el libro de memorias de Monipodio y la novela manuscrita (Rinconete y Cortadillo) en Don Quijote y en la recopilación de Porras. Propongo que la localización en Sevilla crea una matriz creíble en que coinciden la criminalidad y el alfabetismo. Asimismo, Cervantes presenta el crimen como una inscripción en la red urbana y este modo de escritura produce una autoría alternativa. Mi estudio revela la manera en que en este mundo ficticio Cervantes explora la relevancia duradera de estas prácticas comunicativas entre sí y reta nuestras definiciones de la alfabetización y la elocuencia.
Summary:
The topic of this essay is how Rinconete y Cortadillo represents Cervantes's contemplation of the relation between high culture (represented by eloquent speech and textual savvy) and popular culture (malapropisms and alternative modes of inscription). I believe that Cervantes is not so much opposing them, however, as illustrating their interpenetration. For this reason, I examine diverse methods or tools of communication: orality, eloquence, inkwells, the diffusion of printed texts, and the convergence of the novella and picaresque genres. With respect to the text as object, I consider Monipodio's libro de memorias and Rinconete y Cortadillo as a manuscript within Don Quijote and as part of the Porras manuscript. I propose that Cervantes presents crime as an inscription onto the social fabric and that this manner of writing produces an alternative authorship. My analysis questions the privileging of elite discourse that the novella sometimes inspires. While other scholars have noted Rinconete y Cortadillo’s appearance in Don Quijote and the role of language and the picaresque in it, my contribution reveals how Cervantes fashioned this literary world as a way to explore the continued relevance of these communicative practices to each other and to challenge our definitions of literacy and eloquence."