My research: Oceanographer, biogeochemist, nutrient (N,P) cycling, pigments HPLC chemotaxonomy, ocean carbon cycling, trace metal speciationI have directed Plymouth Marine Laboratory, IAEA-Marine Environment laboratory (Monaco), and the Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche-sur Mer (France). I remain research aware and review
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences, 1988
The crystallography and morphology of the celestite (SrSO 4 ) skeleton of the acantharian species... more The crystallography and morphology of the celestite (SrSO 4 ) skeleton of the acantharian species Phyllostaurus siculus have been studied by electron microscopy, electron diffraction and optical microscopy. The skeleton is composed of 20 spicules, radiating from a central point, which are shown to be divided into three groups according to their morphology. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has confirmed the single-crystal nature of each spicule. The spicules connect via lateral wing structures, the crystallographic orientations of which have been determined. The precise arrangement of the spicules has been established and is described in terms of the lateral wing attachments at the cell centre. The effects of crystallographical constraints, efficiency of spicule packing and biological control on spicule arrangement are discussed.
Gram quantities of reference fulvic acid (FA) have been extracted from natural waters for a syste... more Gram quantities of reference fulvic acid (FA) have been extracted from natural waters for a systematic physico-chemical investigation of proton and metal binding properties. Electrophoretic and gel filtration chromatographic studies of FA indicate that during the course of an acid-base titration, marked conformational changes occurred with the molecular radius increasing from 0.65 nm (6.5A) at pH 1.15 to 1.32 nm (13.2 A) at pH 9.26. These conformational charges arise from intra-molecular electrostatic replusive forces associated with the build up of charge (Z) on the flexible FA polyanion. This in turn has a marked effect on the acid association constant (k). For this reason, the broad poly-disperse titration curves which are characteristic of FA could not be adequately explained by simple acid-base models which assume single values of k. However, by incorporating both electrostatic and conformational terms into an expanded Tanford model, we obtained a good fit to the titration data. The value of the intrinsic association constant ki (when Z = 0) derived from this model was rather acidic (log ki = 2.3−2.7) suggesting that the FA is strongly electron withdrawing. However, the combined effects of electrostatic and conformational changes is to spread the apparent constants over a wide range with the greatest number of sites having apparent log k = 4−5.
Australian scientist Shirley Jeffrey was a pioneer in oceanographic research, identifying the the... more Australian scientist Shirley Jeffrey was a pioneer in oceanographic research, identifying the thentheoretical chlorophyll c, and was a worldwide leader in the application of pigment methods in quantifying phytoplankton as the foundation of the oceanic food supply. Her research paved the way for the successful application of microalgae in aquaculture around the world. Jeffrey earned bachelor's and master's degrees at University of Sydney, majoring in microbiology and biochemistry, followed by a PhD from the King's College London Hospital Medical School. Returning to Sydney, she was hired by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to research chlorophyll c. Following this successful effort, she became a research fellow at the University of California, Berkeley from 1962 to 1964. She then became affiliated with the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. After a 1973 sabbatical at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, she r...
Flow injection gas diffusion-ion chromatography (FIGD-IC), is a new hyphenated technique for the ... more Flow injection gas diffusion-ion chromatography (FIGD-IC), is a new hyphenated technique for the simultaneous analysis of nanomolar levels of ammonia (NH3) and methylamines (MAs) in 12.0) needed to deprotonate > 95% of the amines to their uncharged volatile forms. In addition the reagent chelates Mg2+ and Ca2+ to prevent their precipitation as Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. The amines diffuse selectively across
Pigment distribution patterns were investigated in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Se... more Pigment distribution patterns were investigated in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea and across the Drake Passage during the austral spring of November/December 1992. Elevated chlorophyll a (chl a) and fucoxanthin levels were observed at the Sub-Antarctic and Polar Fronts in the Drake Passage and at the Southern Polar Front in the Bellingshausen Sea. Investigations at 5 stations
ABSTRACT Approximately 900 seawater samples were collected in the subtropical gyres in the South ... more ABSTRACT Approximately 900 seawater samples were collected in the subtropical gyres in the South Pacific, the South Atlantic and the South Indian Ocean in 2003–2004 during the BEAGLE2003 cruise. Preliminary results show that 137Cs and 239,240Pu concentrations in surface waters were comparable with those in the subtropical gyres in the North Pacific. The 137Cs profile shows a smaller effect of subduction on water mass transport. The estimated 137Cs inventory of 800 Bq m−2 is about a half of the inventory in the North Pacific at the same latitude. The 239,240Pu concentration at sub-surface maximum is one order of magnitude lower than that observed in the North Pacific, which is a remarkable difference when compared with 137Cs profiles. Measured 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios are 0.20–0.24, statistically not different from the global fallout ratio. The SHOTS collaboration will produce a comprehensive dataset on anthropogenic radionuclides in the Southern Ocean. The obtained results will contribute to better understanding of processes in the water column using radionuclides as tracers, and they will improve our knowledge of circulation processes in the ocean, important for better understanding of climate change.
A batch isotherm method is shown to be applicable to the determination of sorption equilibrium fo... more A batch isotherm method is shown to be applicable to the determination of sorption equilibrium for the lipophilic pyrethroid insecticides between solution and sorbents. Adsorption of pyrethroids to glasswalls was significant and cannot be neglected. Sorption of lambdacyhalothrin on organically-coated montmorillonite was linear and much greater than on “pure” clay particles, consistent with a partition mechanism. The sorptive capacity of
... 25 WL. Miller and DR Kester, Anal. ... 49 W Stumm and JJ Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, Wiley, Ne... more ... 25 WL. Miller and DR Kester, Anal. ... 49 W Stumm and JJ Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 2nd edn., 1981. ... 10, 1992 David Price is a NERC funded research student in the same department carrying out research on the application of flow injection techniques with ...
Particle–water interactions are one of the most important mechanisms controlling the distribution... more Particle–water interactions are one of the most important mechanisms controlling the distribution and movement of hydrophobic organic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments (e.g. estuaries and oceans). To accurately predict the transport and fates of hydrophobic contaminants in estuarine and coastal marine environments, the partition coefficient (Kp) and organic carbon normalised partition coefficient (Koc) are widely
... PRODUCTS OF CHLOROPHYLL IDENTIFICATION CAROLE A. LLEWELLYN~,~*, R. FAUZI C. MANTOURA~ and RIC... more ... PRODUCTS OF CHLOROPHYLL IDENTIFICATION CAROLE A. LLEWELLYN~,~*, R. FAUZI C. MANTOURA~ and RICHARD G. BRERETON' School of Chemistry, The University of Bristol. ... CH, R-0-Si 'CH, " I CHO(CH,i3St 218 m-SilCH3J30H 263 m-ICH,), 293 m-15 ...
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences, 1988
The crystallography and morphology of the celestite (SrSO 4 ) skeleton of the acantharian species... more The crystallography and morphology of the celestite (SrSO 4 ) skeleton of the acantharian species Phyllostaurus siculus have been studied by electron microscopy, electron diffraction and optical microscopy. The skeleton is composed of 20 spicules, radiating from a central point, which are shown to be divided into three groups according to their morphology. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has confirmed the single-crystal nature of each spicule. The spicules connect via lateral wing structures, the crystallographic orientations of which have been determined. The precise arrangement of the spicules has been established and is described in terms of the lateral wing attachments at the cell centre. The effects of crystallographical constraints, efficiency of spicule packing and biological control on spicule arrangement are discussed.
Gram quantities of reference fulvic acid (FA) have been extracted from natural waters for a syste... more Gram quantities of reference fulvic acid (FA) have been extracted from natural waters for a systematic physico-chemical investigation of proton and metal binding properties. Electrophoretic and gel filtration chromatographic studies of FA indicate that during the course of an acid-base titration, marked conformational changes occurred with the molecular radius increasing from 0.65 nm (6.5A) at pH 1.15 to 1.32 nm (13.2 A) at pH 9.26. These conformational charges arise from intra-molecular electrostatic replusive forces associated with the build up of charge (Z) on the flexible FA polyanion. This in turn has a marked effect on the acid association constant (k). For this reason, the broad poly-disperse titration curves which are characteristic of FA could not be adequately explained by simple acid-base models which assume single values of k. However, by incorporating both electrostatic and conformational terms into an expanded Tanford model, we obtained a good fit to the titration data. The value of the intrinsic association constant ki (when Z = 0) derived from this model was rather acidic (log ki = 2.3−2.7) suggesting that the FA is strongly electron withdrawing. However, the combined effects of electrostatic and conformational changes is to spread the apparent constants over a wide range with the greatest number of sites having apparent log k = 4−5.
Australian scientist Shirley Jeffrey was a pioneer in oceanographic research, identifying the the... more Australian scientist Shirley Jeffrey was a pioneer in oceanographic research, identifying the thentheoretical chlorophyll c, and was a worldwide leader in the application of pigment methods in quantifying phytoplankton as the foundation of the oceanic food supply. Her research paved the way for the successful application of microalgae in aquaculture around the world. Jeffrey earned bachelor's and master's degrees at University of Sydney, majoring in microbiology and biochemistry, followed by a PhD from the King's College London Hospital Medical School. Returning to Sydney, she was hired by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to research chlorophyll c. Following this successful effort, she became a research fellow at the University of California, Berkeley from 1962 to 1964. She then became affiliated with the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. After a 1973 sabbatical at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, she r...
Flow injection gas diffusion-ion chromatography (FIGD-IC), is a new hyphenated technique for the ... more Flow injection gas diffusion-ion chromatography (FIGD-IC), is a new hyphenated technique for the simultaneous analysis of nanomolar levels of ammonia (NH3) and methylamines (MAs) in 12.0) needed to deprotonate > 95% of the amines to their uncharged volatile forms. In addition the reagent chelates Mg2+ and Ca2+ to prevent their precipitation as Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. The amines diffuse selectively across
Pigment distribution patterns were investigated in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Se... more Pigment distribution patterns were investigated in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea and across the Drake Passage during the austral spring of November/December 1992. Elevated chlorophyll a (chl a) and fucoxanthin levels were observed at the Sub-Antarctic and Polar Fronts in the Drake Passage and at the Southern Polar Front in the Bellingshausen Sea. Investigations at 5 stations
ABSTRACT Approximately 900 seawater samples were collected in the subtropical gyres in the South ... more ABSTRACT Approximately 900 seawater samples were collected in the subtropical gyres in the South Pacific, the South Atlantic and the South Indian Ocean in 2003–2004 during the BEAGLE2003 cruise. Preliminary results show that 137Cs and 239,240Pu concentrations in surface waters were comparable with those in the subtropical gyres in the North Pacific. The 137Cs profile shows a smaller effect of subduction on water mass transport. The estimated 137Cs inventory of 800 Bq m−2 is about a half of the inventory in the North Pacific at the same latitude. The 239,240Pu concentration at sub-surface maximum is one order of magnitude lower than that observed in the North Pacific, which is a remarkable difference when compared with 137Cs profiles. Measured 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios are 0.20–0.24, statistically not different from the global fallout ratio. The SHOTS collaboration will produce a comprehensive dataset on anthropogenic radionuclides in the Southern Ocean. The obtained results will contribute to better understanding of processes in the water column using radionuclides as tracers, and they will improve our knowledge of circulation processes in the ocean, important for better understanding of climate change.
A batch isotherm method is shown to be applicable to the determination of sorption equilibrium fo... more A batch isotherm method is shown to be applicable to the determination of sorption equilibrium for the lipophilic pyrethroid insecticides between solution and sorbents. Adsorption of pyrethroids to glasswalls was significant and cannot be neglected. Sorption of lambdacyhalothrin on organically-coated montmorillonite was linear and much greater than on “pure” clay particles, consistent with a partition mechanism. The sorptive capacity of
... 25 WL. Miller and DR Kester, Anal. ... 49 W Stumm and JJ Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, Wiley, Ne... more ... 25 WL. Miller and DR Kester, Anal. ... 49 W Stumm and JJ Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 2nd edn., 1981. ... 10, 1992 David Price is a NERC funded research student in the same department carrying out research on the application of flow injection techniques with ...
Particle–water interactions are one of the most important mechanisms controlling the distribution... more Particle–water interactions are one of the most important mechanisms controlling the distribution and movement of hydrophobic organic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments (e.g. estuaries and oceans). To accurately predict the transport and fates of hydrophobic contaminants in estuarine and coastal marine environments, the partition coefficient (Kp) and organic carbon normalised partition coefficient (Koc) are widely
... PRODUCTS OF CHLOROPHYLL IDENTIFICATION CAROLE A. LLEWELLYN~,~*, R. FAUZI C. MANTOURA~ and RIC... more ... PRODUCTS OF CHLOROPHYLL IDENTIFICATION CAROLE A. LLEWELLYN~,~*, R. FAUZI C. MANTOURA~ and RICHARD G. BRERETON' School of Chemistry, The University of Bristol. ... CH, R-0-Si 'CH, " I CHO(CH,i3St 218 m-SilCH3J30H 263 m-ICH,), 293 m-15 ...
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