In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increa... more In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increasingly important aspects of national strategy, attention to the impact of different economic sectors on climate change is becoming an integral part of scientific research. This article focuses on analyzing the impact of primary and secondary economic sectors development on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions at the sub-national level in Russia from 2005 to 2019. The aim of the study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationships between the dynamics of these sectors and CO 2 emission levels in different regions of the country. Weighted regression and panel data methods were applied to better identify the patterns of the impact. The results show that the size of population and electricity consumption have the highest impact on CO 2 emissions. So that, the expansion of nuclear and gas generation capacity, as well as significant improvement of energy efficiency, are of crucial importance to reduce the emissions. Other sectors have a heterogeneous impact and requires more differential approaches, considering the specifics of regions. Taking into account the significant differences between the Russian constituent entities, this paper emphasizes the low informativeness of assessments at the national level and their inadequacy in terms of improving the efficiency of domestic management, including decarbonization policies.
Heterogeneity of the impact of energy production and consumption on national greenhouse gas emissions, 2024
This research investigates the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy pro... more This research investigates the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy production and consumption patterns in 122 countries over the period from 1990 to 2020. Particular attention is paid to the role of different types of energy, including renewable, hydro and nuclear energy, as well as oil, gas and coal, in shaping GHG emissions. Unlike previous studies, the paper analyzes the full range of energy resources and focuses on different quantiles of data using the quantile-quantile regression (QQR) method. The results of this approach are compared with traditional quantile regression (QR) to assess its validity. Among the findings of this study are: (1) different parts of the energy mix have a heterogeneous impact on GHG emissions in different quantiles; (2) energy consumption patterns play a more significant role in shaping GHG emissions than production patterns; (3) increasing production and consumption of fossil fuels does not necessarily increase GHG emissions; (4) similarly, the development of renewable energy sources is not always accompanied by a reduction in GHG emissions. Our general conclusion is that existing climate policy requires significant diversification to not be focused only on renewable energy, which impact on GHG emissions is not as homogeneous as it usually considered, and which cannot solve the problem of raising emissions solely. Instead of this, it could be more rational to focus on the searching the ways of hydrocarbon industries sustainable development and support them in this journey, especially in the field of Scope 2 and Scope 3 operations management.
Hybrid system of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis and methane partial oxidation, 2023
Hydrogen technology is one of the promising solutions to the problems of decentralization and red... more Hydrogen technology is one of the promising solutions to the problems of decentralization and reducing the carbon intensity of the energy sector. This is true even despite the current technological, economic and political barriers to its large-scale use. This paper proposes a concept of combining two technologies for producing hydrogen - partial oxidation of methane with oxygen and water electrolysis, a byproduct of which is oxygen. The analysis and evaluation of the proposed scheme showed that: 1) the synergy of water electrolysis and methane partial oxidation technologies allows the production of hydrogen with a low carbon footprint; 2) the hybrid system allows optimizing electricity and natural gas consumption using energy demand management technologies; 3) the technology synergy allows using excess thermal energy released during methane partial oxidation to increase the electrolysis temperature and its efficiency; 4) it was found that LCOH of the proposed system is 4.66 USD/kg that meets the average estimates in existing studies. At the same time, breakeven price of the project is 9.658 USD/kg H2, which is too high to be competitive without state support.
Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, re... more Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, research on the changing role of CO2 in the industrial processes, which is connected with the introduction of circular economy principles, is still out of scope. The purpose of this review is to answer the following question: Is technogenic CO2 still an industrial waste or has it become a valuable resource? For this purpose, statistical information from the National Energy Technology Library and the Global CCS Institute databases were reviewed. All sequestration projects (199) were divided into three groups: carbon capture and storage (65); carbon capture, utilization, and storage (100); and carbon capture and utilization (34). It was found that: (1) total annual CO2 consumption of such projects was 50.1 Mtpa in 2018, with a possible increase to 326.7 Mtpa in the coming decade; (2) total amount of CO2 sequestered in such projects could be 2209 Mt in 2028; (3) the risk of such projects bein...
Modern trends in the global energy market linked to the Sustainable Development Goals often lead ... more Modern trends in the global energy market linked to the Sustainable Development Goals often lead to the adoption of political decisions with little basis in fact. Stepping up the development of renewable energy sources is an economically questionable but necessary step in terms of its social and ecological effects. However, subsequent development of hydrogen infrastructure is, at the very least, a dangerous initiative. In connection with mentioned above, an attempt to examine hydrogen by conducting an integral assessment of its characteristics has been made in this article. As a result of the research conducted, the following conclusions concerning the potential of the widespread implementation of hydrogen in the power generation sector have been made: as a chemical element, it harms steel structures, which significantly impedes the selection of suitable materials; its physical and volume characteristics decrease the general efficiency of the energy system compared to similar hydroc...
Gas industry plays an important role in the global energy sector, and in the coming decades amoun... more Gas industry plays an important role in the global energy sector, and in the coming decades amountsof natural gas production will only increase. One of the fastest growing trends in gas industry is the production of liquefiednatural gas (LNG), which is associated with the necessity to organize flexible systems of gas supply to the regions,remote from gas extraction sites. Industrial structure of LNG production includes projects, belonging to several different groups depending to their scale, in particular, small-scale production (SSLNG), cumulative production capacityof which is approximately 10 % from the industry-wide one. Economic aspects of implementing such projects remainunderexplored, which does not allow to draw objective conclusions regarding the prospects of their implementationin particular regions.This paper contains a review of publications, devoted to SSLNG project studies, aimed at identifying specifics oftheir organization compared to projects of greater scale. The r...
Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable develo... more Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen ($14/kg), which is only a bit higher than its production cost ($12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support.
Climate Policy in Energy Sector. Portfolio of technologies, Jan 13, 2021
Global warming is an existential threat to humanity and the rapid energy transition, which is req... more Global warming is an existential threat to humanity and the rapid energy transition, which is required, will be the defining social, political and technical challenge of the 21st century. Practical experience and research results of recent years have showed that our actions to cover the gap between real situation and aims of climate agreements are not enough and that improvements in climate policy are needed, primarily in the energy sector. It is becoming increasingly clear that hydrocarbon resources, which production volume is increasing annually, will remain a significant part of the global fuel balance in the foreseeable future. Taking this into account, the main problem of the current climate policy is a limited portfolio of technologies, focused on replacement of hydrocarbon resources with renewable energy, without proper attention to an alternative ways of decreasing carbon intensity, such as carbon sequestration options. This study shows the need to review the existing climate policy portfolios through reorientation to CO2 utilization and disposal technologies and in terms of forming an appropriate appreciation for the role of hydrocarbon industries as the basis for the development of CO2-based production chains. In this paper we argue that: (1) focusing climate investments on a limited portfolio of energy technologies may become a trap that keeps us from achieving global emissions goals; (2) accounting for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions losses, without taking into account the potential social effects of utilization, is a barrier to diversifying climate strategies; (3) with regard to hydrocarbon industries, a transition from destructive to creative measures aimed at implementing environmental projects is needed; (4) there are no cheap climate solutions, but the present cost of reducing CO2 emissions exceeds any estimate of the social cost of carbon.
Small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (SS LNG) is a promising, but little-known directi... more Small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (SS LNG) is a promising, but little-known direction of the gas industry development, which is aimed at meeting the needs for environmentally friendly decentralized energy supply of nearby regions. In this study, an economic efficiency of four energy generation options, based on SS LNG, with nominal capacities from 0.3 to 3 MW was assessed. Total cost of heat and electricity at different delivery distances was determined. A number of regression models were developed to determine the key technical and economic characteristics of energy plants. The results showed that only 9 out of 85 Russian regions have sufficiently high tariffs for heat and electricity for effective SS LNG energy generation. It was also found that the average cost increase depending of delivery distance is 1.23 %/km for electricity and 2.51 %/km for heat.
Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, re... more Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, research on the changing role of CO2 in the industrial processes, which is connected with the introduction of circular economy principles, is still out of scope. The purpose of this review is to answer the following question: Is technogenic CO2 still an industrial waste or has it become a valuable resource? For this purpose, statistical information from the National Energy Technology Library and the Global CCS Institute databases were reviewed. All sequestration projects (199) were divided into three groups: carbon capture and storage (65); carbon capture, utilization, and storage (100); and carbon capture and utilization (34). It was found that: (1) total annual CO2 consumption of such projects was 50.1 Mtpa in 2018, with a possible increase to 326.7 Mtpa in the coming decade; (2) total amount of CO2 sequestered in such projects could be 2209 Mt in 2028; (3) the risk of such projects being cancelled or postponed is around 31.8%; (4) CO2 is a valuable and sought-after resource for various industries. It was concluded that further development of carbon capture and utilization technologies will invariably lead to a change in attitudes towards CO2 , as well as the appearance of new CO2-based markets and industries.
The paper assesses the techno-economic potential of Russia to implement carbon capture and storag... more The paper assesses the techno-economic potential of Russia to implement carbon capture and storage technologies that imply the capture of anthropogenic CO2 and its injection into geologic reservoirs for long-term storage. The focus is on CO2 enhanced oil recovery projects that seem to be the most economically promising option of carbon capture and storage. The novelty of the work lies in the formulation of a potential assessment method of CO2 enhanced oil recovery, which allows for establishing a connection between energy production and oil extraction from the viewpoint of CO2 supply and demand. Using linear optimization, the most promising combinations of CO2 sources and sinks are identified and an economic evaluation of these projects is carried out. Based on this information, regions of Russia are ranked according to their prospects in regards to CO2 capture and enhanced oil recovery storage. The results indicate that Russia has a significant potential to utilize its power plants as CO2 sources for enhanced oil recovery projects. It has been estimated that 71 coal-fired power plants, and 185 of the gas-fired power plants of Russia annually produce 297.1 and 309.6 Mt of CO2 that can cover 553.4 Mt of the demand of 322 Russian oil fields. At the same time, the total CO2 storage capacity of the Russian fields is estimated at 7382.6 Mt, however, due to geological and technical factors, only 22.6% can be used for CO2-EOR projects. Of the 183 potential projects identified in the regional analysis phase, 99 were found to be cost-effective, with an average unit cost of € 19.07 per ton of CO2 and a payback period of 8.71 years. The most promising of the estimated regions is characterized by a well-developed energy industry, relatively low transportation costs, numerous large and medium-sized oil fields at the final stages of development, and favorable geological conditions that minimize the cost of injection. Geographically, they are located in the North-Western, Volga, and Ural Federal districts.
Nowadays more and more oil and gas fields are developed in unconsolidated sandstones. Sand produc... more Nowadays more and more oil and gas fields are developed in unconsolidated sandstones. Sand production is becoming more common process and complicates the work of downhole equipment and also can lead to higher production prime cost and increase the frequency of repair works. The study of features of oil and gas fields' development in unconsolidated terrigenous reservoirs showed that in rare cases, sand production can have a positive result, but only during the operation of low-permeability reservoir presented by sandstones, and in this case sand production increases the permeability of the pay zone. Sand production in slightly cemented formation is one of the most urgent problems in many regions of Russia. Wear of equipment and its failure are due to the removal of sand and mechanical impurities. Production of the existing well reserves is also greatly reduced. Huge amounts of money are spent annually to repair wells damaged as a result of sand removal, and the average downtime of one well is about 30 days.
One of the fastest growing areas of the gas industry is low-tonnage LNG production, which allows ... more One of the fastest growing areas of the gas industry is low-tonnage LNG production, which allows to improve the efficiency of the gas distribution process due to the flexibility of the supply routes. A small number of articles devoted to this field, indicate that LNG is less attractive than pipeline gas from an economic point of view, however, such estimates do not take into account the flexibility of LNG delivery routes. This article proposes a model for a comparative assessment of the LNG and pipeline gas price. The distinctive feature of the model is the possibility of changing the number of delivery directions, which makes it possible to evaluate the impact of the LNG transportation flexibility. The results show that in contrast to the pipeline gas, the increasing in the number of supply routes with the same total volume of deliveries, does not reflect on the price of LNG. In addition, this causes a decrease in the minimum delivery distance at which LNG automobile transportation can compete with a pipeline.
The purpose of this article is to review the history of the Russian fuel peat industry, analyse t... more The purpose of this article is to review the history of the Russian fuel peat industry, analyse the prospects for its further development, and draw attention to its significant technical and economic potential. Russian peat resources represent more than 30 % of the global total. Peat production peaked during 1960–1980, when the volume of peat extraction was two orders of magnitude higher than it is now. The key factors that prevented further development of the Russian fuel peat industry were an inadequate regulatory framework for peat processing and the inability of peat extraction enterprises to overcome the energy supply monopoly of the coal, oil and gas industries. At present, the peat industry of the Russian Federation is in decline and its potential has been lost. Most of the power plants that previously operated on peat have been converted to coal and other fuels and, as a result, the occurrence of peatland fires has increased greatly. A case is made for revival of the industry to exploit peat as a local energy resource, employing modern processing techniques that can achieve full utilisation of the peat whilst reducing air pollution and generating little waste.
In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increa... more In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increasingly important aspects of national strategy, attention to the impact of different economic sectors on climate change is becoming an integral part of scientific research. This article focuses on analyzing the impact of primary and secondary economic sectors development on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions at the sub-national level in Russia from 2005 to 2019. The aim of the study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationships between the dynamics of these sectors and CO 2 emission levels in different regions of the country. Weighted regression and panel data methods were applied to better identify the patterns of the impact. The results show that the size of population and electricity consumption have the highest impact on CO 2 emissions. So that, the expansion of nuclear and gas generation capacity, as well as significant improvement of energy efficiency, are of crucial importance to reduce the emissions. Other sectors have a heterogeneous impact and requires more differential approaches, considering the specifics of regions. Taking into account the significant differences between the Russian constituent entities, this paper emphasizes the low informativeness of assessments at the national level and their inadequacy in terms of improving the efficiency of domestic management, including decarbonization policies.
Heterogeneity of the impact of energy production and consumption on national greenhouse gas emissions, 2024
This research investigates the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy pro... more This research investigates the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy production and consumption patterns in 122 countries over the period from 1990 to 2020. Particular attention is paid to the role of different types of energy, including renewable, hydro and nuclear energy, as well as oil, gas and coal, in shaping GHG emissions. Unlike previous studies, the paper analyzes the full range of energy resources and focuses on different quantiles of data using the quantile-quantile regression (QQR) method. The results of this approach are compared with traditional quantile regression (QR) to assess its validity. Among the findings of this study are: (1) different parts of the energy mix have a heterogeneous impact on GHG emissions in different quantiles; (2) energy consumption patterns play a more significant role in shaping GHG emissions than production patterns; (3) increasing production and consumption of fossil fuels does not necessarily increase GHG emissions; (4) similarly, the development of renewable energy sources is not always accompanied by a reduction in GHG emissions. Our general conclusion is that existing climate policy requires significant diversification to not be focused only on renewable energy, which impact on GHG emissions is not as homogeneous as it usually considered, and which cannot solve the problem of raising emissions solely. Instead of this, it could be more rational to focus on the searching the ways of hydrocarbon industries sustainable development and support them in this journey, especially in the field of Scope 2 and Scope 3 operations management.
Hybrid system of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis and methane partial oxidation, 2023
Hydrogen technology is one of the promising solutions to the problems of decentralization and red... more Hydrogen technology is one of the promising solutions to the problems of decentralization and reducing the carbon intensity of the energy sector. This is true even despite the current technological, economic and political barriers to its large-scale use. This paper proposes a concept of combining two technologies for producing hydrogen - partial oxidation of methane with oxygen and water electrolysis, a byproduct of which is oxygen. The analysis and evaluation of the proposed scheme showed that: 1) the synergy of water electrolysis and methane partial oxidation technologies allows the production of hydrogen with a low carbon footprint; 2) the hybrid system allows optimizing electricity and natural gas consumption using energy demand management technologies; 3) the technology synergy allows using excess thermal energy released during methane partial oxidation to increase the electrolysis temperature and its efficiency; 4) it was found that LCOH of the proposed system is 4.66 USD/kg that meets the average estimates in existing studies. At the same time, breakeven price of the project is 9.658 USD/kg H2, which is too high to be competitive without state support.
Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, re... more Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, research on the changing role of CO2 in the industrial processes, which is connected with the introduction of circular economy principles, is still out of scope. The purpose of this review is to answer the following question: Is technogenic CO2 still an industrial waste or has it become a valuable resource? For this purpose, statistical information from the National Energy Technology Library and the Global CCS Institute databases were reviewed. All sequestration projects (199) were divided into three groups: carbon capture and storage (65); carbon capture, utilization, and storage (100); and carbon capture and utilization (34). It was found that: (1) total annual CO2 consumption of such projects was 50.1 Mtpa in 2018, with a possible increase to 326.7 Mtpa in the coming decade; (2) total amount of CO2 sequestered in such projects could be 2209 Mt in 2028; (3) the risk of such projects bein...
Modern trends in the global energy market linked to the Sustainable Development Goals often lead ... more Modern trends in the global energy market linked to the Sustainable Development Goals often lead to the adoption of political decisions with little basis in fact. Stepping up the development of renewable energy sources is an economically questionable but necessary step in terms of its social and ecological effects. However, subsequent development of hydrogen infrastructure is, at the very least, a dangerous initiative. In connection with mentioned above, an attempt to examine hydrogen by conducting an integral assessment of its characteristics has been made in this article. As a result of the research conducted, the following conclusions concerning the potential of the widespread implementation of hydrogen in the power generation sector have been made: as a chemical element, it harms steel structures, which significantly impedes the selection of suitable materials; its physical and volume characteristics decrease the general efficiency of the energy system compared to similar hydroc...
Gas industry plays an important role in the global energy sector, and in the coming decades amoun... more Gas industry plays an important role in the global energy sector, and in the coming decades amountsof natural gas production will only increase. One of the fastest growing trends in gas industry is the production of liquefiednatural gas (LNG), which is associated with the necessity to organize flexible systems of gas supply to the regions,remote from gas extraction sites. Industrial structure of LNG production includes projects, belonging to several different groups depending to their scale, in particular, small-scale production (SSLNG), cumulative production capacityof which is approximately 10 % from the industry-wide one. Economic aspects of implementing such projects remainunderexplored, which does not allow to draw objective conclusions regarding the prospects of their implementationin particular regions.This paper contains a review of publications, devoted to SSLNG project studies, aimed at identifying specifics oftheir organization compared to projects of greater scale. The r...
Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable develo... more Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen ($14/kg), which is only a bit higher than its production cost ($12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support.
Climate Policy in Energy Sector. Portfolio of technologies, Jan 13, 2021
Global warming is an existential threat to humanity and the rapid energy transition, which is req... more Global warming is an existential threat to humanity and the rapid energy transition, which is required, will be the defining social, political and technical challenge of the 21st century. Practical experience and research results of recent years have showed that our actions to cover the gap between real situation and aims of climate agreements are not enough and that improvements in climate policy are needed, primarily in the energy sector. It is becoming increasingly clear that hydrocarbon resources, which production volume is increasing annually, will remain a significant part of the global fuel balance in the foreseeable future. Taking this into account, the main problem of the current climate policy is a limited portfolio of technologies, focused on replacement of hydrocarbon resources with renewable energy, without proper attention to an alternative ways of decreasing carbon intensity, such as carbon sequestration options. This study shows the need to review the existing climate policy portfolios through reorientation to CO2 utilization and disposal technologies and in terms of forming an appropriate appreciation for the role of hydrocarbon industries as the basis for the development of CO2-based production chains. In this paper we argue that: (1) focusing climate investments on a limited portfolio of energy technologies may become a trap that keeps us from achieving global emissions goals; (2) accounting for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions losses, without taking into account the potential social effects of utilization, is a barrier to diversifying climate strategies; (3) with regard to hydrocarbon industries, a transition from destructive to creative measures aimed at implementing environmental projects is needed; (4) there are no cheap climate solutions, but the present cost of reducing CO2 emissions exceeds any estimate of the social cost of carbon.
Small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (SS LNG) is a promising, but little-known directi... more Small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (SS LNG) is a promising, but little-known direction of the gas industry development, which is aimed at meeting the needs for environmentally friendly decentralized energy supply of nearby regions. In this study, an economic efficiency of four energy generation options, based on SS LNG, with nominal capacities from 0.3 to 3 MW was assessed. Total cost of heat and electricity at different delivery distances was determined. A number of regression models were developed to determine the key technical and economic characteristics of energy plants. The results showed that only 9 out of 85 Russian regions have sufficiently high tariffs for heat and electricity for effective SS LNG energy generation. It was also found that the average cost increase depending of delivery distance is 1.23 %/km for electricity and 2.51 %/km for heat.
Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, re... more Despite the diversity of studies on global warming and climate change mitigation technologies, research on the changing role of CO2 in the industrial processes, which is connected with the introduction of circular economy principles, is still out of scope. The purpose of this review is to answer the following question: Is technogenic CO2 still an industrial waste or has it become a valuable resource? For this purpose, statistical information from the National Energy Technology Library and the Global CCS Institute databases were reviewed. All sequestration projects (199) were divided into three groups: carbon capture and storage (65); carbon capture, utilization, and storage (100); and carbon capture and utilization (34). It was found that: (1) total annual CO2 consumption of such projects was 50.1 Mtpa in 2018, with a possible increase to 326.7 Mtpa in the coming decade; (2) total amount of CO2 sequestered in such projects could be 2209 Mt in 2028; (3) the risk of such projects being cancelled or postponed is around 31.8%; (4) CO2 is a valuable and sought-after resource for various industries. It was concluded that further development of carbon capture and utilization technologies will invariably lead to a change in attitudes towards CO2 , as well as the appearance of new CO2-based markets and industries.
The paper assesses the techno-economic potential of Russia to implement carbon capture and storag... more The paper assesses the techno-economic potential of Russia to implement carbon capture and storage technologies that imply the capture of anthropogenic CO2 and its injection into geologic reservoirs for long-term storage. The focus is on CO2 enhanced oil recovery projects that seem to be the most economically promising option of carbon capture and storage. The novelty of the work lies in the formulation of a potential assessment method of CO2 enhanced oil recovery, which allows for establishing a connection between energy production and oil extraction from the viewpoint of CO2 supply and demand. Using linear optimization, the most promising combinations of CO2 sources and sinks are identified and an economic evaluation of these projects is carried out. Based on this information, regions of Russia are ranked according to their prospects in regards to CO2 capture and enhanced oil recovery storage. The results indicate that Russia has a significant potential to utilize its power plants as CO2 sources for enhanced oil recovery projects. It has been estimated that 71 coal-fired power plants, and 185 of the gas-fired power plants of Russia annually produce 297.1 and 309.6 Mt of CO2 that can cover 553.4 Mt of the demand of 322 Russian oil fields. At the same time, the total CO2 storage capacity of the Russian fields is estimated at 7382.6 Mt, however, due to geological and technical factors, only 22.6% can be used for CO2-EOR projects. Of the 183 potential projects identified in the regional analysis phase, 99 were found to be cost-effective, with an average unit cost of € 19.07 per ton of CO2 and a payback period of 8.71 years. The most promising of the estimated regions is characterized by a well-developed energy industry, relatively low transportation costs, numerous large and medium-sized oil fields at the final stages of development, and favorable geological conditions that minimize the cost of injection. Geographically, they are located in the North-Western, Volga, and Ural Federal districts.
Nowadays more and more oil and gas fields are developed in unconsolidated sandstones. Sand produc... more Nowadays more and more oil and gas fields are developed in unconsolidated sandstones. Sand production is becoming more common process and complicates the work of downhole equipment and also can lead to higher production prime cost and increase the frequency of repair works. The study of features of oil and gas fields' development in unconsolidated terrigenous reservoirs showed that in rare cases, sand production can have a positive result, but only during the operation of low-permeability reservoir presented by sandstones, and in this case sand production increases the permeability of the pay zone. Sand production in slightly cemented formation is one of the most urgent problems in many regions of Russia. Wear of equipment and its failure are due to the removal of sand and mechanical impurities. Production of the existing well reserves is also greatly reduced. Huge amounts of money are spent annually to repair wells damaged as a result of sand removal, and the average downtime of one well is about 30 days.
One of the fastest growing areas of the gas industry is low-tonnage LNG production, which allows ... more One of the fastest growing areas of the gas industry is low-tonnage LNG production, which allows to improve the efficiency of the gas distribution process due to the flexibility of the supply routes. A small number of articles devoted to this field, indicate that LNG is less attractive than pipeline gas from an economic point of view, however, such estimates do not take into account the flexibility of LNG delivery routes. This article proposes a model for a comparative assessment of the LNG and pipeline gas price. The distinctive feature of the model is the possibility of changing the number of delivery directions, which makes it possible to evaluate the impact of the LNG transportation flexibility. The results show that in contrast to the pipeline gas, the increasing in the number of supply routes with the same total volume of deliveries, does not reflect on the price of LNG. In addition, this causes a decrease in the minimum delivery distance at which LNG automobile transportation can compete with a pipeline.
The purpose of this article is to review the history of the Russian fuel peat industry, analyse t... more The purpose of this article is to review the history of the Russian fuel peat industry, analyse the prospects for its further development, and draw attention to its significant technical and economic potential. Russian peat resources represent more than 30 % of the global total. Peat production peaked during 1960–1980, when the volume of peat extraction was two orders of magnitude higher than it is now. The key factors that prevented further development of the Russian fuel peat industry were an inadequate regulatory framework for peat processing and the inability of peat extraction enterprises to overcome the energy supply monopoly of the coal, oil and gas industries. At present, the peat industry of the Russian Federation is in decline and its potential has been lost. Most of the power plants that previously operated on peat have been converted to coal and other fuels and, as a result, the occurrence of peatland fires has increased greatly. A case is made for revival of the industry to exploit peat as a local energy resource, employing modern processing techniques that can achieve full utilisation of the peat whilst reducing air pollution and generating little waste.
Resource Provision of the Sustainable Development under Global Shocks, 2020
Dear Colleagues, Sustainable development is a central concept for global growth in the foreseeabl... more Dear Colleagues, Sustainable development is a central concept for global growth in the foreseeable future. Such growth, on the one hand, requires the provision of significant resources, including financial, technological, social, and natural resources. On the other hand, it should provide stability of the global economy for various markets as well as for any unforeseen environmental, political, and economic shocks. To face these challenges, we need to strengthen our knowledge of sustainable development modeling for unstable environments. This Special Issue aims to collect original research or review articles on the influence of various shocks on the stability and sustainability of global, national, and sectoral economic growth, including social, political, economic and technological aspects. We are also looking for studies modeling the long-term influence of short-term shocks on the deployment of sustainable development principles, forecasts of natural resources supply and demand, and other issues related to the achievement of sustainable goals in volatile environments.
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methane with oxygen and water electrolysis, a byproduct of which is oxygen. The analysis and evaluation of the proposed scheme showed that: 1) the synergy of water electrolysis and methane partial oxidation technologies allows the production of hydrogen with a low carbon footprint; 2) the hybrid system allows optimizing electricity and natural gas consumption using energy demand management technologies; 3) the technology synergy allows using excess thermal energy released during methane partial oxidation to increase the electrolysis temperature and its efficiency; 4) it was found that LCOH of the proposed system is 4.66 USD/kg that meets the average estimates in existing studies. At the same
time, breakeven price of the project is 9.658 USD/kg H2, which is too high to be competitive without state support.
methane with oxygen and water electrolysis, a byproduct of which is oxygen. The analysis and evaluation of the proposed scheme showed that: 1) the synergy of water electrolysis and methane partial oxidation technologies allows the production of hydrogen with a low carbon footprint; 2) the hybrid system allows optimizing electricity and natural gas consumption using energy demand management technologies; 3) the technology synergy allows using excess thermal energy released during methane partial oxidation to increase the electrolysis temperature and its efficiency; 4) it was found that LCOH of the proposed system is 4.66 USD/kg that meets the average estimates in existing studies. At the same
time, breakeven price of the project is 9.658 USD/kg H2, which is too high to be competitive without state support.