Background Diabetic nephropathy is a major end stage kidney disease and its timely diagnosis help... more Background Diabetic nephropathy is a major end stage kidney disease and its timely diagnosis helps in combating the morbidity and mortality associated with it, thereby improving the quality of the patients suffering from the condition. Though identification of microalbuminuria has long been used to diagnose the nephropathy among diabetics, there has always a need for sensitive and specific biomarker that could predict the susceptibility of the diabetic patients to develop nephropathy much ahead of the onset of
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2012
In India, there is rising burden of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes. It has been ... more In India, there is rising burden of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes. It has been estimated that 25-40% of these patients are likely to develop CKD, with a significant percentage requiring renal replacement therapy. Haemodialysis is the most common method which is used to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure. The derangements in the metabolism of several toxic and trace elements such as antimony, arsenic, cadmium, molybdenum, nickel, and selenium have been reported for several decades in patients with chronically reduced renal function. Overall, the available literature suggests that the blood levels of some elements such as cadmium, chromium, fluorine, iodine, lead and vanadium are high in ESRD. Our aim was to study the levels of blood lead in the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were on Maintenance Haemodialysis (MHD), and to study whether there was any relationship between the blood lead concentration and the duration of MHD. The blood lead level ...
Introduction: Stress activates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to the release of gluco... more Introduction: Stress activates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to the release of glucocorticoid that mediates the stress response. This adaptive response is self-limited but if persistent for prolonged periods can lead to disease states. Nature has endowed the body with efficient buffer systems to attenuate the stress effects and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone with neuromodulatory functions is implicated as an efficient candidate to buffer stress. Aim: To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of DHEA in the attenuation of acute stress in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was carried out at centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, between June 2021 and August 2021, in compliance with the animal welfare guidelines of CPCSEA, and in accordance to the protocol approved by Institutional animal ethics committee. The 18 male Wistar rats appr...
Introduction and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge economic burden and impacted physic... more Introduction and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge economic burden and impacted physical and mental health of the people. The young medical graduates are facing a lot of disappointments with regard to career, higher studies, personal life etc. The current research aims to assess the various stressors and their coping strategies among the young medical graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Undergraduate medical students of 228 in number of both genders who completed their residency training just before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were enrolled in the study. The data was collected through a preformed questionnaire. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 18.0. P value < 0.05 was considered statical...
: Diabetes mellitus has been a common metabolic disorder in recent years across the world. It has... more : Diabetes mellitus has been a common metabolic disorder in recent years across the world. It has affected approximately 463 million people worldwide, which has tripled in the last two decades. It has been forecasted to show an upward trend through 2030 and 2045 in China, India, and the United States. Few studies have been done to assess the impact of gut microbiota on human health. Diabetes mellitus is found to have an association with gut microbiota. Few animal studies are available linking the alteration of gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus. Probiotics have been found to have anti-diabetic properties. If diabetes is treated with diet modification in addition to drugs, it could change the spectrum of intestinal bacteria by boosting commensal bacteria and decreasing the harmful bacteria in the microbiome population of the gastrointestinal tract, which is highly beneficial. This could aid diabetics in managing diabetes mellitus and its complications effectively. This review has been undertaken to address the management of diabetes mellitus with a focus on the gut microbiome in addition to antidiabetic medications.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2005
The development of atherosclerotic vascular disease is invariably linked to the formation of bioa... more The development of atherosclerotic vascular disease is invariably linked to the formation of bioactive lipid mediators and accompanying vascular inflammation. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) is an enzyme that is produced by inflammatory cells, co-travels with circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL. Its biological role has been controversial with initial reports purporting atheroprotective effects of Lp-PLA 2 thought to be a consequence of degrading platelet-activating factor and removing polar phospholipids in modified LDL. Recent studies, however, focused on pro-inflammatory role of Lp-PLA 2 mediated by products of the Lp-PLA 2 reaction (lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids). These bioactive lipid mediators, which are generated in lesion-prone vasculature and to a lesser extent in the circulation (eg, in electronegative LDL), are known to elicit several inflammatory responses. The proinf...
Blood transfusions save lives and improve health. The general impact of blood donation on iron st... more Blood transfusions save lives and improve health. The general impact of blood donation on iron status has been studied since the late 1970's. Iron deficiency anemia is a common finding in regular blood donors. According to current guidelines hemoglobin (Hb) is used to screen donors in blood bank. Hb measurement alone may not detect donors with iron-deficiency, thus accepting many donors with depleted iron stores, but normal Hb values. In this study we have assessed the iron status of regular male blood donors. 240 male donors were included in this study and were divided into two groups depending on number of donation. Group A consisted of 110 first time donors and group B consisted of 130 regular donors, who had donated more than three times in past 2 yrs. Serum ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation and complete blood count (CBC) was done in all the donors. The mean serum ferritin level in group B (57.6±37.5ng/ml) was significantly lower comp...
Introduction and Aim: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) manifests with menstrual irregularities,... more Introduction and Aim: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) manifests with menstrual irregularities, infertility, galactorrhoea and hirsutism. Hormonal irregularities are found to be the pathogenesis behind PCOS. The study was aimed to evaluate whether obesity is associated with serum prolactin and insulin levels in PCOS women. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Control group included 30 apparently healthy women and cases included 30 PCOS patients, diagnosis based on Rotterdam criteria. The individuals were of 20-40 years of age in both the groups. The serum prolactin and insulin were analysed by ELISA. The obtained data were checked for normality of distribution and subjected to statistical analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was done. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0. P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median and interquartile ran...
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease which not only increases morbidity, morta... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease which not only increases morbidity, mortality and decreases quality of life, but also leads to a heavy economic burden for the patient, family and the society at large. Adiponectin is a peptide hormone, specifically expressed and produced by adipocytes and plays an important part in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and it also has anti inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. This study has been conducted to find out the relationship of adiponectin between healthy controls and with cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban South Indian population. This is a case-control study where cases were already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes and were under treatment. Controls were normal healthy individuals who came for routine health check up. This study suggested there is a significant decrease in serum adiponectin level in cases compared to controls (10.37 ± 7.68 vs. 7.53 ± 4.83 µg/ml; P = 0.000). A highly significa...
Background: Scientific evidence suggests that yoga is beneficial for treating mental health disor... more Background: Scientific evidence suggests that yoga is beneficial for treating mental health disorders. To the best of our knowledge, minimal studies have been done on the development of a yoga module for the specific clinical aspects of depression and there is no particular study on yoga protocol development for mild depression and moderate depression. Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to develop specific yoga protocol modules for treating patients affected with mild and moderate depression. Methods: Yoga protocols for treating mild and moderate depression were developed using classical yoga texts, previous literature, and with the help of yoga experts. 26 practices for mild depression and 35 practices for moderate depression were identified, each of which was scored as (a) not essential, (b) useful but not essential, and (c) essential, and content validity ratio (CVR) determined using Lawshe’s formula for the validation. Results: Expert’s opinion revealed that 13 out of 28 ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There has been an increased awareness to protect frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure and its consequences. To assess the prevalence of healthcare professionals in India during the COVID-19, a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with healthcare professionals from medical colleges and hospitals from different states across the country. The study comprised 772 healthcare professionals aged ≥18 years. The main outcome measures studied were anxiety, depression, and stress. Among the healthcare professionals, 37.17%, 33.68%, and 23.7% were reported to have anxiety, depression, and stress respectively. The physicians, female, aged population, and professionals sleeping less than 7 hours are more prone to psychological problems. The results of this study predict the high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare professionals in different states of India. Increased COV...
Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a major disorder causing mortality and morbidity in the elder... more Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a major disorder causing mortality and morbidity in the elderly population. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is considered as the gold standard biomarker for diagnosis of HF. Aim: To find the association of plasma BNP levels with heart failure in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 35 hypertensive heart failure patients who attended the Outpatient General Medicine Department at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, between March 2020 to December 2020. The patients who belonged to class IV heart failure of the New York heart association were included. Total 35 HF patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 10 patients with hypertensive heart failure without diabetes mellitus. Group 2 included 25 patients with hypertensive heart failure with diabetes mellitus. Parameters such as Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), ...
Background Diabetic nephropathy is a major end stage kidney disease and its timely diagnosis help... more Background Diabetic nephropathy is a major end stage kidney disease and its timely diagnosis helps in combating the morbidity and mortality associated with it, thereby improving the quality of the patients suffering from the condition. Though identification of microalbuminuria has long been used to diagnose the nephropathy among diabetics, there has always a need for sensitive and specific biomarker that could predict the susceptibility of the diabetic patients to develop nephropathy much ahead of the onset of
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2012
In India, there is rising burden of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes. It has been ... more In India, there is rising burden of chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes. It has been estimated that 25-40% of these patients are likely to develop CKD, with a significant percentage requiring renal replacement therapy. Haemodialysis is the most common method which is used to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure. The derangements in the metabolism of several toxic and trace elements such as antimony, arsenic, cadmium, molybdenum, nickel, and selenium have been reported for several decades in patients with chronically reduced renal function. Overall, the available literature suggests that the blood levels of some elements such as cadmium, chromium, fluorine, iodine, lead and vanadium are high in ESRD. Our aim was to study the levels of blood lead in the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were on Maintenance Haemodialysis (MHD), and to study whether there was any relationship between the blood lead concentration and the duration of MHD. The blood lead level ...
Introduction: Stress activates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to the release of gluco... more Introduction: Stress activates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to the release of glucocorticoid that mediates the stress response. This adaptive response is self-limited but if persistent for prolonged periods can lead to disease states. Nature has endowed the body with efficient buffer systems to attenuate the stress effects and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone with neuromodulatory functions is implicated as an efficient candidate to buffer stress. Aim: To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of DHEA in the attenuation of acute stress in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was carried out at centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, between June 2021 and August 2021, in compliance with the animal welfare guidelines of CPCSEA, and in accordance to the protocol approved by Institutional animal ethics committee. The 18 male Wistar rats appr...
Introduction and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge economic burden and impacted physic... more Introduction and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge economic burden and impacted physical and mental health of the people. The young medical graduates are facing a lot of disappointments with regard to career, higher studies, personal life etc. The current research aims to assess the various stressors and their coping strategies among the young medical graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Undergraduate medical students of 228 in number of both genders who completed their residency training just before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were enrolled in the study. The data was collected through a preformed questionnaire. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 18.0. P value < 0.05 was considered statical...
: Diabetes mellitus has been a common metabolic disorder in recent years across the world. It has... more : Diabetes mellitus has been a common metabolic disorder in recent years across the world. It has affected approximately 463 million people worldwide, which has tripled in the last two decades. It has been forecasted to show an upward trend through 2030 and 2045 in China, India, and the United States. Few studies have been done to assess the impact of gut microbiota on human health. Diabetes mellitus is found to have an association with gut microbiota. Few animal studies are available linking the alteration of gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus. Probiotics have been found to have anti-diabetic properties. If diabetes is treated with diet modification in addition to drugs, it could change the spectrum of intestinal bacteria by boosting commensal bacteria and decreasing the harmful bacteria in the microbiome population of the gastrointestinal tract, which is highly beneficial. This could aid diabetics in managing diabetes mellitus and its complications effectively. This review has been undertaken to address the management of diabetes mellitus with a focus on the gut microbiome in addition to antidiabetic medications.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2005
The development of atherosclerotic vascular disease is invariably linked to the formation of bioa... more The development of atherosclerotic vascular disease is invariably linked to the formation of bioactive lipid mediators and accompanying vascular inflammation. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) is an enzyme that is produced by inflammatory cells, co-travels with circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL. Its biological role has been controversial with initial reports purporting atheroprotective effects of Lp-PLA 2 thought to be a consequence of degrading platelet-activating factor and removing polar phospholipids in modified LDL. Recent studies, however, focused on pro-inflammatory role of Lp-PLA 2 mediated by products of the Lp-PLA 2 reaction (lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids). These bioactive lipid mediators, which are generated in lesion-prone vasculature and to a lesser extent in the circulation (eg, in electronegative LDL), are known to elicit several inflammatory responses. The proinf...
Blood transfusions save lives and improve health. The general impact of blood donation on iron st... more Blood transfusions save lives and improve health. The general impact of blood donation on iron status has been studied since the late 1970's. Iron deficiency anemia is a common finding in regular blood donors. According to current guidelines hemoglobin (Hb) is used to screen donors in blood bank. Hb measurement alone may not detect donors with iron-deficiency, thus accepting many donors with depleted iron stores, but normal Hb values. In this study we have assessed the iron status of regular male blood donors. 240 male donors were included in this study and were divided into two groups depending on number of donation. Group A consisted of 110 first time donors and group B consisted of 130 regular donors, who had donated more than three times in past 2 yrs. Serum ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation and complete blood count (CBC) was done in all the donors. The mean serum ferritin level in group B (57.6±37.5ng/ml) was significantly lower comp...
Introduction and Aim: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) manifests with menstrual irregularities,... more Introduction and Aim: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) manifests with menstrual irregularities, infertility, galactorrhoea and hirsutism. Hormonal irregularities are found to be the pathogenesis behind PCOS. The study was aimed to evaluate whether obesity is associated with serum prolactin and insulin levels in PCOS women. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Control group included 30 apparently healthy women and cases included 30 PCOS patients, diagnosis based on Rotterdam criteria. The individuals were of 20-40 years of age in both the groups. The serum prolactin and insulin were analysed by ELISA. The obtained data were checked for normality of distribution and subjected to statistical analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was done. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0. P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median and interquartile ran...
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease which not only increases morbidity, morta... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease which not only increases morbidity, mortality and decreases quality of life, but also leads to a heavy economic burden for the patient, family and the society at large. Adiponectin is a peptide hormone, specifically expressed and produced by adipocytes and plays an important part in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and it also has anti inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. This study has been conducted to find out the relationship of adiponectin between healthy controls and with cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban South Indian population. This is a case-control study where cases were already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes and were under treatment. Controls were normal healthy individuals who came for routine health check up. This study suggested there is a significant decrease in serum adiponectin level in cases compared to controls (10.37 ± 7.68 vs. 7.53 ± 4.83 µg/ml; P = 0.000). A highly significa...
Background: Scientific evidence suggests that yoga is beneficial for treating mental health disor... more Background: Scientific evidence suggests that yoga is beneficial for treating mental health disorders. To the best of our knowledge, minimal studies have been done on the development of a yoga module for the specific clinical aspects of depression and there is no particular study on yoga protocol development for mild depression and moderate depression. Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to develop specific yoga protocol modules for treating patients affected with mild and moderate depression. Methods: Yoga protocols for treating mild and moderate depression were developed using classical yoga texts, previous literature, and with the help of yoga experts. 26 practices for mild depression and 35 practices for moderate depression were identified, each of which was scored as (a) not essential, (b) useful but not essential, and (c) essential, and content validity ratio (CVR) determined using Lawshe’s formula for the validation. Results: Expert’s opinion revealed that 13 out of 28 ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There has been an increased awareness to protect frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure and its consequences. To assess the prevalence of healthcare professionals in India during the COVID-19, a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with healthcare professionals from medical colleges and hospitals from different states across the country. The study comprised 772 healthcare professionals aged ≥18 years. The main outcome measures studied were anxiety, depression, and stress. Among the healthcare professionals, 37.17%, 33.68%, and 23.7% were reported to have anxiety, depression, and stress respectively. The physicians, female, aged population, and professionals sleeping less than 7 hours are more prone to psychological problems. The results of this study predict the high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare professionals in different states of India. Increased COV...
Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a major disorder causing mortality and morbidity in the elder... more Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a major disorder causing mortality and morbidity in the elderly population. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is considered as the gold standard biomarker for diagnosis of HF. Aim: To find the association of plasma BNP levels with heart failure in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 35 hypertensive heart failure patients who attended the Outpatient General Medicine Department at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, between March 2020 to December 2020. The patients who belonged to class IV heart failure of the New York heart association were included. Total 35 HF patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 10 patients with hypertensive heart failure without diabetes mellitus. Group 2 included 25 patients with hypertensive heart failure with diabetes mellitus. Parameters such as Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), ...
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