1 Waste-management and Peri-urban Agriculture in the Early Modern Scottish Burgh Richard D Oram A... more 1 Waste-management and Peri-urban Agriculture in the Early Modern Scottish Burgh Richard D Oram Abstract The deepening of soil for agriculture is a widely-recognised northern European phenomenon. In Scotland, geoarchaeological investigation has identified such anthropogenically deepened soils in urban and rural contexts and interprets them in terms of this northern European tradition, but has not explored the processes behind their formation or the longevity of the practice. While it is well known that Scotland’s medieval town-dwellers grew their dietary staples, their agricultural practices and impact on peri-urban fields has lacked detailed investigation. This paper reviews the geoarchaeological evidence and analyses documentary records from seventeen Scottish burghs, together illustrating a central component of burgess agriculture, the management of urban waste for use as manure. Burgh regulations reveal changing cultural attitudes towards waste as a valued commodity occurring in...
In recent Scottish historical research on issues of ecclesiastical renewal and reform, the chief ... more In recent Scottish historical research on issues of ecclesiastical renewal and reform, the chief academic focus has rested on three strands: the radical restructuring of the twelfth century, popular devotion in the immediate pre-Reformation period, and the dramatic events of the sixteenth-century Reformation. This does not mean that other aspects of medieval Church history have been neglected, for there has been much new research into its institutions, personnel, and properties. Access to papal records, published as the Calendars of Papal Letters and the Calendars of Scottish Supplications to Rome, has not only shed light on issues of papal provision to benefices, clerical celibacy, illegitimacy and education, and the continuing role and nature of lay patronage and benefaction of the secular and regular Church but has transformed scholarly understanding of the operation of the secular Church in Scotland, the organization and functioning of its governmental structures, and the exerci...
Contact and Comparison from the Middle Ages to 1795, 2008
Revision of the traditional view of pioneering monasticism, especially Cistercian, began in the e... more Revision of the traditional view of pioneering monasticism, especially Cistercian, began in the early 1980s, particularly in respect of developments in France. From the beginning of the twelfth century, reformed Benedictine and Augustinian monasticism began to be imported for the first time from predominantly Frankish western Europe into two ?peripheral' areas of apparently different socio-economic and cultural tradition: Scotland and Poland. In Poland, evaluation of the endowment of Cistercian abbeys appears, prima facie , to support the revision. The Polish and Scottish experience outlined in this chapter reveals great flexibility in approach and response in monastic resource-management regimes, with little evidence of either adherence to the artificial strictures imposed by the rules of the various orders or development of the supposedly distinctive approaches to estate organisation produced by the different orders so embedded in the traditional historiography. Keywords: Cistercian; monastic colonisation; Poland; Scotland; Scottish monasteries
the chief academic focus has rested on three strands: the radical restructuring of the twelfth ce... more the chief academic focus has rested on three strands: the radical restructuring of the twelfth century, popular devotion in the immediate pre-Reformation period, and the dramatic events of the sixteenth-century Reformation. This does not mean that other aspects of medieval Church history have been neglected, for there has been much new research into its institutions, personnel, and properties. Access to papal records, published as the Calendars of Papal Letters and the Calendars of Scottish Supplications to Rome, has not only shed light on issues of papal provision to benefices, clerical celibacy, illegitimacy and education, and the continuing role and nature of lay patronage and benefaction of the secular and regular Church but has transformed scholarly understanding of the operation of the secular Church in Scotland, the organization and functioning of its governmental structures, and the exercise of canon law, and has given fresh insight into the influence which the clergy wielde...
1 Waste-management and Peri-urban Agriculture in the Early Modern Scottish Burgh Richard D Oram A... more 1 Waste-management and Peri-urban Agriculture in the Early Modern Scottish Burgh Richard D Oram Abstract The deepening of soil for agriculture is a widely-recognised northern European phenomenon. In Scotland, geoarchaeological investigation has identified such anthropogenically deepened soils in urban and rural contexts and interprets them in terms of this northern European tradition, but has not explored the processes behind their formation or the longevity of the practice. While it is well known that Scotland’s medieval town-dwellers grew their dietary staples, their agricultural practices and impact on peri-urban fields has lacked detailed investigation. This paper reviews the geoarchaeological evidence and analyses documentary records from seventeen Scottish burghs, together illustrating a central component of burgess agriculture, the management of urban waste for use as manure. Burgh regulations reveal changing cultural attitudes towards waste as a valued commodity occurring in...
In recent Scottish historical research on issues of ecclesiastical renewal and reform, the chief ... more In recent Scottish historical research on issues of ecclesiastical renewal and reform, the chief academic focus has rested on three strands: the radical restructuring of the twelfth century, popular devotion in the immediate pre-Reformation period, and the dramatic events of the sixteenth-century Reformation. This does not mean that other aspects of medieval Church history have been neglected, for there has been much new research into its institutions, personnel, and properties. Access to papal records, published as the Calendars of Papal Letters and the Calendars of Scottish Supplications to Rome, has not only shed light on issues of papal provision to benefices, clerical celibacy, illegitimacy and education, and the continuing role and nature of lay patronage and benefaction of the secular and regular Church but has transformed scholarly understanding of the operation of the secular Church in Scotland, the organization and functioning of its governmental structures, and the exerci...
Contact and Comparison from the Middle Ages to 1795, 2008
Revision of the traditional view of pioneering monasticism, especially Cistercian, began in the e... more Revision of the traditional view of pioneering monasticism, especially Cistercian, began in the early 1980s, particularly in respect of developments in France. From the beginning of the twelfth century, reformed Benedictine and Augustinian monasticism began to be imported for the first time from predominantly Frankish western Europe into two ?peripheral' areas of apparently different socio-economic and cultural tradition: Scotland and Poland. In Poland, evaluation of the endowment of Cistercian abbeys appears, prima facie , to support the revision. The Polish and Scottish experience outlined in this chapter reveals great flexibility in approach and response in monastic resource-management regimes, with little evidence of either adherence to the artificial strictures imposed by the rules of the various orders or development of the supposedly distinctive approaches to estate organisation produced by the different orders so embedded in the traditional historiography. Keywords: Cistercian; monastic colonisation; Poland; Scotland; Scottish monasteries
the chief academic focus has rested on three strands: the radical restructuring of the twelfth ce... more the chief academic focus has rested on three strands: the radical restructuring of the twelfth century, popular devotion in the immediate pre-Reformation period, and the dramatic events of the sixteenth-century Reformation. This does not mean that other aspects of medieval Church history have been neglected, for there has been much new research into its institutions, personnel, and properties. Access to papal records, published as the Calendars of Papal Letters and the Calendars of Scottish Supplications to Rome, has not only shed light on issues of papal provision to benefices, clerical celibacy, illegitimacy and education, and the continuing role and nature of lay patronage and benefaction of the secular and regular Church but has transformed scholarly understanding of the operation of the secular Church in Scotland, the organization and functioning of its governmental structures, and the exercise of canon law, and has given fresh insight into the influence which the clergy wielde...
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