The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises questions about the effective inac... more The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises questions about the effective inactivation of its causative agent, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in medical wastewater by disinfectants. For this reason, our study of wastewater from a selected hospital evaluated several different advanced oxidation methods (Fenton reaction and Fenton-like reaction and ferrate (VI)) capable of effectively removing SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The obtained results of all investigated oxidation processes, such as ferrates, Fenton reaction and its modifications achieved above 90% efficiency in degradation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in model water. The efficiency of degradation of real SARS-CoV-2 from hospital wastewater declines in following order ferrate (VI) > Fenton reaction > Fenton-like reaction. Similarly, the decrease of chemical oxygen demand compared to effluent was observed. Therefore, all of these methods can be used as a replacement of chlorination at the wastewat...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The research aims at washing processes as possible sources of microplastics, specifical microfibe... more The research aims at washing processes as possible sources of microplastics, specifical microfibers in wastewater, and the behavior of the virus particles SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater after the washing process as well as their ability to sorb to the surface of microfibers, released from washing processes. The conclusions of the research point to the ability of the virus to attach to possible solid impurities such as textile fibers (microfibers) occurring in the sewer and to the ability of wash water to influence their possible occurrence in the sewer. The highest efficiency (more than 99%) of removal virus particles was after washing process, using liquid washing powder, and washing soda. These findings may gradually contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of the virus particles in the sewer.
The objective of this study of modified polypropylene (PP) fibres using nanoadditives (nano-CaCO3... more The objective of this study of modified polypropylene (PP) fibres using nanoadditives (nano-CaCO3 and Cloisite 30B) was to determine the influence of these additives on thermal and mechanical properties, but especially on the barrier properties of the nanocomposite fibres against UV radiation. The DSC data obtained from measurements of PP/CaCO3 or PP/C30B nanocomposite fibres were used for determination of the constants n and K of the Avrami equation and in the estimation of other thermal properties of the fibres, such as their crystallization half-time t1/2, rate of crystallization 1/2, the necessary time for maximum crystallization tmax and free energy per unit area of surface in the lamella perpen-dicular to the axis of a high-molecular chain e. The nano-CaCO3 or Closite 30B fillers (pre-treated separately in three different solvents: glycerine, acetone and water) did not influence the melting temperatures but caused an increase in PP crystallization temperatures in comparison wi...
In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZN... more In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZNPP) on thermal behaviour of metallocene polypropylene (mPP) in the oriented and un-oriented polymer blend fibres is presented. The DSC 7 apparatus (Perkin Elmer) for measurement of thermal properties of these fibres was used. The oriented and un-oriented mPP/PE blends and fibres are characterised by individual melting temperatures of both components with deviation of the basic thermal quantities in comparison with mPP and PE. The decrease of the total melting enthalpy of the blend indicates a partial compatibility of mPP and PE at a temperature above the melting point of the components at low concentration of PE. The mPP/ZNPP fibres are compatible polymer blends with one melting temperature in the range of melting temperature of mPP and ZNPP.
In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZN... more In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZNPP) on thermal behaviour of metallocene polypropylene (mPP) in the oriented and unoriented polymer blend fibres is presented. The DSC 7 apparatus (Perkin Elmer) for measurement of thermal properties of these fibres was used. The oriented and un-oriented mPP/PE blends and fibres are characterised by individual melting temperatures of both components with deviation of the basic thermal quantities in comparison with mPP and PE. The decrease of the total melting enthalpy of the blend indicates a partial compatibility of mPP and PE at a temperature above the melting point of the components at low concentration of PE. The mPP/ZNPP fibres are compatible polymer blends with one melting temperature in the range of melting temperature of mPP and ZNPP.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Its need and use will increa... more Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Its need and use will increase in the future. Concrete is use in different areas from civil to engineering construction. Different methods of material preparation of concrete composite with improved special properties are developed and used nowadays. Reinforcing concrete with fibres is one of the methods to improve its specific properties. Different types of fibres are used as the reinforcing components – steel (metal), glass, polymer (synthetic and natural polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyamide (PA) and polyester (PES)) and their mixtures. Application of these fibres depends on improving of required specific properties of concrete. Dispersed fiber reinforcements in the matrix of concrete have significant influence upon general properties of concrete. The properties that the dispersed fibre reinforcements influence negatively are workability of concrete, rheological properties, ...
The contribution deals with hydrophilicity, orienta tion factor and barrier properties of PA 6 fi... more The contribution deals with hydrophilicity, orienta tion factor and barrier properties of PA 6 fibres p hysically modified with 5, 10 and 20 wt. % of concentrates. E ach concentrate contains 95 wt. % of copolyamide + 5 wt. % of one nanoclay Bentonite 11958 or Cloisite 15A and was synthesized in the melt. Comonomers of copolyamide are � ‐ caprolactam, nylon salt of adipic acid and 1-(2-ami noethyl)piperazine and nylon salt of adipic acid an d diethylenetriamine. Total amount of nylon salts in copolyamides is either 10.7 or 21.4 wt. %. Hydrophilicity is positively influenced by higher a mount of concentrates in modified PA 6 fibres and m ainly if concentrates contain higher amount of nylon salts.
On the basis of the photochromic pigment, a simple textile sensor of UV radiation was developed w... more On the basis of the photochromic pigment, a simple textile sensor of UV radiation was developed which is useful for visual identification of UV radiation [1]. The photochromic materials are generally formed of unstable organic molecules, which changed the molecular configuration of the effects of certain exerted radiation. The change in configuration causes the change in the absorption spectrum, resulting in the change in color. Textiles containing photochromic pigments belong to the active smart textiles [2]. Protective clothing based on smart textiles has its particular advantages in that the textile structure is easily adaptable e.g. sewing and easily maintainable e.g. washing and drying. The great advantage of incorporating UV sensors (photochromic pigments) in structure of fiber is the resistance to elution compared of surface print. The other advantages are the low density, good strength, elongation and elasticity [3]. Polypropylene is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer ...
This work focuses on the properties of polypropylene concentrates and fibers modified by inorgani... more This work focuses on the properties of polypropylene concentrates and fibers modified by inorganic additive. Polypropylene staple fibers are assigned as reinforcement of concrete to transform and absorb deformation energy. Modification of polypropylene fibers is necessary to ensure more intense anchoring of fibers in cement matrix. In this work the impact of inorganic additive on the rheological properties of polypropylene and polypropylene concentrate as well as on thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of composite polypropylene fibers is investigated. At rheological properties the index pseudoplasticity of polypropylene and polypropylene concentrates were comparable. Thermomechanical analysis shows, that temperature of fiber deformation was higher at higher drawing ratio of composite polypropylene fibers containing inorganic additives. Mechanical properties of modified fibers without stabilization and stabilized at 95°C for 1 minute achieved higher values at drawing ...
This contribution outlines the preparation and properties of PA 6 fibres modified with two types ... more This contribution outlines the preparation and properties of PA 6 fibres modified with two types of montmorillonite - organophilic Bentonite 11958 or Cloisite 15A alone, as well as with concentrates consisting of copolyamides and Bentonite. The concentrates were synthesised with e-caprolactam (CL) and two minor comonomers - nylon salts from adipic acid + diethylenetriamine (ADETA) and from adipic acid + 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AN2) in the presence of Bentonite. Three concentrates containing copolyamide from CL + 10.7 wt. %, 21.4 wt.% and 23.4 wt.% of minor comonomers + 5 wt.% of Bentonite were prepared. The basic properties of PA 6 and the concentrates were evaluated. Blends PA 6 + 10 - 50 wt.% of each concentrate, PA 6 + 0.25 – 2.5 wt.% of Bentonite and PA 6 + 0.25 - 5 wt.% of Cloisite were prepared, and the apparent viscosity of the blend melts with Bentonite was measured. Experimental PA 6 fibres modified with Bentonite, Cloisite and the concentrates were prepared and drawn....
In this contribution blend metallocene polypropylene (mPP) fibres modified with 4, 8, 12 wt.% of ... more In this contribution blend metallocene polypropylene (mPP) fibres modified with 4, 8, 12 wt.% of copolyamide A and 4, 8, 12 wt.% of compatibiliser L were prepared. Copolyamide A consists of 85 wt.% of e-caprolactam and 15 wt.% of nylon salt of adipic acid and diethylenetriamine. Compatibiliser L is low molecular isotactic polypropylene grafted with maleineanhydride. Thermal properties of the components, blends and modified mPP fibres were evaluated. Fibres modified with both copolyamide A and compatibilizer were successfully spun and drawn, with the opposite being the case for mPP fibres modified only with copolyamide A without compatibiliser L, which were not spun, confirming the positive role of compatibiliser L. The modified fibres conserve their thermal characteristics - melting temperature, melting enthalpy and entropy in the whole interval of both additive concentrations evaluated. The positive influence of the compatibiliser was found from the point of melting enthalpy and me...
Concentrates of copolyamides consisting of copolyamide (e-caprolactam + nylon salt of adipic acid... more Concentrates of copolyamides consisting of copolyamide (e-caprolactam + nylon salt of adipic acid and diethylenetriamine and nylon salt of 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine and adipic acid) and the nanoadditive Bentonite were prepared, characterised and used for the preparation of blend polypropylene (PP) fibres. PP fibres modified with 4, 8 and 12 wt.% of the three types of concentrates prepared were spun without a compatibiliser by the standard melting process and drawn at three drawing ratios. Mechanical properties of the modified PP fibres, i.e. tenacity
This contribution deals with the preparation of concentrates consisting of copolyamides from e-ca... more This contribution deals with the preparation of concentrates consisting of copolyamides from e-caprolactam and nylon salts prepared from adipic acid and 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine, and from adipic acid and diethylenetriamine, as well as the evaluation of their basic properties. PA 6 fibres modified with 5, 10 and 20 wt. % of these concentrates were prepared by two drawing processes, and their mechanical properties,( tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break) and orientation factors were evaluated. With respect to their thermal properties, all the concentrates are more or less semicrystalline compounds suitable as additives for semicrystalline PA 6 fibres. Mechanical properties depend on the type of concentrate and conditions of the drawing process. A lower amount of concentrate in modified fibres and concentrates with a lower amount of comonomers in copolyamide, Cloisite nanoadditive, a lower speed of drawing and an optimal drawing ratio assure the same or better mech...
The modification of PA 6 fibres with macromolecular modifiers in order to improve their sorptive ... more The modification of PA 6 fibres with macromolecular modifiers in order to improve their sorptive and electric properties was studied. Modifiers consisting of binary, high molecular, semicrystalline copolyamides (from e-caprolactam as a major component and 5, 17 and 30 wt.% of nylon salt from adipic acid + diethylenetriamine) and PA 6 homopolyamide were synthesised in the presence of nanoadditive montmorillonite, and the basic characteristics of the modifiers were evaluated. Synthesised modifiers of 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt.% were used for the preparation of blended M/F poly-e-caprolactam/modifier fibres and the fibres´ properties were evaluated. The electric and sorptive properties of PA 6 fibres modified with modifiers containing montmorillonite were improved; their tensile strength (mainly with lower amount of modifiers) decreased only negligibly.
This paper deals with the synthesis of modifiers consisting of co-polyamide with clay prepared fr... more This paper deals with the synthesis of modifiers consisting of co-polyamide with clay prepared from co-monomers, namely from e-caprolactam (CL) and nylon salt (NS) from adipic acid + diethylenetriamine (ADETA), and montmorillonite (MMT). We present a procedure for evaluating the modifiers’ properties, such as the amount of low molecular compounds (LMC) and the relative viscosity (ηr = ηs/η0) performed in accordance with principles of the five-level two-factor experimental design. Four selected samples were synthesised and their properties were checked.
Shape of cross-section of the fibres has significant influence on end-used properties of fibres w... more Shape of cross-section of the fibres has significant influence on end-used properties of fibres which are used for textile or technical applications. This work is focused on an evaluation of the influence of this varied fibre geometry on different properties and characteristics of polypropylene (PP) fibres.
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises questions about the effective inac... more The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises questions about the effective inactivation of its causative agent, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in medical wastewater by disinfectants. For this reason, our study of wastewater from a selected hospital evaluated several different advanced oxidation methods (Fenton reaction and Fenton-like reaction and ferrate (VI)) capable of effectively removing SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The obtained results of all investigated oxidation processes, such as ferrates, Fenton reaction and its modifications achieved above 90% efficiency in degradation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in model water. The efficiency of degradation of real SARS-CoV-2 from hospital wastewater declines in following order ferrate (VI) > Fenton reaction > Fenton-like reaction. Similarly, the decrease of chemical oxygen demand compared to effluent was observed. Therefore, all of these methods can be used as a replacement of chlorination at the wastewat...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The research aims at washing processes as possible sources of microplastics, specifical microfibe... more The research aims at washing processes as possible sources of microplastics, specifical microfibers in wastewater, and the behavior of the virus particles SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater after the washing process as well as their ability to sorb to the surface of microfibers, released from washing processes. The conclusions of the research point to the ability of the virus to attach to possible solid impurities such as textile fibers (microfibers) occurring in the sewer and to the ability of wash water to influence their possible occurrence in the sewer. The highest efficiency (more than 99%) of removal virus particles was after washing process, using liquid washing powder, and washing soda. These findings may gradually contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of the virus particles in the sewer.
The objective of this study of modified polypropylene (PP) fibres using nanoadditives (nano-CaCO3... more The objective of this study of modified polypropylene (PP) fibres using nanoadditives (nano-CaCO3 and Cloisite 30B) was to determine the influence of these additives on thermal and mechanical properties, but especially on the barrier properties of the nanocomposite fibres against UV radiation. The DSC data obtained from measurements of PP/CaCO3 or PP/C30B nanocomposite fibres were used for determination of the constants n and K of the Avrami equation and in the estimation of other thermal properties of the fibres, such as their crystallization half-time t1/2, rate of crystallization 1/2, the necessary time for maximum crystallization tmax and free energy per unit area of surface in the lamella perpen-dicular to the axis of a high-molecular chain e. The nano-CaCO3 or Closite 30B fillers (pre-treated separately in three different solvents: glycerine, acetone and water) did not influence the melting temperatures but caused an increase in PP crystallization temperatures in comparison wi...
In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZN... more In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZNPP) on thermal behaviour of metallocene polypropylene (mPP) in the oriented and un-oriented polymer blend fibres is presented. The DSC 7 apparatus (Perkin Elmer) for measurement of thermal properties of these fibres was used. The oriented and un-oriented mPP/PE blends and fibres are characterised by individual melting temperatures of both components with deviation of the basic thermal quantities in comparison with mPP and PE. The decrease of the total melting enthalpy of the blend indicates a partial compatibility of mPP and PE at a temperature above the melting point of the components at low concentration of PE. The mPP/ZNPP fibres are compatible polymer blends with one melting temperature in the range of melting temperature of mPP and ZNPP.
In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZN... more In this paper the effect of various polyethylenes (PE) as well as Ziegler-Natta polypropylene (ZNPP) on thermal behaviour of metallocene polypropylene (mPP) in the oriented and unoriented polymer blend fibres is presented. The DSC 7 apparatus (Perkin Elmer) for measurement of thermal properties of these fibres was used. The oriented and un-oriented mPP/PE blends and fibres are characterised by individual melting temperatures of both components with deviation of the basic thermal quantities in comparison with mPP and PE. The decrease of the total melting enthalpy of the blend indicates a partial compatibility of mPP and PE at a temperature above the melting point of the components at low concentration of PE. The mPP/ZNPP fibres are compatible polymer blends with one melting temperature in the range of melting temperature of mPP and ZNPP.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Its need and use will increa... more Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Its need and use will increase in the future. Concrete is use in different areas from civil to engineering construction. Different methods of material preparation of concrete composite with improved special properties are developed and used nowadays. Reinforcing concrete with fibres is one of the methods to improve its specific properties. Different types of fibres are used as the reinforcing components – steel (metal), glass, polymer (synthetic and natural polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyamide (PA) and polyester (PES)) and their mixtures. Application of these fibres depends on improving of required specific properties of concrete. Dispersed fiber reinforcements in the matrix of concrete have significant influence upon general properties of concrete. The properties that the dispersed fibre reinforcements influence negatively are workability of concrete, rheological properties, ...
The contribution deals with hydrophilicity, orienta tion factor and barrier properties of PA 6 fi... more The contribution deals with hydrophilicity, orienta tion factor and barrier properties of PA 6 fibres p hysically modified with 5, 10 and 20 wt. % of concentrates. E ach concentrate contains 95 wt. % of copolyamide + 5 wt. % of one nanoclay Bentonite 11958 or Cloisite 15A and was synthesized in the melt. Comonomers of copolyamide are � ‐ caprolactam, nylon salt of adipic acid and 1-(2-ami noethyl)piperazine and nylon salt of adipic acid an d diethylenetriamine. Total amount of nylon salts in copolyamides is either 10.7 or 21.4 wt. %. Hydrophilicity is positively influenced by higher a mount of concentrates in modified PA 6 fibres and m ainly if concentrates contain higher amount of nylon salts.
On the basis of the photochromic pigment, a simple textile sensor of UV radiation was developed w... more On the basis of the photochromic pigment, a simple textile sensor of UV radiation was developed which is useful for visual identification of UV radiation [1]. The photochromic materials are generally formed of unstable organic molecules, which changed the molecular configuration of the effects of certain exerted radiation. The change in configuration causes the change in the absorption spectrum, resulting in the change in color. Textiles containing photochromic pigments belong to the active smart textiles [2]. Protective clothing based on smart textiles has its particular advantages in that the textile structure is easily adaptable e.g. sewing and easily maintainable e.g. washing and drying. The great advantage of incorporating UV sensors (photochromic pigments) in structure of fiber is the resistance to elution compared of surface print. The other advantages are the low density, good strength, elongation and elasticity [3]. Polypropylene is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer ...
This work focuses on the properties of polypropylene concentrates and fibers modified by inorgani... more This work focuses on the properties of polypropylene concentrates and fibers modified by inorganic additive. Polypropylene staple fibers are assigned as reinforcement of concrete to transform and absorb deformation energy. Modification of polypropylene fibers is necessary to ensure more intense anchoring of fibers in cement matrix. In this work the impact of inorganic additive on the rheological properties of polypropylene and polypropylene concentrate as well as on thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of composite polypropylene fibers is investigated. At rheological properties the index pseudoplasticity of polypropylene and polypropylene concentrates were comparable. Thermomechanical analysis shows, that temperature of fiber deformation was higher at higher drawing ratio of composite polypropylene fibers containing inorganic additives. Mechanical properties of modified fibers without stabilization and stabilized at 95°C for 1 minute achieved higher values at drawing ...
This contribution outlines the preparation and properties of PA 6 fibres modified with two types ... more This contribution outlines the preparation and properties of PA 6 fibres modified with two types of montmorillonite - organophilic Bentonite 11958 or Cloisite 15A alone, as well as with concentrates consisting of copolyamides and Bentonite. The concentrates were synthesised with e-caprolactam (CL) and two minor comonomers - nylon salts from adipic acid + diethylenetriamine (ADETA) and from adipic acid + 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AN2) in the presence of Bentonite. Three concentrates containing copolyamide from CL + 10.7 wt. %, 21.4 wt.% and 23.4 wt.% of minor comonomers + 5 wt.% of Bentonite were prepared. The basic properties of PA 6 and the concentrates were evaluated. Blends PA 6 + 10 - 50 wt.% of each concentrate, PA 6 + 0.25 – 2.5 wt.% of Bentonite and PA 6 + 0.25 - 5 wt.% of Cloisite were prepared, and the apparent viscosity of the blend melts with Bentonite was measured. Experimental PA 6 fibres modified with Bentonite, Cloisite and the concentrates were prepared and drawn....
In this contribution blend metallocene polypropylene (mPP) fibres modified with 4, 8, 12 wt.% of ... more In this contribution blend metallocene polypropylene (mPP) fibres modified with 4, 8, 12 wt.% of copolyamide A and 4, 8, 12 wt.% of compatibiliser L were prepared. Copolyamide A consists of 85 wt.% of e-caprolactam and 15 wt.% of nylon salt of adipic acid and diethylenetriamine. Compatibiliser L is low molecular isotactic polypropylene grafted with maleineanhydride. Thermal properties of the components, blends and modified mPP fibres were evaluated. Fibres modified with both copolyamide A and compatibilizer were successfully spun and drawn, with the opposite being the case for mPP fibres modified only with copolyamide A without compatibiliser L, which were not spun, confirming the positive role of compatibiliser L. The modified fibres conserve their thermal characteristics - melting temperature, melting enthalpy and entropy in the whole interval of both additive concentrations evaluated. The positive influence of the compatibiliser was found from the point of melting enthalpy and me...
Concentrates of copolyamides consisting of copolyamide (e-caprolactam + nylon salt of adipic acid... more Concentrates of copolyamides consisting of copolyamide (e-caprolactam + nylon salt of adipic acid and diethylenetriamine and nylon salt of 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine and adipic acid) and the nanoadditive Bentonite were prepared, characterised and used for the preparation of blend polypropylene (PP) fibres. PP fibres modified with 4, 8 and 12 wt.% of the three types of concentrates prepared were spun without a compatibiliser by the standard melting process and drawn at three drawing ratios. Mechanical properties of the modified PP fibres, i.e. tenacity
This contribution deals with the preparation of concentrates consisting of copolyamides from e-ca... more This contribution deals with the preparation of concentrates consisting of copolyamides from e-caprolactam and nylon salts prepared from adipic acid and 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine, and from adipic acid and diethylenetriamine, as well as the evaluation of their basic properties. PA 6 fibres modified with 5, 10 and 20 wt. % of these concentrates were prepared by two drawing processes, and their mechanical properties,( tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break) and orientation factors were evaluated. With respect to their thermal properties, all the concentrates are more or less semicrystalline compounds suitable as additives for semicrystalline PA 6 fibres. Mechanical properties depend on the type of concentrate and conditions of the drawing process. A lower amount of concentrate in modified fibres and concentrates with a lower amount of comonomers in copolyamide, Cloisite nanoadditive, a lower speed of drawing and an optimal drawing ratio assure the same or better mech...
The modification of PA 6 fibres with macromolecular modifiers in order to improve their sorptive ... more The modification of PA 6 fibres with macromolecular modifiers in order to improve their sorptive and electric properties was studied. Modifiers consisting of binary, high molecular, semicrystalline copolyamides (from e-caprolactam as a major component and 5, 17 and 30 wt.% of nylon salt from adipic acid + diethylenetriamine) and PA 6 homopolyamide were synthesised in the presence of nanoadditive montmorillonite, and the basic characteristics of the modifiers were evaluated. Synthesised modifiers of 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt.% were used for the preparation of blended M/F poly-e-caprolactam/modifier fibres and the fibres´ properties were evaluated. The electric and sorptive properties of PA 6 fibres modified with modifiers containing montmorillonite were improved; their tensile strength (mainly with lower amount of modifiers) decreased only negligibly.
This paper deals with the synthesis of modifiers consisting of co-polyamide with clay prepared fr... more This paper deals with the synthesis of modifiers consisting of co-polyamide with clay prepared from co-monomers, namely from e-caprolactam (CL) and nylon salt (NS) from adipic acid + diethylenetriamine (ADETA), and montmorillonite (MMT). We present a procedure for evaluating the modifiers’ properties, such as the amount of low molecular compounds (LMC) and the relative viscosity (ηr = ηs/η0) performed in accordance with principles of the five-level two-factor experimental design. Four selected samples were synthesised and their properties were checked.
Shape of cross-section of the fibres has significant influence on end-used properties of fibres w... more Shape of cross-section of the fibres has significant influence on end-used properties of fibres which are used for textile or technical applications. This work is focused on an evaluation of the influence of this varied fibre geometry on different properties and characteristics of polypropylene (PP) fibres.
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