Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and f... more Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and food and nutrition security (FNS) challenges for Africa in general and in particular for sub saharan Africa (SSA). Further, the report briefly assessed the general performance of the four dimensions of FNS in SSA. It also outlines the policy responses and programmes by the African governments towards achieving FNS. This was followed by describing the concept of various forms of sustainable intensification systems including the sustainable agriculture intensification systems (SAIs), agriculture extension and advisory services (EASs) and innovative institutional approaches (IIAs). In general, Part I of this report reviews the various agriculture technologies, extension and institutions approaches implemented and promoted in the past and present in Africa and other relevant regions of the world. A detailed descriptions is provided in the second part of this report by six case study countries of the InnovAfrica project.European Commissio
Narrow sense heritabilities of maturity characteristics of common beans were estimated using the ... more Narrow sense heritabilities of maturity characteristics of common beans were estimated using the standard unit method of regression of F 3 on F 2 plants of Early x Late crosses grown in the field plots of the Sokoine University of Agriculture during the growing season of 1991. Correlations and genetic advances (GA) of maturity traits and seed' yield were also determined. Estimated narrow sense heritabilities were high (0.59) for days to first flower (DFF), medium (33.3) for days to physiological maturity (DPM) and low (25.6) for duration of pod fill period (PFP). The high standard errors of PFP indicated high environmental influence on the expression of this trait. The results indicated that additive gene effects play an important. role in the inheritance of DFF, hence early generation selection for this trait would be successful. Selection for duration of PFP should be done at later generations in replicated yield trials.A positive and significant relationship ( P 0.05) between...
The most important economic species of the genus Phaseolus is the common beans ( Phaseolus vulgar... more The most important economic species of the genus Phaseolus is the common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) which is widely cultivated and arguably the most significant leguminous for direct human consumption. It is an important source of dietary protein, calories, dietary fibres and minerals particularly iron and zinc. Root rot disease caused by Pythium pathogen is one of the major production constraint in bean growing areas within East Africa. In Tanzania, control measures used by farmers are fungicidal seed treatments which are less effective and not environmentally friendly, soil drainage and crop rotation which are not sustainable in the disease management. This study focused on the evaluation and selection of promising common bean genotypes for resistance to Pythium root rot disease from 100 bean genotypes sourced from Tanzania, CIAT and Andean Diversity Panel (ADP). Inoculum of Pythium aphanidermatum and Pythium splendens were used for challenging the beans genotypes under contro...
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced from America into Tanzania approximately 3... more The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced from America into Tanzania approximately 300 years ago. Considerable genetic variation for morphological traits, and reaction to bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases exist in the germplasm. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variation in 45 common bean genotypes. Forty one accessions were collected from the Southern highland zone, Northern and the Eastern zones of Tanzania, four ALS resistant checks were obtained from CIAT. These were evaluated in agronomic and yield characteristics. They were screened against six Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc) Ferr isolates and characterized for nine morphological traits at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, in 2005. All 45 accessions were cultivated common bean of which 24 were large seeded and 21 were small seeded. The forty one adapted common bean samples investigated were collected from farmers, market places and research centres . And were taken to Sokoine ...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has two major origins of domestication, Andean and Mesoameric... more Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has two major origins of domestication, Andean and Mesoamerican, which contribute to the high diversity of growth type, pod and seed characteristics. The climbing growth habit is associated with increased days to flowering (DF), seed iron concentration (SdFe), nitrogen fixation, and yield. However, breeding efforts in climbing beans have been limited and independent from bush type beans. To advance climbing bean breeding, we carried out genome-wide association studies and genomic predictions using 1,869 common bean lines belonging to five breeding panels representing both gene pools and all growth types. The phenotypic data were collected from 17 field trials and were complemented with 16 previously published trials. Overall, 38 significant marker-trait associations were identified for growth habit, 14 for DF, 13 for 100 seed weight, three for SdFe, and one for yield. Except for DF, the results suggest a common genetic basis for traits across all ...
MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for model building and validation using ... more MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for model building and validation using dry bean seeds information from 2014
MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for cross-year model updating and testin... more MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for cross-year model updating and testing using dry bean seeds information from 2015
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the wor... more Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the world. Developing salt tolerant rice ( Oryza sativa L .) genotype is one of the solutions to the problem of salinity. This experiment was carried out in the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture at SUA to assess the salinity tolerance of 8 rice genotypes at the seedling stage. Ion accumulation in plants and dry matter content along with molecular markers were used to evaluate the tolerance of each rice genotype. The genotypes were IRRI 112 , IRRI 124, FL 478, IRRI 113, IR65912-4B-10-3, IRRI 128, NERICA-L-19 and SUAKOKO-10. In this experiment, the genotypes were exposed to three salinity levels in a randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The salinity levels were 100 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 0 mM NaCl. The homogenous mixture of sand, farm yard manure and rice husk (ratio of 6:2:10 respectively) was used as the planting medium for all rice genotype...
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the wor... more Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the world. Developing a salt tolerance genotype is one of the solutions to the problem of salinity. This research experiment was carried at Crop Science Department at SUA to assess the salinity tolerance of 8 rice ( Oryza sativa L .) genotypes at the seedling stage to select susceptible parents for the introgression of saltol gene. The genotypes were IRRI 112 , IRRI 124, FL 478, IRRI 113, IR65912-4B-10-3, IRRI 128, NERICA-L-19 and SUAKOKO-10. In this experiment, the genotypes were grown at three salinity levels using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The salinity levels were 100 mMNaCl, 50 mMNaCl and 0 mMNaCl, and a homogenous mixture of sand, farm yard manure and rice husk (ratio of 3:5:10 respectively) as the planting medium for all rice genotypes. The soil texture was sandy clay-loam. Genotypes growth, biochemical accumulation and dry matter cont...
Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environ... more Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability. The randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Data on yield were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model was used to display graphical representation of the yield data and the yield stability index (YSi). The analysis of variance of the AMMI model indicated that environments accounted for 56.9% of the total sum of square; genotypes effect explained 9.2% and the G x E interaction effect accounted 8.9% of the total sum of squares for the 16 genotypes tested across three environments and were all significant (P < 0.01). The average grain yield were 2.7, 1.38 and 1.20 t ha-1 for Karagwe, Bukoba and Muleba respectively. According the results, the GGE biplot revealed that, the genotypes SSIN 1240, SAB 659 and DAB 21...
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2017
Soil salinity contributes to one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in mos... more Soil salinity contributes to one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in most of the irrigation schemes in Tanzania. Understanding farmers’ perceptions of soil salinity and its effects on crop productivity is important in promoting soil and water conservation practices. A study was conducted in Chanzuru and Ilonga villages in Kilosa District in 2016 to determine farmers’ perceptions on soil salinity problems in the District. Therefore, a socio-economic survey was carried out on 60 respondents. Data were collected using the semi-structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The finding of the study showed that farmers perceived salinity more on the basis of location than they did on the basis of socio-demographics. The main causes of soil salinity as perceived by farmers were poor quality of irrigation water and poor drainage systems. Some socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that significantly...
Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and f... more Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and food and nutrition security (FNS) challenges for Africa in general and in particular for sub saharan Africa (SSA). Further, the report briefly assessed the general performance of the four dimensions of FNS in SSA. It also outlines the policy responses and programmes by the African governments towards achieving FNS. This was followed by describing the concept of various forms of sustainable intensification systems including the sustainable agriculture intensification systems (SAIs), agriculture extension and advisory services (EASs) and innovative institutional approaches (IIAs). In general, Part I of this report reviews the various agriculture technologies, extension and institutions approaches implemented and promoted in the past and present in Africa and other relevant regions of the world. A detailed descriptions is provided in the second part of this report by six case study countries of the InnovAfrica project.European Commissio
Narrow sense heritabilities of maturity characteristics of common beans were estimated using the ... more Narrow sense heritabilities of maturity characteristics of common beans were estimated using the standard unit method of regression of F 3 on F 2 plants of Early x Late crosses grown in the field plots of the Sokoine University of Agriculture during the growing season of 1991. Correlations and genetic advances (GA) of maturity traits and seed' yield were also determined. Estimated narrow sense heritabilities were high (0.59) for days to first flower (DFF), medium (33.3) for days to physiological maturity (DPM) and low (25.6) for duration of pod fill period (PFP). The high standard errors of PFP indicated high environmental influence on the expression of this trait. The results indicated that additive gene effects play an important. role in the inheritance of DFF, hence early generation selection for this trait would be successful. Selection for duration of PFP should be done at later generations in replicated yield trials.A positive and significant relationship ( P 0.05) between...
The most important economic species of the genus Phaseolus is the common beans ( Phaseolus vulgar... more The most important economic species of the genus Phaseolus is the common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) which is widely cultivated and arguably the most significant leguminous for direct human consumption. It is an important source of dietary protein, calories, dietary fibres and minerals particularly iron and zinc. Root rot disease caused by Pythium pathogen is one of the major production constraint in bean growing areas within East Africa. In Tanzania, control measures used by farmers are fungicidal seed treatments which are less effective and not environmentally friendly, soil drainage and crop rotation which are not sustainable in the disease management. This study focused on the evaluation and selection of promising common bean genotypes for resistance to Pythium root rot disease from 100 bean genotypes sourced from Tanzania, CIAT and Andean Diversity Panel (ADP). Inoculum of Pythium aphanidermatum and Pythium splendens were used for challenging the beans genotypes under contro...
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced from America into Tanzania approximately 3... more The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced from America into Tanzania approximately 300 years ago. Considerable genetic variation for morphological traits, and reaction to bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases exist in the germplasm. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variation in 45 common bean genotypes. Forty one accessions were collected from the Southern highland zone, Northern and the Eastern zones of Tanzania, four ALS resistant checks were obtained from CIAT. These were evaluated in agronomic and yield characteristics. They were screened against six Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc) Ferr isolates and characterized for nine morphological traits at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, in 2005. All 45 accessions were cultivated common bean of which 24 were large seeded and 21 were small seeded. The forty one adapted common bean samples investigated were collected from farmers, market places and research centres . And were taken to Sokoine ...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has two major origins of domestication, Andean and Mesoameric... more Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has two major origins of domestication, Andean and Mesoamerican, which contribute to the high diversity of growth type, pod and seed characteristics. The climbing growth habit is associated with increased days to flowering (DF), seed iron concentration (SdFe), nitrogen fixation, and yield. However, breeding efforts in climbing beans have been limited and independent from bush type beans. To advance climbing bean breeding, we carried out genome-wide association studies and genomic predictions using 1,869 common bean lines belonging to five breeding panels representing both gene pools and all growth types. The phenotypic data were collected from 17 field trials and were complemented with 16 previously published trials. Overall, 38 significant marker-trait associations were identified for growth habit, 14 for DF, 13 for 100 seed weight, three for SdFe, and one for yield. Except for DF, the results suggest a common genetic basis for traits across all ...
MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for model building and validation using ... more MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for model building and validation using dry bean seeds information from 2014
MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for cross-year model updating and testin... more MATLAB codes and representative pre-processed data files for cross-year model updating and testing using dry bean seeds information from 2015
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the wor... more Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the world. Developing salt tolerant rice ( Oryza sativa L .) genotype is one of the solutions to the problem of salinity. This experiment was carried out in the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture at SUA to assess the salinity tolerance of 8 rice genotypes at the seedling stage. Ion accumulation in plants and dry matter content along with molecular markers were used to evaluate the tolerance of each rice genotype. The genotypes were IRRI 112 , IRRI 124, FL 478, IRRI 113, IR65912-4B-10-3, IRRI 128, NERICA-L-19 and SUAKOKO-10. In this experiment, the genotypes were exposed to three salinity levels in a randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The salinity levels were 100 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 0 mM NaCl. The homogenous mixture of sand, farm yard manure and rice husk (ratio of 6:2:10 respectively) was used as the planting medium for all rice genotype...
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the wor... more Salinity is an ever increasing problem that reduces rice yield in many rice fields around the world. Developing a salt tolerance genotype is one of the solutions to the problem of salinity. This research experiment was carried at Crop Science Department at SUA to assess the salinity tolerance of 8 rice ( Oryza sativa L .) genotypes at the seedling stage to select susceptible parents for the introgression of saltol gene. The genotypes were IRRI 112 , IRRI 124, FL 478, IRRI 113, IR65912-4B-10-3, IRRI 128, NERICA-L-19 and SUAKOKO-10. In this experiment, the genotypes were grown at three salinity levels using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The salinity levels were 100 mMNaCl, 50 mMNaCl and 0 mMNaCl, and a homogenous mixture of sand, farm yard manure and rice husk (ratio of 3:5:10 respectively) as the planting medium for all rice genotypes. The soil texture was sandy clay-loam. Genotypes growth, biochemical accumulation and dry matter cont...
Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environ... more Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability. The randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Data on yield were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model was used to display graphical representation of the yield data and the yield stability index (YSi). The analysis of variance of the AMMI model indicated that environments accounted for 56.9% of the total sum of square; genotypes effect explained 9.2% and the G x E interaction effect accounted 8.9% of the total sum of squares for the 16 genotypes tested across three environments and were all significant (P < 0.01). The average grain yield were 2.7, 1.38 and 1.20 t ha-1 for Karagwe, Bukoba and Muleba respectively. According the results, the GGE biplot revealed that, the genotypes SSIN 1240, SAB 659 and DAB 21...
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2017
Soil salinity contributes to one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in mos... more Soil salinity contributes to one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in most of the irrigation schemes in Tanzania. Understanding farmers’ perceptions of soil salinity and its effects on crop productivity is important in promoting soil and water conservation practices. A study was conducted in Chanzuru and Ilonga villages in Kilosa District in 2016 to determine farmers’ perceptions on soil salinity problems in the District. Therefore, a socio-economic survey was carried out on 60 respondents. Data were collected using the semi-structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The finding of the study showed that farmers perceived salinity more on the basis of location than they did on the basis of socio-demographics. The main causes of soil salinity as perceived by farmers were poor quality of irrigation water and poor drainage systems. Some socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that significantly...
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Papers by Susan Msolla