The scientific researcher, Dr. Hemn Hassan Othman graduated from Sulaimani University with a Bachelor Degree in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery in 2001. He ranked 3rd in his alumni with a grade very good. Thus, he has been employed as a demonstrator by the Department of Anatomy and Histopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani for three years. In October, 2004, he started his post-graduate study for the degree of Master of Science in Pathology in the Department of Pathology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul. In December 2006, he obtained his master degree, following this; he served as a lecturer and head of Anatomy and Histopathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani for two years. Furthermore, he obtained his PhD from University Putra Malaysia on 2014 in the field of Pathology. His research areas include the development of evidenced based alternative medicine for cardiovascular disorders particularly atherosclerosis and using natural product for cancer therapy, as well as nanoparticles development for drug delivery. He is currently an assistance professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani. He has published more than 50 journal and proceeding articles, produced 2 patents and received 4 awards including Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals. Supervisors: Advisor
Nanotechnology is a far‐reaching technology with tremendous applications in various aspects, incl... more Nanotechnology is a far‐reaching technology with tremendous applications in various aspects, including general medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, and food production. Nanomaterials have exceptional physicochemical characteristics, including increased intestinal absorption, biodistribution, bioavailability, and improved antimicrobial and catalytic properties. Although nanotechnology is gaining ground in animal management, husbandry, and production, its wide use is still hampered by occasional toxicity and side effects. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) have long been utilized in animal production, aquaculture, and pet animal medicine. However, the use ZnO‐NPs in animals has been associated with reports of toxicity and side effects. ZnO‐NPs may have shown numerous beneficial effects in animals; its use must be regulated with care to avoid unwanted consequences. Thus, this review emphasizes the usage of ZnO‐NPs in animal production and laboratory animals and the potential side effects associated with the use of nanoparticles as a feed supplement and therapeutic compound.
ABSTRACT Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor s... more ABSTRACT Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor site and migrate to other parts of the body via the bloodstream, the lymphatic system, or by direct extension. In case of hepatocellularcarcinoma, cancer cells acquire the ability to penetrate the walls of lymphatic and/or blood vessels, after which they are able to circulate through the bloodstream (circulating tumor cells) to other sites and tissues in the body and come to rest at another site, they re-penetrate the vessel or walls and continue to multiply, eventually forming another clinically detectable tumor known as a metastatic or secondary tumor implant. Recently, antileukemia properties of Zerumbone (ZER)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization (HPH) techniques on acute human lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) cell line in vitro were investigated by fluorescent and electron microscopy, annexinV-FITC, TUNEL assay, cell cycle analysis and caspase activities. However, the aim of this investigation is to determine the anti-metastatic activity of ZER-NLC in experimentally induced hepatocarcinoma in BALB/c mice model using immunohistochemistry to detect special biomarkers such as CD31, VEGF, MMP9 and KI167.
Context: Zerumbone (ZER) is known to exhibit anticancer properties on various cancer cells both i... more Context: Zerumbone (ZER) is known to exhibit anticancer properties on various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-angiogenesis effect of ZER on liver cancers in vivo is not yet addressed clearly. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis effects of ZER using rats with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: The antiproliferative and anti-angiogenesis effects of ZER were determined using the hepatosomatic index, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoassay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Nontreated rats with HCC had higher median liver weight than those treated with ZER or suramin. The expression of VEGF, matrix metalloprotease, and Ki-67 that were high in nontreated HCC rats was down-regulated with ZER or suramin treatments. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analys...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2018
The white mulberry, Morus alba L. has been used by several Asian societies for the treatment of i... more The white mulberry, Morus alba L. has been used by several Asian societies for the treatment of infertility. However, there is no evidence that products of the plant can influence ovarian health. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Morus alba fruit extract on the ovarian function of nonpregnant and pregnant rats. The study showed that in rats Morus alba fruit extract stimulates follicular stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH), estrogen, and progesterone productions that peaked at 8 days of treatment. The effect was dose-dependent with hormone production increasing with increase in dose of the extract. The Graafian follicles were fully matured, and the number increased with increase in dose of the extract. The uterus of pregnant rats contained several embryos that gave birth to the full-term offspring without abortion or embryonic abnormalities. In conclusion, the Morus alba fruit extract can be used to induce superovulation to cause multiple preg...
Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing rapidly with innovative drug delivery systems to replace ... more Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing rapidly with innovative drug delivery systems to replace conventional delivery systems. Although, antitumor activity of zerumbone (ZER) has been reported, there has been no available information of ZER-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) affects murine leukemia cells in vivo. In a previous study, ZER was incorporated into NLC by high pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. Physicochemical characterization included particle size, polydipersity index, zeta potential, pH, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, stability study, and in vitro drug release, as well as physicochemical stability after being autoclaved and stored at 4˚C, 25˚C and 40˚C for 1 month, were examined. In this study, in vivo effects of ZER-NLC on murine leukemia WEHI-3B cells were investigated. The outcomes of histopathology, TEM and TUNEL assays of BALB/c leukemia mice revealed that the number of leukemia cells were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in spleen tis...
Based on data published in April 2011 by WHO about Deaths in worldwide, cancer is the third leadi... more Based on data published in April 2011 by WHO about Deaths in worldwide, cancer is the third leading cause of death (after heart disease and stroke) in most of developed countries and the second leading cause of death (after heart disease) in Malaysia . Therefore, one of the challenges for Malaysia and the whole world is carrying out research on cancer in order to find its causes and method for therapy and prevention of this disease. Metal nanoparticle synthesis using seaweed extract shows rapid and non-toxic process which resulted to nano sizes having the greatest potential for biomedical applications. The current study was aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of gold nanoparticles synthesized using water extract of brown seaweed; Sargassum glaucescens(Au/S.G-NPs). The effect of 3.65±1.69 nm Au/S.G-NPs were studied on HeLa (cervical cancer) and 3T3 (mouse fibroblast) using tetrazolium dye MTT assay. Later on, in vitro apoptosis effect was evaluated using fluorescent micros...
Zerumbone (ZER) is a naturally occurring dietary compound, present in many natural foods consumed... more Zerumbone (ZER) is a naturally occurring dietary compound, present in many natural foods consumed today. The compound derived from several plant species of the Zingiberaceae family that has been found to possess multiple biomedical properties, such as antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, evidence of efficacy is sparse, pointing to the need for a more systematic review for assessing scientific evidence to support therapeutic claims made for ZER and to identify future research needs. This review provides an updated overview of in vitro and in vivo investigations of ZER, its cancer chemopreventive properties and mechanisms of action. Therapeutic effects of ZER were found to be scientifically plausible and could be explained partially by in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities. Much of the research outlined in this paper will serve as a foundation to explain ZER anticancer bioactivity, which will open the door for the development ...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2016
Studies of the pathophysiological effects of suspected compounds are conducted in rodent species,... more Studies of the pathophysiological effects of suspected compounds are conducted in rodent species, especially rats and mice, to determine the potential toxic effects of a particular compound. In the assessment of acrylamide (ACR) which is available as a dietary compound in daily food stuffs, the potential toxicity was determined following the method described earlier. In this study, Albino Wister rats were used and were observed for clinical abnormalities, changes in food consumption, a n d s ymp t oms o f toxicity over a period of two months following the oral administration of ACR. Among the parameters used to assess the effect of ACR were include ovarian histopathology, blood sugar, haemogram and lipid profile. The most notable clinical abnormalities observed in a few rats were a rough coat and decreased activity. None of the rats died or showedbehavioural change resulting from treatment with ACR. The concentration of serum biochemical parameters and haemogram showed significant d...
Angiogenesis is a crucial area in scientific research because it involves many important physiolo... more Angiogenesis is a crucial area in scientific research because it involves many important physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, angiogenesis is critical for normal physiological processes, including wound healing and embryonic development, as well as being a component of many disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and diabetic retinopathies. Investigations of angiogenic mechanisms require assays that can activate the critical steps of angiogenesis as well as provide a tool for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Thus, angiogenesis assays are key tools for studying the mechanisms of angiogenesis and identifying the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate neovascularization. However, the regulation of angiogenesis is highly complex and not fully understood. Difficulties in assessing the regulators of angiogenic response have necessitated the development of an alternative approach. In this paper, we review the standard models for the study of tumor ...
Salmonellosis infection is caused by a Salmonella bacteria which was first found by Soholerin in ... more Salmonellosis infection is caused by a Salmonella bacteria which was first found by Soholerin in 1839, and it isolated by Eberth in 1880 from the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen of a person died from typhoid fever. Salmonella was cultured by Gaffky in 1888 by Salmon and Smith from pigs which had died of hog cholera. The disease can affect all species of domestic animals and man , but young, aged, debilitated, stressed, pregnant, and lactating animals and humans are more susceptible, while immunosuppressed individuals with concomitant illness and those suffering from malnutrition are especially at risk for Salmonella infection. Permanent carriers of infected individuals usually harboring the organisms in the gallbladder, billiary tract, liver spleen, lymph modes, rarely the intestine or urinary tract. Therefore, the aim of this mini review is to focus the main sources of Salmonella food poisoning together with the main routes of infection in human and animals.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
This study investigated the in vivo antileukemic activity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd@W.tea-NP... more This study investigated the in vivo antileukemic activity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd@W.tea-NPs) mediated by white tea extract in a murine model. The cell viability effect of Pd@W.tea-NPs, “blank” Pd nanoparticles, and white tea extract alone was determined in murine leukemia WEHI-3B cells and normal mouse fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of Pd@W.tea-NPs in WEHI-3B cells were evaluated. The effects of Pd@W.tea-NPs administered orally to leukemic mice at 50 and 100 mg/kg daily over 28 days were evaluated. Pd@W.tea-NPs reduced the viability of WHEI-3B cells with IC50 7.55 μg/ml at 72 h. Blank Pd nanoparticles and white tea extract alone had smaller effects on WHEI-3B viability and on normal fibroblasts. Pd@W.tea-NPs increased the proportion of Annexin V-positive WHEI-3B cells and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Leukemic cells in the spleen were reduced by Pd@W.tea-NPs with an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and cytochrome-C protein and mRNA levels indicating t...
Nanotechnology is a far‐reaching technology with tremendous applications in various aspects, incl... more Nanotechnology is a far‐reaching technology with tremendous applications in various aspects, including general medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, and food production. Nanomaterials have exceptional physicochemical characteristics, including increased intestinal absorption, biodistribution, bioavailability, and improved antimicrobial and catalytic properties. Although nanotechnology is gaining ground in animal management, husbandry, and production, its wide use is still hampered by occasional toxicity and side effects. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) have long been utilized in animal production, aquaculture, and pet animal medicine. However, the use ZnO‐NPs in animals has been associated with reports of toxicity and side effects. ZnO‐NPs may have shown numerous beneficial effects in animals; its use must be regulated with care to avoid unwanted consequences. Thus, this review emphasizes the usage of ZnO‐NPs in animal production and laboratory animals and the potential side effects associated with the use of nanoparticles as a feed supplement and therapeutic compound.
ABSTRACT Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor s... more ABSTRACT Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor site and migrate to other parts of the body via the bloodstream, the lymphatic system, or by direct extension. In case of hepatocellularcarcinoma, cancer cells acquire the ability to penetrate the walls of lymphatic and/or blood vessels, after which they are able to circulate through the bloodstream (circulating tumor cells) to other sites and tissues in the body and come to rest at another site, they re-penetrate the vessel or walls and continue to multiply, eventually forming another clinically detectable tumor known as a metastatic or secondary tumor implant. Recently, antileukemia properties of Zerumbone (ZER)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization (HPH) techniques on acute human lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) cell line in vitro were investigated by fluorescent and electron microscopy, annexinV-FITC, TUNEL assay, cell cycle analysis and caspase activities. However, the aim of this investigation is to determine the anti-metastatic activity of ZER-NLC in experimentally induced hepatocarcinoma in BALB/c mice model using immunohistochemistry to detect special biomarkers such as CD31, VEGF, MMP9 and KI167.
Context: Zerumbone (ZER) is known to exhibit anticancer properties on various cancer cells both i... more Context: Zerumbone (ZER) is known to exhibit anticancer properties on various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-angiogenesis effect of ZER on liver cancers in vivo is not yet addressed clearly. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis effects of ZER using rats with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: The antiproliferative and anti-angiogenesis effects of ZER were determined using the hepatosomatic index, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoassay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Nontreated rats with HCC had higher median liver weight than those treated with ZER or suramin. The expression of VEGF, matrix metalloprotease, and Ki-67 that were high in nontreated HCC rats was down-regulated with ZER or suramin treatments. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analys...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2018
The white mulberry, Morus alba L. has been used by several Asian societies for the treatment of i... more The white mulberry, Morus alba L. has been used by several Asian societies for the treatment of infertility. However, there is no evidence that products of the plant can influence ovarian health. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Morus alba fruit extract on the ovarian function of nonpregnant and pregnant rats. The study showed that in rats Morus alba fruit extract stimulates follicular stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH), estrogen, and progesterone productions that peaked at 8 days of treatment. The effect was dose-dependent with hormone production increasing with increase in dose of the extract. The Graafian follicles were fully matured, and the number increased with increase in dose of the extract. The uterus of pregnant rats contained several embryos that gave birth to the full-term offspring without abortion or embryonic abnormalities. In conclusion, the Morus alba fruit extract can be used to induce superovulation to cause multiple preg...
Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing rapidly with innovative drug delivery systems to replace ... more Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing rapidly with innovative drug delivery systems to replace conventional delivery systems. Although, antitumor activity of zerumbone (ZER) has been reported, there has been no available information of ZER-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) affects murine leukemia cells in vivo. In a previous study, ZER was incorporated into NLC by high pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. Physicochemical characterization included particle size, polydipersity index, zeta potential, pH, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, stability study, and in vitro drug release, as well as physicochemical stability after being autoclaved and stored at 4˚C, 25˚C and 40˚C for 1 month, were examined. In this study, in vivo effects of ZER-NLC on murine leukemia WEHI-3B cells were investigated. The outcomes of histopathology, TEM and TUNEL assays of BALB/c leukemia mice revealed that the number of leukemia cells were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in spleen tis...
Based on data published in April 2011 by WHO about Deaths in worldwide, cancer is the third leadi... more Based on data published in April 2011 by WHO about Deaths in worldwide, cancer is the third leading cause of death (after heart disease and stroke) in most of developed countries and the second leading cause of death (after heart disease) in Malaysia . Therefore, one of the challenges for Malaysia and the whole world is carrying out research on cancer in order to find its causes and method for therapy and prevention of this disease. Metal nanoparticle synthesis using seaweed extract shows rapid and non-toxic process which resulted to nano sizes having the greatest potential for biomedical applications. The current study was aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of gold nanoparticles synthesized using water extract of brown seaweed; Sargassum glaucescens(Au/S.G-NPs). The effect of 3.65±1.69 nm Au/S.G-NPs were studied on HeLa (cervical cancer) and 3T3 (mouse fibroblast) using tetrazolium dye MTT assay. Later on, in vitro apoptosis effect was evaluated using fluorescent micros...
Zerumbone (ZER) is a naturally occurring dietary compound, present in many natural foods consumed... more Zerumbone (ZER) is a naturally occurring dietary compound, present in many natural foods consumed today. The compound derived from several plant species of the Zingiberaceae family that has been found to possess multiple biomedical properties, such as antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, evidence of efficacy is sparse, pointing to the need for a more systematic review for assessing scientific evidence to support therapeutic claims made for ZER and to identify future research needs. This review provides an updated overview of in vitro and in vivo investigations of ZER, its cancer chemopreventive properties and mechanisms of action. Therapeutic effects of ZER were found to be scientifically plausible and could be explained partially by in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities. Much of the research outlined in this paper will serve as a foundation to explain ZER anticancer bioactivity, which will open the door for the development ...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2016
Studies of the pathophysiological effects of suspected compounds are conducted in rodent species,... more Studies of the pathophysiological effects of suspected compounds are conducted in rodent species, especially rats and mice, to determine the potential toxic effects of a particular compound. In the assessment of acrylamide (ACR) which is available as a dietary compound in daily food stuffs, the potential toxicity was determined following the method described earlier. In this study, Albino Wister rats were used and were observed for clinical abnormalities, changes in food consumption, a n d s ymp t oms o f toxicity over a period of two months following the oral administration of ACR. Among the parameters used to assess the effect of ACR were include ovarian histopathology, blood sugar, haemogram and lipid profile. The most notable clinical abnormalities observed in a few rats were a rough coat and decreased activity. None of the rats died or showedbehavioural change resulting from treatment with ACR. The concentration of serum biochemical parameters and haemogram showed significant d...
Angiogenesis is a crucial area in scientific research because it involves many important physiolo... more Angiogenesis is a crucial area in scientific research because it involves many important physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, angiogenesis is critical for normal physiological processes, including wound healing and embryonic development, as well as being a component of many disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and diabetic retinopathies. Investigations of angiogenic mechanisms require assays that can activate the critical steps of angiogenesis as well as provide a tool for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Thus, angiogenesis assays are key tools for studying the mechanisms of angiogenesis and identifying the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate neovascularization. However, the regulation of angiogenesis is highly complex and not fully understood. Difficulties in assessing the regulators of angiogenic response have necessitated the development of an alternative approach. In this paper, we review the standard models for the study of tumor ...
Salmonellosis infection is caused by a Salmonella bacteria which was first found by Soholerin in ... more Salmonellosis infection is caused by a Salmonella bacteria which was first found by Soholerin in 1839, and it isolated by Eberth in 1880 from the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen of a person died from typhoid fever. Salmonella was cultured by Gaffky in 1888 by Salmon and Smith from pigs which had died of hog cholera. The disease can affect all species of domestic animals and man , but young, aged, debilitated, stressed, pregnant, and lactating animals and humans are more susceptible, while immunosuppressed individuals with concomitant illness and those suffering from malnutrition are especially at risk for Salmonella infection. Permanent carriers of infected individuals usually harboring the organisms in the gallbladder, billiary tract, liver spleen, lymph modes, rarely the intestine or urinary tract. Therefore, the aim of this mini review is to focus the main sources of Salmonella food poisoning together with the main routes of infection in human and animals.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
This study investigated the in vivo antileukemic activity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd@W.tea-NP... more This study investigated the in vivo antileukemic activity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd@W.tea-NPs) mediated by white tea extract in a murine model. The cell viability effect of Pd@W.tea-NPs, “blank” Pd nanoparticles, and white tea extract alone was determined in murine leukemia WEHI-3B cells and normal mouse fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of Pd@W.tea-NPs in WEHI-3B cells were evaluated. The effects of Pd@W.tea-NPs administered orally to leukemic mice at 50 and 100 mg/kg daily over 28 days were evaluated. Pd@W.tea-NPs reduced the viability of WHEI-3B cells with IC50 7.55 μg/ml at 72 h. Blank Pd nanoparticles and white tea extract alone had smaller effects on WHEI-3B viability and on normal fibroblasts. Pd@W.tea-NPs increased the proportion of Annexin V-positive WHEI-3B cells and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Leukemic cells in the spleen were reduced by Pd@W.tea-NPs with an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and cytochrome-C protein and mRNA levels indicating t...
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