. A more accurate way to calculate power output from wind turbines based on fundamental Newtonian... more . A more accurate way to calculate power output from wind turbines based on fundamental Newtonian mechanics is proposed for testing. This contrasts with current methods regarded as governed by flows of kinetic energy through an area swept by rotating airfoils. Action mechanics measures torques caused by conservation of momentum of impulsive air streams on rotor surfaces at differing radii. We integrate the windward torque using inputs of rotor dimensions, the angle of incidence and strength of wind impulses on the blade surfaces. A reverse torque in the plane of rotation is estimated as radial impulses from the blade’s rotation. Net torque is converted to power by the angular velocity of the turbine rotors. A matter of concern is significant heat production by wind turbines, partly from leeward reactions but mainly from turbulent release of vortical energy. Use of wind farms as sources of renewable energy may need better practice, minimizing environmental impacts guided by this hypothesis.
A Reflectance Absorptance Transmittance (RAT) meter, developed for routine measurements of Abtλ n... more A Reflectance Absorptance Transmittance (RAT) meter, developed for routine measurements of Abtλ nm on leaves, was used to measure absorptance of algal films mounted on glass fibre filter disks for use in PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) fluorometry. Absorptance readings (Abtλ nm) are essential to quantitate the photosynthetic electron transport rate from PAM data and are also helpful if algal disks are used in an IRGA (InfraRed Gas Analyzer). Measurements were made on Synechococcus R-2 (Cyanophyceae), Acaryochloris marina (Chlorobacteria), Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae), Chaetoceros sp. (Bacillariophyceae) and Isochrysis sp. (Haptophyta) in blue (445 nm), green (525 nm) and red (625 nm) light. Plots of Abtλ vs. Chl a (mg Chl a m-2) or Chl d for Acaryochloris (mg Chl d m-2) of the algae followed exponential saturation curves (Abt%λ = Abt%λ, ∞ (1-e-k×Chl)) usually reaching asymptotes in the blue light used by blue-diode PAM machines. Synechococcus, Chlorella, Chaetoceros and Isoch...
A novel method for calculating power output from wind turbines using Newtonian mechanics is propo... more A novel method for calculating power output from wind turbines using Newtonian mechanics is proposed. This contrasts with current methods based on interception rates by aerofoils of kinetic energy to estimate power output, governed by the Betz limit of propeller theory. Radial action [mrωrδφ =@, J.sec] generates torques from impulses from air molecules at differing radii on rotor surfaces, both windward and leeward. Dimensionally, torque is a rate of action [(mrωδφ)/δt, MLT, Nm]. Integration of the windward torque [Tw, Nm] is achieved numerically using inputs of rotor dimensions, the angle of incidence (θ) of elastic wind impulse [δMv] on the blade surface, chord and blade lengths and the tip-speed ratio with wind speed. The rate of leeward or back torque [Tb , Nm] in the plane of rotation is estimated from radial impulses from the blade’s rotation on material particles, with magnitude varying with the square of the blade radius and its angular velocity. The net torque (Tw Tb) from ...
pH, salinity, temperature and some pCO2 data collected in Sydney Harbour at the Sydney Institute ... more pH, salinity, temperature and some pCO2 data collected in Sydney Harbour at the Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences facility at Chowder Bay. The pH data is derived from a fluorescence-based measuring technique. The dataset consists of two Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, each containing multiple worksheets. The first spreadsheet, titled Runcie et al. 2018 April2016 data.xlsx, contains data derived from experiments run at Chowder Bay, NSW, Australia, in April 2016. Measurements were taken from water pumped from approximately 1-2m depth to 2-3m above water level. Water was debubbled and run through a clear tube, fluorescence spots were installed on the inside of this tube for measuring pH and pCO2. Temperature was measured from water in the debubbler chamber prior to the measuring tubes. Flow through rates were high to minimise a temperature difference between measured water and the bulk seawater. The second spreadsheet, titled Runcie et al. 2018 December 2016 dataset.xlsx, contains data...
Australian researchers in marine biodiversity and ecosystem science have a disproportionally high... more Australian researchers in marine biodiversity and ecosystem science have a disproportionally high impact on global research as measured by their number of publications and their high profile leadership of international initiatives. At least 170 researchers from over 32 institutions contributed to this research which has a high uptake in government agencies and industries as this topic area is the basis from which the impact of human development is measured. Despite this, we know surprisingly little of our marine environment – only 5.2% of the seafloor in Australia's Commonwealth Marine Reserve network has been mapped to acceptable precision, and only about 10% of marine species has been identified. In order to improve and assess marine management initiatives in light of funding accountability, marine biodiversity and ecosystem research needs to be prioritized to fill the knowledge gaps that would have most impact on the diverse set of marine stakeholders. For example, monitoring...
Here we present the results of a multiple organizational level analysis conceived to identify acc... more Here we present the results of a multiple organizational level analysis conceived to identify acclimative/adaptive strategies exhibited by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica to the daily fluctuations in the light environment, at contrasting depths. We assessed changes in photophysiological parameters, leaf respiration, pigments, and protein and mRNA expression levels. The results show that the diel oscillations of P. oceanica photophysiological and respiratory responses were related to transcripts and proteins expression of the genes involved in those processes and that there was a response asynchrony between shallow and deep plants probably caused by the strong differences in the light environment. The photochemical pathway of energy use was more effective in shallow plants due to higher light availability, but these plants needed more investment in photoprotection and photorepair, requiring higher translation and protein synthesis than deep plants. The genetic differentiation between...
... The primary column was 15m0.32mmi.d. x0.25mm DBI701 (J and W Scientific) with hydrogen at 41 ... more ... The primary column was 15m0.32mmi.d. x0.25mm DBI701 (J and W Scientific) with hydrogen at 41 369 N m 2 as the carrier gas. ... et al., 1983 Subramanian et al., 1983 Subramanian et al., 1983 De Kock and Boshoff, 1987 De Kock and Boshoff, 1987 E1 Nabawi et al., 1987 El ...
. A more accurate way to calculate power output from wind turbines based on fundamental Newtonian... more . A more accurate way to calculate power output from wind turbines based on fundamental Newtonian mechanics is proposed for testing. This contrasts with current methods regarded as governed by flows of kinetic energy through an area swept by rotating airfoils. Action mechanics measures torques caused by conservation of momentum of impulsive air streams on rotor surfaces at differing radii. We integrate the windward torque using inputs of rotor dimensions, the angle of incidence and strength of wind impulses on the blade surfaces. A reverse torque in the plane of rotation is estimated as radial impulses from the blade’s rotation. Net torque is converted to power by the angular velocity of the turbine rotors. A matter of concern is significant heat production by wind turbines, partly from leeward reactions but mainly from turbulent release of vortical energy. Use of wind farms as sources of renewable energy may need better practice, minimizing environmental impacts guided by this hypothesis.
A Reflectance Absorptance Transmittance (RAT) meter, developed for routine measurements of Abtλ n... more A Reflectance Absorptance Transmittance (RAT) meter, developed for routine measurements of Abtλ nm on leaves, was used to measure absorptance of algal films mounted on glass fibre filter disks for use in PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) fluorometry. Absorptance readings (Abtλ nm) are essential to quantitate the photosynthetic electron transport rate from PAM data and are also helpful if algal disks are used in an IRGA (InfraRed Gas Analyzer). Measurements were made on Synechococcus R-2 (Cyanophyceae), Acaryochloris marina (Chlorobacteria), Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae), Chaetoceros sp. (Bacillariophyceae) and Isochrysis sp. (Haptophyta) in blue (445 nm), green (525 nm) and red (625 nm) light. Plots of Abtλ vs. Chl a (mg Chl a m-2) or Chl d for Acaryochloris (mg Chl d m-2) of the algae followed exponential saturation curves (Abt%λ = Abt%λ, ∞ (1-e-k×Chl)) usually reaching asymptotes in the blue light used by blue-diode PAM machines. Synechococcus, Chlorella, Chaetoceros and Isoch...
A novel method for calculating power output from wind turbines using Newtonian mechanics is propo... more A novel method for calculating power output from wind turbines using Newtonian mechanics is proposed. This contrasts with current methods based on interception rates by aerofoils of kinetic energy to estimate power output, governed by the Betz limit of propeller theory. Radial action [mrωrδφ =@, J.sec] generates torques from impulses from air molecules at differing radii on rotor surfaces, both windward and leeward. Dimensionally, torque is a rate of action [(mrωδφ)/δt, MLT, Nm]. Integration of the windward torque [Tw, Nm] is achieved numerically using inputs of rotor dimensions, the angle of incidence (θ) of elastic wind impulse [δMv] on the blade surface, chord and blade lengths and the tip-speed ratio with wind speed. The rate of leeward or back torque [Tb , Nm] in the plane of rotation is estimated from radial impulses from the blade’s rotation on material particles, with magnitude varying with the square of the blade radius and its angular velocity. The net torque (Tw Tb) from ...
pH, salinity, temperature and some pCO2 data collected in Sydney Harbour at the Sydney Institute ... more pH, salinity, temperature and some pCO2 data collected in Sydney Harbour at the Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences facility at Chowder Bay. The pH data is derived from a fluorescence-based measuring technique. The dataset consists of two Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, each containing multiple worksheets. The first spreadsheet, titled Runcie et al. 2018 April2016 data.xlsx, contains data derived from experiments run at Chowder Bay, NSW, Australia, in April 2016. Measurements were taken from water pumped from approximately 1-2m depth to 2-3m above water level. Water was debubbled and run through a clear tube, fluorescence spots were installed on the inside of this tube for measuring pH and pCO2. Temperature was measured from water in the debubbler chamber prior to the measuring tubes. Flow through rates were high to minimise a temperature difference between measured water and the bulk seawater. The second spreadsheet, titled Runcie et al. 2018 December 2016 dataset.xlsx, contains data...
Australian researchers in marine biodiversity and ecosystem science have a disproportionally high... more Australian researchers in marine biodiversity and ecosystem science have a disproportionally high impact on global research as measured by their number of publications and their high profile leadership of international initiatives. At least 170 researchers from over 32 institutions contributed to this research which has a high uptake in government agencies and industries as this topic area is the basis from which the impact of human development is measured. Despite this, we know surprisingly little of our marine environment – only 5.2% of the seafloor in Australia's Commonwealth Marine Reserve network has been mapped to acceptable precision, and only about 10% of marine species has been identified. In order to improve and assess marine management initiatives in light of funding accountability, marine biodiversity and ecosystem research needs to be prioritized to fill the knowledge gaps that would have most impact on the diverse set of marine stakeholders. For example, monitoring...
Here we present the results of a multiple organizational level analysis conceived to identify acc... more Here we present the results of a multiple organizational level analysis conceived to identify acclimative/adaptive strategies exhibited by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica to the daily fluctuations in the light environment, at contrasting depths. We assessed changes in photophysiological parameters, leaf respiration, pigments, and protein and mRNA expression levels. The results show that the diel oscillations of P. oceanica photophysiological and respiratory responses were related to transcripts and proteins expression of the genes involved in those processes and that there was a response asynchrony between shallow and deep plants probably caused by the strong differences in the light environment. The photochemical pathway of energy use was more effective in shallow plants due to higher light availability, but these plants needed more investment in photoprotection and photorepair, requiring higher translation and protein synthesis than deep plants. The genetic differentiation between...
... The primary column was 15m0.32mmi.d. x0.25mm DBI701 (J and W Scientific) with hydrogen at 41 ... more ... The primary column was 15m0.32mmi.d. x0.25mm DBI701 (J and W Scientific) with hydrogen at 41 369 N m 2 as the carrier gas. ... et al., 1983 Subramanian et al., 1983 Subramanian et al., 1983 De Kock and Boshoff, 1987 De Kock and Boshoff, 1987 E1 Nabawi et al., 1987 El ...
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