BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures o... more BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and periodontitis is poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate if an intake of dietary fiber modulates periodontal disease in animal models and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation, microbiota and their metabolites.MethodsAnimal studies using periodontitis models with any form of fiber intervention were included. Studies with comorbidities that were mutually inclusive with periodontitis and animals with physiological conditions were excluded. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms were finalized and performed on the 22nd of September 2021.CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus® and Web of Science Core Collection databases were used to identify studies. SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and CAMARADES were used for quality assessment. Results were synthesize...
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass various conditions affecting the heart and i... more Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass various conditions affecting the heart and its blood vessels. Some CVDs, such as ischemic heart disease, angina, stroke, and atherosclerosis, are often linked with oral microbes. The link between the oral cavity and CVDs is complex. Certain pathogenic oral microbes invade the systemic circulation via bacteraemia or other methods and can significantly increase pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Studies have linked oral microbes, systemic inflammation and immune cross-reactivity in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. Our secondary data analysis aimed to identify oral bacteria from other non-oral sites (i.e. gut, arterial plaque and cultured blood) that could be linked with CVDs. Methods: Taxonomic profiling of the entire data set was performed using Kaiju software; bacteria were identified to the species level and compared with the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). The oral bacteria in the gut, cultured blood and arterial pla...
Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic con... more Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy. This narrative review presents the theoretical evidence on the impact of dietary protein and amino acid composition on oral health, and their combined impact on overall health in older adults.
Background: Gum disease (periodontitis) is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and treatment has ... more Background: Gum disease (periodontitis) is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and treatment has been shown to improve markers of glucose management. The translocation of oral bacteria to the gut or other tissues (i.e., foot ulcer) may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes mellitus Aims: This secondary analysis of metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic studies within the last ten years (2011-2021) aims to identify bacteria of oral origin in the gut and foot ulcers of patients with diabetes mellitus and explore a potential pathway how gum disease and diabetes mellitus are connected.Method: An electronic search was conducted in Medline on the Ovid platform (updated in June 2022). Studies with whole-metagenomic or meta-transcriptomic data at the species level in populations of all ages and genders with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications such as diabetic foot ulcers were included. Patient demographics, diabetic status and bacteria detected in faecal or...
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds formed when excess sugars cond... more Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds formed when excess sugars condense with the amino groups of nucleic acids and proteins. Increased AGEs are associated with insulin resistance and poor glycemic control. Recently, inflamed periodontal tissues and certain oral bacteria were observed to increase the local and systemic AGE levels in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals. Although hyperglycemia induced AGE and its effect on the periodontal tissues is known, periodontitis as an endogenous source of AGE formation is not well explored. Hence, this systematic review is aimed to explore, for the first time, whether inflamed periodontal tissues and periodontal pathogens have the capacity to modulate AGE levels in individuals with or without T2DM and how this affects the glycemic load. Six electronic databases were searched using the following keywords: (Periodontitis OR Periodontal disease OR Periodontal Inflammation) AND (Diabetes mellitus OR Hyperg...
Context Consumption of dietary macronutrients is associated with the progression of a wide range ... more Context Consumption of dietary macronutrients is associated with the progression of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, either by direct modulation of host immune response or via microbiome. This includes periodontitis, a disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. Objective The aim of this work was to systematically review studies focusing on the effect of macronutrient (ie, carbohydrate, protein, fat) intake on periodontitis in rodents. Data Sources Electronic searches were performed in February 2021 using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Out of 883 articles reviewed, 23 studies were selected for additional analysis. Data Extraction Investigators extracted relevant data, including author names; the year of publication; article title; macronutrient composition; number and species of animals and their age at the start of the experiment; intervention period; method of periodontitis induction; and primary and secondary periodontitis outcomes. Quality assessment was done usi...
The aim was to assess two macronutrient interventions in a 2x2 factorial dietary design to determ... more The aim was to assess two macronutrient interventions in a 2x2 factorial dietary design to determine their effects on oral health. Participants (65-75 years old) with a BMI between 20-35 kg/m2 of a larger RCT who consented to an oral health assessment were recruited. They had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets (omnivorous higher fat or higher carbohydrate, semi-vegetarian higher fat or higher carbohydrate) for 4 weeks. Periodontal examination included periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing. Oral plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected before and after the intervention. Between baseline and follow up the number of sites with a CAL <5 mm (mean difference (MD) -5.11±9.68, P=0.039) increased and the GCF amount (MD -23.42±39.42 Periotron Units (PU), P=0.050) decreased for the semi-vegetarian high fat diet. For the mean proportion of sites with PPD reduction >1 mm and CAL gain >1 mm significant differences were calculated between the diets investigated. The clinical parameters were not associated with changes of the oral microbiota. The results of this study provided evidence that a semi-vegetarian higher fat diet provides benefits to clinical parameters of periodontal health. ACTRN12616001606471. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice tha... more The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice that lack the desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH peptides (Pomctm1/tm1) develop obesity. This effect is exacerbated by a high fat diet (HFD). However, development of obesity in femalePomctm1/tm1mice during chronic HFD conditions is not fully accounted for by the increased energy intake. We hypothesized that the protection against chronic HFD-induced obesity imparted by MSH peptides in females is mediated by sex-specific alterations in the gut structure and gut microbiota. We determined that female WT mice had reduced jejunum villus length and increased crypt depth in response to chronic HFD. WT males andPomctm1/tm1mice lacked this adaptation to a chronic HFD. BothPomctm1/tm1genotype and chronic HFD were significantly associated with gut microbiota composition. Sex-specific associations betweenPomctm1/tm1genotype and gut microbiota were observed in the presence of a chronic HFD.Pomctm1/tm1females had...
BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures o... more BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and periodontitis is poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate if an intake of dietary fiber modulates periodontal disease in animal models and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation, microbiota and their metabolites.MethodsAnimal studies using periodontitis models with any form of fiber intervention were included. Studies with comorbidities that were mutually inclusive with periodontitis and animals with physiological conditions were excluded. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms were finalized and performed on the 22nd of September 2021.CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus® and Web of Science Core Collection databases were used to identify studies. SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and CAMARADES were used for quality assessment. Results were synthesize...
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass various conditions affecting the heart and i... more Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass various conditions affecting the heart and its blood vessels. Some CVDs, such as ischemic heart disease, angina, stroke, and atherosclerosis, are often linked with oral microbes. The link between the oral cavity and CVDs is complex. Certain pathogenic oral microbes invade the systemic circulation via bacteraemia or other methods and can significantly increase pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Studies have linked oral microbes, systemic inflammation and immune cross-reactivity in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. Our secondary data analysis aimed to identify oral bacteria from other non-oral sites (i.e. gut, arterial plaque and cultured blood) that could be linked with CVDs. Methods: Taxonomic profiling of the entire data set was performed using Kaiju software; bacteria were identified to the species level and compared with the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). The oral bacteria in the gut, cultured blood and arterial pla...
Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic con... more Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy. This narrative review presents the theoretical evidence on the impact of dietary protein and amino acid composition on oral health, and their combined impact on overall health in older adults.
Background: Gum disease (periodontitis) is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and treatment has ... more Background: Gum disease (periodontitis) is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and treatment has been shown to improve markers of glucose management. The translocation of oral bacteria to the gut or other tissues (i.e., foot ulcer) may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes mellitus Aims: This secondary analysis of metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic studies within the last ten years (2011-2021) aims to identify bacteria of oral origin in the gut and foot ulcers of patients with diabetes mellitus and explore a potential pathway how gum disease and diabetes mellitus are connected.Method: An electronic search was conducted in Medline on the Ovid platform (updated in June 2022). Studies with whole-metagenomic or meta-transcriptomic data at the species level in populations of all ages and genders with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications such as diabetic foot ulcers were included. Patient demographics, diabetic status and bacteria detected in faecal or...
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds formed when excess sugars cond... more Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds formed when excess sugars condense with the amino groups of nucleic acids and proteins. Increased AGEs are associated with insulin resistance and poor glycemic control. Recently, inflamed periodontal tissues and certain oral bacteria were observed to increase the local and systemic AGE levels in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals. Although hyperglycemia induced AGE and its effect on the periodontal tissues is known, periodontitis as an endogenous source of AGE formation is not well explored. Hence, this systematic review is aimed to explore, for the first time, whether inflamed periodontal tissues and periodontal pathogens have the capacity to modulate AGE levels in individuals with or without T2DM and how this affects the glycemic load. Six electronic databases were searched using the following keywords: (Periodontitis OR Periodontal disease OR Periodontal Inflammation) AND (Diabetes mellitus OR Hyperg...
Context Consumption of dietary macronutrients is associated with the progression of a wide range ... more Context Consumption of dietary macronutrients is associated with the progression of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, either by direct modulation of host immune response or via microbiome. This includes periodontitis, a disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. Objective The aim of this work was to systematically review studies focusing on the effect of macronutrient (ie, carbohydrate, protein, fat) intake on periodontitis in rodents. Data Sources Electronic searches were performed in February 2021 using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Out of 883 articles reviewed, 23 studies were selected for additional analysis. Data Extraction Investigators extracted relevant data, including author names; the year of publication; article title; macronutrient composition; number and species of animals and their age at the start of the experiment; intervention period; method of periodontitis induction; and primary and secondary periodontitis outcomes. Quality assessment was done usi...
The aim was to assess two macronutrient interventions in a 2x2 factorial dietary design to determ... more The aim was to assess two macronutrient interventions in a 2x2 factorial dietary design to determine their effects on oral health. Participants (65-75 years old) with a BMI between 20-35 kg/m2 of a larger RCT who consented to an oral health assessment were recruited. They had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets (omnivorous higher fat or higher carbohydrate, semi-vegetarian higher fat or higher carbohydrate) for 4 weeks. Periodontal examination included periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing. Oral plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected before and after the intervention. Between baseline and follow up the number of sites with a CAL <5 mm (mean difference (MD) -5.11±9.68, P=0.039) increased and the GCF amount (MD -23.42±39.42 Periotron Units (PU), P=0.050) decreased for the semi-vegetarian high fat diet. For the mean proportion of sites with PPD reduction >1 mm and CAL gain >1 mm significant differences were calculated between the diets investigated. The clinical parameters were not associated with changes of the oral microbiota. The results of this study provided evidence that a semi-vegetarian higher fat diet provides benefits to clinical parameters of periodontal health. ACTRN12616001606471. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice tha... more The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice that lack the desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH peptides (Pomctm1/tm1) develop obesity. This effect is exacerbated by a high fat diet (HFD). However, development of obesity in femalePomctm1/tm1mice during chronic HFD conditions is not fully accounted for by the increased energy intake. We hypothesized that the protection against chronic HFD-induced obesity imparted by MSH peptides in females is mediated by sex-specific alterations in the gut structure and gut microbiota. We determined that female WT mice had reduced jejunum villus length and increased crypt depth in response to chronic HFD. WT males andPomctm1/tm1mice lacked this adaptation to a chronic HFD. BothPomctm1/tm1genotype and chronic HFD were significantly associated with gut microbiota composition. Sex-specific associations betweenPomctm1/tm1genotype and gut microbiota were observed in the presence of a chronic HFD.Pomctm1/tm1females had...
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