This prospective study examined the convergent validity and responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5 Dimen... more This prospective study examined the convergent validity and responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5 Dimensions Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D) utility weights in stroke survivors at the subacute stage. Repeated assessments were conducted in rehabilitation wards of a medical centre. A study cohort was recruited from inpatients (n = 478). A total of 342 participants (71.5%) completed 2 assessments; 1 at ward admission and 1 before hospital discharge. Outcome measures, including the Barthel Index (BI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and EQ-5D, were administered at ward admission and before hospital discharge. The validity of the EQ-5D utility weights was assessed by comparison with the scores of the BI and PHQ-9. The absolute values of Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.52 for the association of EQ-5D utility weights with BI scores and PHQ-9 scores at admission and before hospital discharge. The EQ-5D utility weights had a moderate effect size (0.76), moderate standardiz...
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Dec 25, 2016
To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of a quick balance measure, the Hierarchical... more To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of a quick balance measure, the Hierarchical Balance Short Forms (HBSF), in outpatients with stroke receiving rehabilitation. A repeated-assessments design (1wk apart) was used to examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the HBSF. The HBSF was administered by a single rater in the intrarater reliability study and by 2 raters in the interrater reliability study. The raters had sufficient working experience in stroke rehabilitation. Seven teaching hospitals. Two independent groups of outpatients (N=106; each group, n=53) with stroke in chronic stages and in stable medical condition were recruited. Not applicable. HBSF. For the intrarater reliability study, the values of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), minimal detectable change (MDC), and percentage of minimal detectable change (MDC%) were .95, 1.02, and 16.3%, respectively, for the HBSF. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the HBSF ranged from -.69 to 1.19...
BackgroundThe group-level responsiveness of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PA... more BackgroundThe group-level responsiveness of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) is similar to that of the short-form PASS (SFPASS). This result is counterintuitive because the PASS has more items (12) and response levels (4) than does the SFPASS (5 items and 3 response levels).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare individual-level responsiveness between both measures to determine whether the SFPASS can detect change with as much sensitivity as the PASS.Study Design and SettingTwo hundred fifty-one patients were assessed using the PASS at 14 and 30 days after stroke onset in a medical center.MethodsThe SFPASS scores were calculated from the patients’ responses on the PASS. Individual-level responsiveness was calculated on the basis of the value of minimal detectable change (MDC). If a patient’s change score was greater than the MDC of the PASS or SFPASS, his or her improvement was considered significant. The difference in the number of patients scorin...
Objective. To investigate the test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference (SRD) of 3... more Objective. To investigate the test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference (SRD) of 3 hand strength tests (grip, palmar pinch, and lateral pinch) and 2 dexterity tests (the Box and Block test [BBT] and the Nine Hole Peg test [NHPT]) in patients with stroke. Methods. The 5 tests were administered on 62 stroke patients in 2 sessions, 3 to 7 days apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the level of reproducibility between measurements on 2 sessions. The SRD was used to determine the extent of measurement error because of chance variation in individual patients. SRD percentage (SRD relative to mean score) was used to compare test-retest reliability across tests. We analyzed the group as a whole, then in 2 subgroups (hand spasticity vs none). Results. The test-retest reproducibility of all 5 tests was high for all the patients, with ICCs ranging from 0.85 to 0.98. The SRDs for the more/less affected hand were: 2.9/4.7 kg for the grip test; 1....
The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) is a frequently used measure that assesses instrumental activ... more The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) is a frequently used measure that assesses instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). However, the measurement properties of the FAI are largely unknown for patients with traumatic limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement properties of a Chinese version of the FAI, including score distribution, internal consistency, construct validity, predictive validity, and responsiveness in patients with traumatic limb injuries. We performed a secondary data analysis, primarily using non-parametric item response theory, on a data set. The FAI and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered via telephone interview to a cohort of patients at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. Totals of 342 patients' data (at 3 months after injury), 1,010 patients' data (6 months), and 987 patients' data (12 months) were available for analysis. After the deletion of 5 items (i.e., travel outings, gardening, household/car maintenance, reading books, and gainful work), the 10-item revised FAI (R-FAI) formed a unidimensional construct. The R-FAI exhibited a unidimensional construct at each of the 3 time points. The R-FAI had sufficient score distribution, internal consistency, predictive validity, and responsiveness in patients with limb injuries. Our results support the conclusion that the R-FAI has satisfactory measurement properties. The R-FAI is useful for assessing IADL in patients with limb injuries.
Importance: Several short forms of the Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0 (SIS 3.0) have been propos... more Importance: Several short forms of the Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0 (SIS 3.0) have been proposed in order to decrease its administration time of about 20 min. However, none of the short-form scores are comparable to those of the original measure. Objective: To develop a short-form SIS 3.0 using a machine learning algorithm (ML–SIS). Design: We developed the ML–SIS in three stages. First, we calculated the frequencies of items having the highest contribution to predicting the original domain scores across 50 deep neural networks. Second, we iteratively selected the items showing the highest frequency until the coefficient of determination (R2) of each domain was ≥.90. Third, we examined the comparability and concurrent and convergent validity of the ML–SIS. Setting: Hospitals. Participants: We extracted complete data for 1,010 patients from an existing data set. Results: Twenty-eight items were selected for the ML–SIS. High average R2s (.90–.96) and small average residuals (mean a...
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2022
Importance: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is one of the most widely used measures to assess pain... more Importance: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is one of the most widely used measures to assess pain and related impacts among patients with low back pain (LBP). However, its test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) have rarely been examined in patients with LBP, interfering with its utility. Objective: To investigate the test–retest reliability and MDC of the BPI among patients with LBP. Design: Repeated assessments design with a 1-wk interval. Setting: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a hospital in Taiwan. Participants: Fifty-four patients with stable LBP conditions. Outcomes and Measures: The BPI has two subscales—Intensity and Interference—that assess pain intensity and pain interference, respectively. Their test–retest reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and MDCs were calculated. Results: The ICCs of the Intensity and Interference subscales were .62 and .76, respectively. The MDC values for the two su...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Background: The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test (RSAT) is designed to measure selective att... more Background: The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test (RSAT) is designed to measure selective attention. It tests automatic detection speed (ADS), automatic detection errors (ADE), automatic detection accuracy (ADA), controlled search speed (CSS), controlled search errors (CSE), and controlled search accuracy (CSA). The purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, practice effect, and minimum detectable change (MDC) of the RSAT in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia completed the RSAT twice at a 4-week interval. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t test, and effect size were used to examine the test–retest reliability and practice effect. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC were calculated. Results: The difference scores between the two assessments were significant in all the indexes. The absolute effect sizes were 0.14 to 0.30. The ICCs of the RSAT ranged from 0.69 to 0.91. The MDC% in ...
Date Presented 03/28/20 This study aimed to investigate the relations between EF and social inter... more Date Presented 03/28/20 This study aimed to investigate the relations between EF and social interaction in preschool children. The results of the study show that accuracy in single and mixed blocks is significantly correlated with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors in preschool children with ASD. The results indicate that children with ASD who have better accuracy, not response speed, on EF tasks have less limited interests and fewer stereotyped behaviors. Primary Author and Speaker: Cheng-Chun Kuei-Cheng Contributing Authors: Chien-Ho Lin, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Yen-Ting Yu, Kuan-Lin Chen
Date Presented 03/27/20 Our results show that a slower response speed, not accuracy, on executive... more Date Presented 03/27/20 Our results show that a slower response speed, not accuracy, on executive function (EF) tasks is related to better social interaction in school-age children with ASD. Children with ASD reduce their response speed to maintain good accuracy. Therefore, the response speed could be a correlate of social motivation and communication for school-age children with ASD and should be included in their evaluation for better intervention planning. Primary Author and Speaker: Yen-Ting Yu Contributing Authors: Chien-Ho Lin, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Cheng-Chun Kuei-Cheng, Kuan-Lin Chen
Background and Purpose. An efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing motor function... more Background and Purpose. An efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing motor function in patients with stroke is needed by both clinicians and researchers. To improve administration efficiency, we applied the multidimensional Rasch model to the 30-item, 3-subscale Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) instrument to produce a concise, reliable, and valid instrument (simplified STREAM [S-STREAM]) for measuring motor function in patients with stroke. Subjects and Methods. The STREAM (consisting of 3 subscales: upper-limb movements, lower-limb movements, and mobility) was administered to 351 subjects with first stroke occurrence and a median time after stroke of 12.5 months. The unidimensionality of each subscale of the STREAM first was verified with unidimensional Rasch analysis. Each subscale of the STREAM then was simplified by deleting redundant items on the basis of expert opinion and the results of the Rasch analysis. The Rasch reliability of the S-STRE...
Background and Purpose— We compared the test–retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness of ... more Background and Purpose— We compared the test–retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Dynamic Gait Index, the 4-item Dynamic Gait Index, and the Functional Gait Assessment for assessment of walking in patients with stroke. Methods— Forty-five outpatients participating in the validity and responsiveness study were tested using the 3 walking measures as well as the 10-m walk test, Barthel Index, and Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients. We tested them during the first week, then again after 2 months and 5 months of therapy. Another 48 chronic patients completed the 3 measures twice, 1 week apart, in the test–retest reliability study. Results— Thirty-five participants completed 3 time-point assessments. The Functional Gait Assessment showed the least floor and ceiling effects, indicating it has the best discriminative ability for patients with stroke with high walking function. We found the 3 measures were highly correlated with each other, indicating excellent ...
Background and Purpose— To examine the effect of thermal stimulation (TS) on upper extremity (UE)... more Background and Purpose— To examine the effect of thermal stimulation (TS) on upper extremity (UE) motor recovery in patients at least 3 months after stroke. Methods— Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. In addition to regular rehabilitation programs, the experimental group received an UE-TS protocol for 30 minutes per day (3 days/week for 8 weeks); the control group received the same TS protocol on lower extremity. The UE subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement and the Action Research Arm Test were primary outcome measures. The Modified Ashworth Scale and the Barthel Index were secondary outcome measures. All measures were administered at baseline, after TS, and at 1-month follow-up. Results— Twenty-three participants (12 in the experimental group) completed the study. After treatment, the experimental group showed significant improvement compared to the control group in the scores of the UE subscale of the S...
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2012
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the trajectories of return to work (RTW) and examine the p... more OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the trajectories of return to work (RTW) and examine the predictors of different trajectories among workers following traumatic limb injury. METHODS: A total of 804 participants were recruited during hospital admission for a 2-year prospective study. The RTW outcome was repeatedly assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the injury. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was employed to identify trajectories of RTW among the participants. Comparisons of group characteristics of different trajectories were performed based on a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: GBTM identified three distinct trajectories of RTW: (i) fast RTW consisted of workers with early and stable RTW status from the first month after the injury; (ii) average RTW consisted of workers who achieved and remained at a stable RTW status within 6 months; and (iii) slow RTW consisted of workers who had slow and unsustainable RTW status within the 2-year follow-up perio...
This prospective study examined the convergent validity and responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5 Dimen... more This prospective study examined the convergent validity and responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5 Dimensions Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D) utility weights in stroke survivors at the subacute stage. Repeated assessments were conducted in rehabilitation wards of a medical centre. A study cohort was recruited from inpatients (n = 478). A total of 342 participants (71.5%) completed 2 assessments; 1 at ward admission and 1 before hospital discharge. Outcome measures, including the Barthel Index (BI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and EQ-5D, were administered at ward admission and before hospital discharge. The validity of the EQ-5D utility weights was assessed by comparison with the scores of the BI and PHQ-9. The absolute values of Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.52 for the association of EQ-5D utility weights with BI scores and PHQ-9 scores at admission and before hospital discharge. The EQ-5D utility weights had a moderate effect size (0.76), moderate standardiz...
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Dec 25, 2016
To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of a quick balance measure, the Hierarchical... more To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of a quick balance measure, the Hierarchical Balance Short Forms (HBSF), in outpatients with stroke receiving rehabilitation. A repeated-assessments design (1wk apart) was used to examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the HBSF. The HBSF was administered by a single rater in the intrarater reliability study and by 2 raters in the interrater reliability study. The raters had sufficient working experience in stroke rehabilitation. Seven teaching hospitals. Two independent groups of outpatients (N=106; each group, n=53) with stroke in chronic stages and in stable medical condition were recruited. Not applicable. HBSF. For the intrarater reliability study, the values of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), minimal detectable change (MDC), and percentage of minimal detectable change (MDC%) were .95, 1.02, and 16.3%, respectively, for the HBSF. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the HBSF ranged from -.69 to 1.19...
BackgroundThe group-level responsiveness of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PA... more BackgroundThe group-level responsiveness of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) is similar to that of the short-form PASS (SFPASS). This result is counterintuitive because the PASS has more items (12) and response levels (4) than does the SFPASS (5 items and 3 response levels).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare individual-level responsiveness between both measures to determine whether the SFPASS can detect change with as much sensitivity as the PASS.Study Design and SettingTwo hundred fifty-one patients were assessed using the PASS at 14 and 30 days after stroke onset in a medical center.MethodsThe SFPASS scores were calculated from the patients’ responses on the PASS. Individual-level responsiveness was calculated on the basis of the value of minimal detectable change (MDC). If a patient’s change score was greater than the MDC of the PASS or SFPASS, his or her improvement was considered significant. The difference in the number of patients scorin...
Objective. To investigate the test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference (SRD) of 3... more Objective. To investigate the test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference (SRD) of 3 hand strength tests (grip, palmar pinch, and lateral pinch) and 2 dexterity tests (the Box and Block test [BBT] and the Nine Hole Peg test [NHPT]) in patients with stroke. Methods. The 5 tests were administered on 62 stroke patients in 2 sessions, 3 to 7 days apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the level of reproducibility between measurements on 2 sessions. The SRD was used to determine the extent of measurement error because of chance variation in individual patients. SRD percentage (SRD relative to mean score) was used to compare test-retest reliability across tests. We analyzed the group as a whole, then in 2 subgroups (hand spasticity vs none). Results. The test-retest reproducibility of all 5 tests was high for all the patients, with ICCs ranging from 0.85 to 0.98. The SRDs for the more/less affected hand were: 2.9/4.7 kg for the grip test; 1....
The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) is a frequently used measure that assesses instrumental activ... more The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) is a frequently used measure that assesses instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). However, the measurement properties of the FAI are largely unknown for patients with traumatic limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement properties of a Chinese version of the FAI, including score distribution, internal consistency, construct validity, predictive validity, and responsiveness in patients with traumatic limb injuries. We performed a secondary data analysis, primarily using non-parametric item response theory, on a data set. The FAI and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered via telephone interview to a cohort of patients at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. Totals of 342 patients' data (at 3 months after injury), 1,010 patients' data (6 months), and 987 patients' data (12 months) were available for analysis. After the deletion of 5 items (i.e., travel outings, gardening, household/car maintenance, reading books, and gainful work), the 10-item revised FAI (R-FAI) formed a unidimensional construct. The R-FAI exhibited a unidimensional construct at each of the 3 time points. The R-FAI had sufficient score distribution, internal consistency, predictive validity, and responsiveness in patients with limb injuries. Our results support the conclusion that the R-FAI has satisfactory measurement properties. The R-FAI is useful for assessing IADL in patients with limb injuries.
Importance: Several short forms of the Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0 (SIS 3.0) have been propos... more Importance: Several short forms of the Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0 (SIS 3.0) have been proposed in order to decrease its administration time of about 20 min. However, none of the short-form scores are comparable to those of the original measure. Objective: To develop a short-form SIS 3.0 using a machine learning algorithm (ML–SIS). Design: We developed the ML–SIS in three stages. First, we calculated the frequencies of items having the highest contribution to predicting the original domain scores across 50 deep neural networks. Second, we iteratively selected the items showing the highest frequency until the coefficient of determination (R2) of each domain was ≥.90. Third, we examined the comparability and concurrent and convergent validity of the ML–SIS. Setting: Hospitals. Participants: We extracted complete data for 1,010 patients from an existing data set. Results: Twenty-eight items were selected for the ML–SIS. High average R2s (.90–.96) and small average residuals (mean a...
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2022
Importance: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is one of the most widely used measures to assess pain... more Importance: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is one of the most widely used measures to assess pain and related impacts among patients with low back pain (LBP). However, its test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) have rarely been examined in patients with LBP, interfering with its utility. Objective: To investigate the test–retest reliability and MDC of the BPI among patients with LBP. Design: Repeated assessments design with a 1-wk interval. Setting: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a hospital in Taiwan. Participants: Fifty-four patients with stable LBP conditions. Outcomes and Measures: The BPI has two subscales—Intensity and Interference—that assess pain intensity and pain interference, respectively. Their test–retest reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and MDCs were calculated. Results: The ICCs of the Intensity and Interference subscales were .62 and .76, respectively. The MDC values for the two su...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Background: The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test (RSAT) is designed to measure selective att... more Background: The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test (RSAT) is designed to measure selective attention. It tests automatic detection speed (ADS), automatic detection errors (ADE), automatic detection accuracy (ADA), controlled search speed (CSS), controlled search errors (CSE), and controlled search accuracy (CSA). The purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, practice effect, and minimum detectable change (MDC) of the RSAT in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia completed the RSAT twice at a 4-week interval. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t test, and effect size were used to examine the test–retest reliability and practice effect. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC were calculated. Results: The difference scores between the two assessments were significant in all the indexes. The absolute effect sizes were 0.14 to 0.30. The ICCs of the RSAT ranged from 0.69 to 0.91. The MDC% in ...
Date Presented 03/28/20 This study aimed to investigate the relations between EF and social inter... more Date Presented 03/28/20 This study aimed to investigate the relations between EF and social interaction in preschool children. The results of the study show that accuracy in single and mixed blocks is significantly correlated with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors in preschool children with ASD. The results indicate that children with ASD who have better accuracy, not response speed, on EF tasks have less limited interests and fewer stereotyped behaviors. Primary Author and Speaker: Cheng-Chun Kuei-Cheng Contributing Authors: Chien-Ho Lin, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Yen-Ting Yu, Kuan-Lin Chen
Date Presented 03/27/20 Our results show that a slower response speed, not accuracy, on executive... more Date Presented 03/27/20 Our results show that a slower response speed, not accuracy, on executive function (EF) tasks is related to better social interaction in school-age children with ASD. Children with ASD reduce their response speed to maintain good accuracy. Therefore, the response speed could be a correlate of social motivation and communication for school-age children with ASD and should be included in their evaluation for better intervention planning. Primary Author and Speaker: Yen-Ting Yu Contributing Authors: Chien-Ho Lin, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Cheng-Chun Kuei-Cheng, Kuan-Lin Chen
Background and Purpose. An efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing motor function... more Background and Purpose. An efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing motor function in patients with stroke is needed by both clinicians and researchers. To improve administration efficiency, we applied the multidimensional Rasch model to the 30-item, 3-subscale Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) instrument to produce a concise, reliable, and valid instrument (simplified STREAM [S-STREAM]) for measuring motor function in patients with stroke. Subjects and Methods. The STREAM (consisting of 3 subscales: upper-limb movements, lower-limb movements, and mobility) was administered to 351 subjects with first stroke occurrence and a median time after stroke of 12.5 months. The unidimensionality of each subscale of the STREAM first was verified with unidimensional Rasch analysis. Each subscale of the STREAM then was simplified by deleting redundant items on the basis of expert opinion and the results of the Rasch analysis. The Rasch reliability of the S-STRE...
Background and Purpose— We compared the test–retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness of ... more Background and Purpose— We compared the test–retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Dynamic Gait Index, the 4-item Dynamic Gait Index, and the Functional Gait Assessment for assessment of walking in patients with stroke. Methods— Forty-five outpatients participating in the validity and responsiveness study were tested using the 3 walking measures as well as the 10-m walk test, Barthel Index, and Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients. We tested them during the first week, then again after 2 months and 5 months of therapy. Another 48 chronic patients completed the 3 measures twice, 1 week apart, in the test–retest reliability study. Results— Thirty-five participants completed 3 time-point assessments. The Functional Gait Assessment showed the least floor and ceiling effects, indicating it has the best discriminative ability for patients with stroke with high walking function. We found the 3 measures were highly correlated with each other, indicating excellent ...
Background and Purpose— To examine the effect of thermal stimulation (TS) on upper extremity (UE)... more Background and Purpose— To examine the effect of thermal stimulation (TS) on upper extremity (UE) motor recovery in patients at least 3 months after stroke. Methods— Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. In addition to regular rehabilitation programs, the experimental group received an UE-TS protocol for 30 minutes per day (3 days/week for 8 weeks); the control group received the same TS protocol on lower extremity. The UE subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement and the Action Research Arm Test were primary outcome measures. The Modified Ashworth Scale and the Barthel Index were secondary outcome measures. All measures were administered at baseline, after TS, and at 1-month follow-up. Results— Twenty-three participants (12 in the experimental group) completed the study. After treatment, the experimental group showed significant improvement compared to the control group in the scores of the UE subscale of the S...
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2012
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the trajectories of return to work (RTW) and examine the p... more OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the trajectories of return to work (RTW) and examine the predictors of different trajectories among workers following traumatic limb injury. METHODS: A total of 804 participants were recruited during hospital admission for a 2-year prospective study. The RTW outcome was repeatedly assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the injury. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was employed to identify trajectories of RTW among the participants. Comparisons of group characteristics of different trajectories were performed based on a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: GBTM identified three distinct trajectories of RTW: (i) fast RTW consisted of workers with early and stable RTW status from the first month after the injury; (ii) average RTW consisted of workers who achieved and remained at a stable RTW status within 6 months; and (iii) slow RTW consisted of workers who had slow and unsustainable RTW status within the 2-year follow-up perio...
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