Abstract Practicing engineers are hired, retained, and rewarded for solving problems, so engineer... more Abstract Practicing engineers are hired, retained, and rewarded for solving problems, so engineering students should learn how to solve workplace problems. Workplace engineering problems are substantively different from the kinds of problems that engineering students most often solve in the classroom; therefore, learning to solve classroom problems does not necessarily prepare engineering students to solve workplace problems.
ABSTRACT Access to post-secondary education, specifically in the technical, two-year institution ... more ABSTRACT Access to post-secondary education, specifically in the technical, two-year institution area, is a topic of growing interest in the country. Funding agencies, such as NSF, via the Advanced Technological Education Program (ATE), are supporting initiatives and research aimed at increasing the number of technicians and engineers and improving science, mathematics performance, and technological literacy among pre-college populations.
Abstract Problem-based learning (PBL) has been utilized for over 40 years in a variety of differe... more Abstract Problem-based learning (PBL) has been utilized for over 40 years in a variety of different disciplines. Although extensively researched, there is heated debate about the effectiveness of PBL. Several meta-analyses were conducted that provided a synthesis of the effects of PBL in comparison to traditional forms of instruction. This study used a qualitative meta-synthesis approach to compare and contrast the assumptions and findings of the meta-analytical research on the effectiveness of PBL.
Abstract Given the serious weakness of so much research in the field; the purpose of this panel i... more Abstract Given the serious weakness of so much research in the field; the purpose of this panel is to exhibit and discuss best practices in the five types of research most appropriately applicable to educational media improvement. The types chosen are: Qualitative Case Studies, Meta-Analyses, System-modelling and Simulation-running, and Controled Experiments. An expert in each area will present strengths and weaknesses of each methodology with examples.
In the first part of the chapter, we argue that the goal of formal education should be meaningful... more In the first part of the chapter, we argue that the goal of formal education should be meaningful learning. Meaningful learning is necessarily social, collaborative, intentional, authentic, and active. The result of meaningful learning lies in its cognitive residue, the learner'mental model.
Constructivism is a popular concept in contemporary teacher education programs. However, a genuin... more Constructivism is a popular concept in contemporary teacher education programs. However, a genuine concern arises with the concept's application because many teachers and teacher educators claim that knowledge is constructed, without appreciating the epistemological and pedagogical implications such a claim entails. This article employs Phillips'(1995) analytic framework that divides the pedagogical applications of constructivism into three distinct categories: the good, the bad, and the ugly.
Conceptual change is a popular, contemporary conception of meaningful learning. Conceptual change... more Conceptual change is a popular, contemporary conception of meaningful learning. Conceptual change describes changes in conceptual frameworks (mental models or personal theories) that learners construct to comprehend phenomena. Different theories of conceptual change describe the reorganization of conceptual frameworks that results from different forms of activity.
Abstract The development of epistemological beliefs and connected intellectual development are ke... more Abstract The development of epistemological beliefs and connected intellectual development are key functions of education and the last years showed an increase in research of how epistemological beliefs can get scaffolded by instruction. At the same time learning science as a discipline moves away from a General Theory to design instruction within a discipline and across disciplines. Prior research of the influence of different disciplines on epistemological belief development is controversial.
BACKGROUND Federal initiatives promoting STEM education to bridge the achievement gap and maintai... more BACKGROUND Federal initiatives promoting STEM education to bridge the achievement gap and maintain the nation's creative leadership inspired this study investigating engineering content in elementary education standards. The literature review concluded that common national P–12 engineering education standards are beneficial particularly amplified by the common core standards movement.
Abstract: Assessment of engagement of students relies heavily on self-report by students or time-... more Abstract: Assessment of engagement of students relies heavily on self-report by students or time-consuming visual observations. This research project describes an acoustical measurement of engagement and reports findings of an exploratory study on acoustical patterns of engaged students in team, lecture and informal learning settings.
For engineering educators who incorporate real-world problems into their teaching, it is essentia... more For engineering educators who incorporate real-world problems into their teaching, it is essential to understand real-world problem solving and the nature of problems for better design of the instruction. Prior research provided evidence that real-world problems involve many stakeholders, are complex, and have multiple solutions and solution paths. The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insights particularly into the structure/class of workplace problems and associated models of expertise.
Learning in complex and ill-structured knowledge domains requires accommodation of multiple persp... more Learning in complex and ill-structured knowledge domains requires accommodation of multiple perspectives embedded in authentic activities and the reconciliation of those perspectives with personal beliefs resulting in conceptual change. Cognitive flexibility hypertext systems support that process by enabling learners to explore authentic cases from multiple thematic perspective. Study 1 showed that knowledge exploration alone is insufficient to engage those conceptual change processes.
Abstract The Draw an Engineer Test (DAET) is a common measure of students' perceptions of enginee... more Abstract The Draw an Engineer Test (DAET) is a common measure of students' perceptions of engineers. The coding systems currently used for K-12 research are general rubrics or checklists to capture the images presented in the drawing, which leave out some of the richness of students' perceptions, currently only captured with an accompanying student interview.
Abstract: With the recent push for STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) educat... more Abstract: With the recent push for STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education in the pre-college setting, engineering design is emerging as a critical curricular component. Pre-college engineering instruction, including engineering design, can influence students' interest in STEM and ultimately career choices towards STEM fields. In this study, students in grades two to five completed context maps after participating in a pre-college engineering intervention.
Abstract: The Draw-an-Engineer Test (DAET) measures pupils' perceptions of engineers and engineer... more Abstract: The Draw-an-Engineer Test (DAET) measures pupils' perceptions of engineers and engineering. However, DAET data collection and analysis is inefficient, relying heavily on associated interview data requiring additional time and resources. The purpose of this study is to validate a comprehensive coding system developed to be used as a stand-alone measure of pupils' perceptions of engineering without an accompanying interview. Participants were pupils ages 8-11 who completed the DAET and then interviewed.
Abstract In this paper, we describe the design of a goal-based problem solving oriented interacti... more Abstract In this paper, we describe the design of a goal-based problem solving oriented interactive game on biodiversity. The audience is children ranging from age 6 to 14. We focus in our paper especially on a) the instructional design of the game and b) the support structures. We differentiate between modeling, coaching, scaffolding, and general support structures and focus especially on the design of scaffolds that were integrated in order to provide learners with feedback, guidelines, and help structure.
Abstract Although there is an increasingly interest for people to become technologically literate... more Abstract Although there is an increasingly interest for people to become technologically literate, there exists a technical knowledge gap between industry needs and workforce competencies, especially in developing countries such Colombia. That is why technological skills such as troubleshooting need to be developed. Moreover, learning technology skills may be used as a tool for learning new context-specific knowledge.
Abstract: Conducted among 73 second to fourth grade teachers who received one-week elementary eng... more Abstract: Conducted among 73 second to fourth grade teachers who received one-week elementary engineering education training in the INSPIRE Summer Academy at Arlington, this study investigated how these elementary teachers developed their pedagogical engineering knowledge (PEK) through engineering teaching practice in real elementary classroom settings. Data collected in this study include face-to-face interviews and an online open-ended survey.
Abstract The development of critical thinking is crucial in professional education to augment the... more Abstract The development of critical thinking is crucial in professional education to augment the capabilities of pre-professional students. One method for enhancing critical thinking is participation in role-playing simulation-based scenarios where students work together to resolve a potentially real situation. In this study, undergraduate nursing students were divided into small groups (2–3) to role-play a medical emergency (stroke) within a high fidelity simulation environment.
Abstract Practicing engineers are hired, retained, and rewarded for solving problems, so engineer... more Abstract Practicing engineers are hired, retained, and rewarded for solving problems, so engineering students should learn how to solve workplace problems. Workplace engineering problems are substantively different from the kinds of problems that engineering students most often solve in the classroom; therefore, learning to solve classroom problems does not necessarily prepare engineering students to solve workplace problems.
ABSTRACT Access to post-secondary education, specifically in the technical, two-year institution ... more ABSTRACT Access to post-secondary education, specifically in the technical, two-year institution area, is a topic of growing interest in the country. Funding agencies, such as NSF, via the Advanced Technological Education Program (ATE), are supporting initiatives and research aimed at increasing the number of technicians and engineers and improving science, mathematics performance, and technological literacy among pre-college populations.
Abstract Problem-based learning (PBL) has been utilized for over 40 years in a variety of differe... more Abstract Problem-based learning (PBL) has been utilized for over 40 years in a variety of different disciplines. Although extensively researched, there is heated debate about the effectiveness of PBL. Several meta-analyses were conducted that provided a synthesis of the effects of PBL in comparison to traditional forms of instruction. This study used a qualitative meta-synthesis approach to compare and contrast the assumptions and findings of the meta-analytical research on the effectiveness of PBL.
Abstract Given the serious weakness of so much research in the field; the purpose of this panel i... more Abstract Given the serious weakness of so much research in the field; the purpose of this panel is to exhibit and discuss best practices in the five types of research most appropriately applicable to educational media improvement. The types chosen are: Qualitative Case Studies, Meta-Analyses, System-modelling and Simulation-running, and Controled Experiments. An expert in each area will present strengths and weaknesses of each methodology with examples.
In the first part of the chapter, we argue that the goal of formal education should be meaningful... more In the first part of the chapter, we argue that the goal of formal education should be meaningful learning. Meaningful learning is necessarily social, collaborative, intentional, authentic, and active. The result of meaningful learning lies in its cognitive residue, the learner'mental model.
Constructivism is a popular concept in contemporary teacher education programs. However, a genuin... more Constructivism is a popular concept in contemporary teacher education programs. However, a genuine concern arises with the concept's application because many teachers and teacher educators claim that knowledge is constructed, without appreciating the epistemological and pedagogical implications such a claim entails. This article employs Phillips'(1995) analytic framework that divides the pedagogical applications of constructivism into three distinct categories: the good, the bad, and the ugly.
Conceptual change is a popular, contemporary conception of meaningful learning. Conceptual change... more Conceptual change is a popular, contemporary conception of meaningful learning. Conceptual change describes changes in conceptual frameworks (mental models or personal theories) that learners construct to comprehend phenomena. Different theories of conceptual change describe the reorganization of conceptual frameworks that results from different forms of activity.
Abstract The development of epistemological beliefs and connected intellectual development are ke... more Abstract The development of epistemological beliefs and connected intellectual development are key functions of education and the last years showed an increase in research of how epistemological beliefs can get scaffolded by instruction. At the same time learning science as a discipline moves away from a General Theory to design instruction within a discipline and across disciplines. Prior research of the influence of different disciplines on epistemological belief development is controversial.
BACKGROUND Federal initiatives promoting STEM education to bridge the achievement gap and maintai... more BACKGROUND Federal initiatives promoting STEM education to bridge the achievement gap and maintain the nation's creative leadership inspired this study investigating engineering content in elementary education standards. The literature review concluded that common national P–12 engineering education standards are beneficial particularly amplified by the common core standards movement.
Abstract: Assessment of engagement of students relies heavily on self-report by students or time-... more Abstract: Assessment of engagement of students relies heavily on self-report by students or time-consuming visual observations. This research project describes an acoustical measurement of engagement and reports findings of an exploratory study on acoustical patterns of engaged students in team, lecture and informal learning settings.
For engineering educators who incorporate real-world problems into their teaching, it is essentia... more For engineering educators who incorporate real-world problems into their teaching, it is essential to understand real-world problem solving and the nature of problems for better design of the instruction. Prior research provided evidence that real-world problems involve many stakeholders, are complex, and have multiple solutions and solution paths. The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insights particularly into the structure/class of workplace problems and associated models of expertise.
Learning in complex and ill-structured knowledge domains requires accommodation of multiple persp... more Learning in complex and ill-structured knowledge domains requires accommodation of multiple perspectives embedded in authentic activities and the reconciliation of those perspectives with personal beliefs resulting in conceptual change. Cognitive flexibility hypertext systems support that process by enabling learners to explore authentic cases from multiple thematic perspective. Study 1 showed that knowledge exploration alone is insufficient to engage those conceptual change processes.
Abstract The Draw an Engineer Test (DAET) is a common measure of students' perceptions of enginee... more Abstract The Draw an Engineer Test (DAET) is a common measure of students' perceptions of engineers. The coding systems currently used for K-12 research are general rubrics or checklists to capture the images presented in the drawing, which leave out some of the richness of students' perceptions, currently only captured with an accompanying student interview.
Abstract: With the recent push for STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) educat... more Abstract: With the recent push for STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education in the pre-college setting, engineering design is emerging as a critical curricular component. Pre-college engineering instruction, including engineering design, can influence students' interest in STEM and ultimately career choices towards STEM fields. In this study, students in grades two to five completed context maps after participating in a pre-college engineering intervention.
Abstract: The Draw-an-Engineer Test (DAET) measures pupils' perceptions of engineers and engineer... more Abstract: The Draw-an-Engineer Test (DAET) measures pupils' perceptions of engineers and engineering. However, DAET data collection and analysis is inefficient, relying heavily on associated interview data requiring additional time and resources. The purpose of this study is to validate a comprehensive coding system developed to be used as a stand-alone measure of pupils' perceptions of engineering without an accompanying interview. Participants were pupils ages 8-11 who completed the DAET and then interviewed.
Abstract In this paper, we describe the design of a goal-based problem solving oriented interacti... more Abstract In this paper, we describe the design of a goal-based problem solving oriented interactive game on biodiversity. The audience is children ranging from age 6 to 14. We focus in our paper especially on a) the instructional design of the game and b) the support structures. We differentiate between modeling, coaching, scaffolding, and general support structures and focus especially on the design of scaffolds that were integrated in order to provide learners with feedback, guidelines, and help structure.
Abstract Although there is an increasingly interest for people to become technologically literate... more Abstract Although there is an increasingly interest for people to become technologically literate, there exists a technical knowledge gap between industry needs and workforce competencies, especially in developing countries such Colombia. That is why technological skills such as troubleshooting need to be developed. Moreover, learning technology skills may be used as a tool for learning new context-specific knowledge.
Abstract: Conducted among 73 second to fourth grade teachers who received one-week elementary eng... more Abstract: Conducted among 73 second to fourth grade teachers who received one-week elementary engineering education training in the INSPIRE Summer Academy at Arlington, this study investigated how these elementary teachers developed their pedagogical engineering knowledge (PEK) through engineering teaching practice in real elementary classroom settings. Data collected in this study include face-to-face interviews and an online open-ended survey.
Abstract The development of critical thinking is crucial in professional education to augment the... more Abstract The development of critical thinking is crucial in professional education to augment the capabilities of pre-professional students. One method for enhancing critical thinking is participation in role-playing simulation-based scenarios where students work together to resolve a potentially real situation. In this study, undergraduate nursing students were divided into small groups (2–3) to role-play a medical emergency (stroke) within a high fidelity simulation environment.
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