Protostylids are superstructures on maxillary or mandibular molars, which have rarely been report... more Protostylids are superstructures on maxillary or mandibular molars, which have rarely been reported in literature, and the significance of their presence has also been underestimated. The dental practitioners may easily misdiagnose a tooth, with such conical tubercles as malformed tooth. Interestingly, this is neither a malformation nor an anomaly but rather an important morphological trait of an individual. Once in a while, one may come across such a distinct morphological trait without being able to diagnose. To the authors’ best knowledge, only one similar case has been reported previously, and the second such case internationally. Bearing all such facts in mind, the authors attempt to educate the readers towards the existence of such a trait so that it can be identified and studied in larger numbers. Hence, it is the authors’ endeavor to report an unusual case of dual cusped maxillary protostylid along with its clinical significance.
Each day, every human being ingests a large number of living microorganisms, predominantly bacter... more Each day, every human being ingests a large number of living microorganisms, predominantly bacteria. Although these organisms are naturally present in food and water, they can also be deliberately added during the processing of foods such as sausages, cheese, yogurt and fermented milk products. For several decades now, bacteria called probiotics have been added to some foods because of their beneficial effects for human health. Although only a few clinical studies have been conducted so far, the results to date suggest that probiotics could be useful in preventing and treating oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. This article summarizes the currently available data on the potential benefits of probiotics for general and oral health.
Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess ma... more Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition that has received considerable attenti... more Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition that has received considerable attention in the recent past because of its chronic debilitating and resistant nature. Over the past decades, dental researchers have reported overwhelming evidence about various etiological factors of OSMF. This has been the subject of controversy ever since Schwartz first described the condition in 1952. Areca nut is considered the primary etiology along with other local irritants like capsaicin, pungent and spicy food, nutritional deficiency, defective iron metabolism, collagen metabolic disorder and genetic predisposition. Association of iron deficiency anemia and OSMF is very sparse in literature. Here, we present a case report of a 58 year old male patient where the patient presented with OSMF where iron deficiency anemia was found to be the main etiological factor.
Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess ma... more Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HE) is an intermediate malignant potential vascular neoplasm wi... more Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HE) is an intermediate malignant potential vascular neoplasm with uncertain clinical behavior, wide variations in microscopic findings, and prognosis. According to the World Health Organization (2002) classification, epithelioid HE has been considered under malignant tumors which rarely metastasize. The epithelioid variant, the most aggressive one, has similar gender predilection and sporadic occurrence in children. The patients usually present with an asymptomatic oral mass whereas few cases may report with the painful bleeding lesion. We attempt to present a case in an adolescent male with previously never described biological behavior, diverse histopathological features, and immunohistochemistry findings.
Aim: Easy availability, overuse, and lack of reinforcement of the radiation hazards facts have un... more Aim: Easy availability, overuse, and lack of reinforcement of the radiation hazards facts have unknowingly resulted in overlooking of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) among many dentists. The current survey was designed to assess the awareness, concern, and practice of radiation protection in general dental practice. Materials and Methods: The survey involved 156 dentists in West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire consisting of a total of 28 items was employed. The obtained data were compiled systemically and significance of difference was calculated by Chi-squared test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17. Results: Bisecting angle technique and use of E-speed films with manual processing were the most common. The majority of the participants had no idea about the type of cone used (37.2%), tube current (37.8%), kVp 56.4% (88). Exposure time was equally variable with maximum variability in the case of digital radiographs. Use of lead ...
Background: Paul Ehrlich first described mast cells in 1878 based on their unique staining charac... more Background: Paul Ehrlich first described mast cells in 1878 based on their unique staining characteristics and large granules and are considered part of the immune system. When triggered by locally produced cytokines or bacterial products the cells can release a number of pre stored mediators. They are characterized by the presence of densely packed cytoplasm with bright red granules that stain metachromatically with Toluidine blue, Azure A, Bismarch brown and Thionin. Aim & Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the distribution of mast cells and correlate their presence with the state of vascularity and inflammation with the metachromatic dye- 1% Toluidine blue. Results: The distribution was predominantly mild in most of the cases (80.95% cases) and moderate / severe in19.05% cases. The distribution of vascularity was found to be mild in 12.6% cases, whereas in rest of the 87.30% cases, the vascularity was found to be increased. The concentration of inflammatory c...
Ackerman’s tumour commonly known as Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low grade variant of oral squam... more Ackerman’s tumour commonly known as Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low grade variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The oral cavity and larynx have been reported to be the commonest sites of involvement in the head and neck regions. VC is characterised with presence of minimal degree of dysplasia and biological aggressiveness, the principal etiological factor being tobacco usage. Its distinctive histopathological features make it exigent for diagnosis and build a close association between the clinician and the histopathologist. Hereby we report a rare case of verrucous carcinoma on the right buccal mucosa of a 48 year old male patient progressing into invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
Since decades, two dimensional (2D) imaging modalities such as cephalometrics, panoramic and peri... more Since decades, two dimensional (2D) imaging modalities such as cephalometrics, panoramic and periapical radiography have been the gold standard for diagnosing and treatment planning in dentistry. Nevertheless, this 2D representation has still left some queries unreciprocated which have set the goal towards three dimensional technologies. The advent of cone beam computed tomography is changing the vision of dentists towards the oral and maxillofacial complex. This article reviews this promising technology and its application in various fields of dentistry.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is considered to be an uncommon benign entity which was first r... more Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is considered to be an uncommon benign entity which was first recognized by Gorlin. Calcifying odontogenic cyst accounts for only 2% of all the odontogenic tumors and is a relatively rare lesion which is characterized by histological diversity as its clinical and radiological features are not pathognomonic. Here, we report a case of COC in a 45 years old male patient with a long standing swelling.
The modern scenario of ongoing successful organ transplantations has led to such patients present... more The modern scenario of ongoing successful organ transplantations has led to such patients presenting to their health care practitioners with oral complaints. Often these complaints are related to oral mucosal lesions or masses, which are either drug-induced or as a consequence of immunosuppression. Oral lesions in transplant recipients need to be identified, diagnosed, and treated efficiently in order to improve the quality of life and sense of well-being in these patients. This review appraises the recognition of plethora of oral problems that can arise in transplant recipients and their appropriate management by an oral physician.
Immunohistochemistry is a technique for identifying cellular or tissue constituents (antigens) by... more Immunohistochemistry is a technique for identifying cellular or tissue constituents (antigens) by means of antigen-antibody interactions, the site of antibody binding being identified by direct labelling of the antibody, or by use of secondary labelling method. Although histological analysis of Haematoxylin & Eosin stained tissue sections remains at the core of the practice of head and neck surgical pathology, immunohistochemistry has become a powerful tool in the armamentarium of the pathologist. The selection of antibodies for the immunohistochemical testing is made on the basis of their tumor specificity and the likelihood that they will react with the tumor under evaluation. IHC is a well-established ancillary technique to facilitate the diagnosis of infectious and neoplastic processes in animals. Immunohistochemical studies have traditionally focused on markers of specific cell and/or tumour type as aids in the diagnosis of specific tumours.
Scleroderma is a chronic incapacitating multisystem disease which is an outcome of organ-based va... more Scleroderma is a chronic incapacitating multisystem disease which is an outcome of organ-based vasculopathy and fibrotic complications. Though it is rare but has the highest case-specific mortality and serves as a reminder that much of the morbidity of autoimmune and inflammatory disease occurs due to fibrosis and resultant scarring. The clinical manifestations can be divided into those that are generally present in all cases, to a greater or lesser degree, and the features only present in a minority of affected individuals. We report here a case of progressive systemic sclerosis with characteristic radiographic findings.
The present study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiographs in the localiza... more The present study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiographs in the localization of mandibular foramen. Twenty five Indian dry human adult mandibles constituted the study material. Ten measurements were carried on each of them to evaluate the location of mandibular foramen with respect to adjacent anatomic landmarks. Panoramic radiographs were then made of the mandibles. Same distances were measured on the traced images of the radiographs. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test were applied to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of panoramic radiographs in localization of mandibular foramen. The mean distances measured on dry mandibles and panoramic radiographs showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was strong positive correlation between the measurements on dry mandible and panoramic radiographs. The panoramic radiographs can serve as a guide in locating the anterosuperior point of mandibular foramen on panoramic radiographs.
international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine, 2015
ABSTRACT Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a reactive, non-neoplastic tumor-like growth of soft tis... more ABSTRACT Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a reactive, non-neoplastic tumor-like growth of soft tissue often arising from the interdental papilla. It is one of the commonly encountered growths in the oral cavity and has been described in the literature as having unicentric/multicentric or non-ulcerated/ulcerated variants. It is believed to arise from gingival fibers or the periodontal ligament as a hyperplastic growth of tissue, which is still debatable. Here, we report and discuss the relevant clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of a curious case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in which the ossified component consolidated over a period and extruded from the superior surface of the growth.
International Journal of Contemporary Microbiology, 2015
ABSTRACT Immunofluorescence (IF) is a reliable biochemical staining technique for the detection o... more ABSTRACT Immunofluorescence (IF) is a reliable biochemical staining technique for the detection of antibodies, which are bound to antigen in the tissue or circulating in body fluids. Immunofluorescence techniques take advantage of the selectivity of antibodies for a specific antigen in order to detect target structures in cells and tissues. Fluorochromes, enzymes, radioactive and electro-opaque compounds are among the labelers most commonly used. These techniques are essential to supplement clinical findings and histopathology in the diagnosis of immunobullous disorders. The diagnosis of the subepidermal immunobullous diseases which include bullous pemphigoid, mucosal pemphigoid [cicatricial pemphigoid], epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, linear IgA bullous disease requires clinicopathological correlation; immunofluorescence methods provide a useful adjunct to light microscopy. They permit early diagnosis, treatment and subsequent monitoring of disease activity in patients with potentially life-threatening disorders. Immunofluorescence (direct and indirect) is a sensitive and specific method to detect in situ and circulating autoantibodies in autoimune vesicle-bullous and inflammatory dermatosis. It is considered to be an auxiliary laboratory tool in the conclusive diagnosis of the disease under investigation.
Protostylids are superstructures on maxillary or mandibular molars, which have rarely been report... more Protostylids are superstructures on maxillary or mandibular molars, which have rarely been reported in literature, and the significance of their presence has also been underestimated. The dental practitioners may easily misdiagnose a tooth, with such conical tubercles as malformed tooth. Interestingly, this is neither a malformation nor an anomaly but rather an important morphological trait of an individual. Once in a while, one may come across such a distinct morphological trait without being able to diagnose. To the authors’ best knowledge, only one similar case has been reported previously, and the second such case internationally. Bearing all such facts in mind, the authors attempt to educate the readers towards the existence of such a trait so that it can be identified and studied in larger numbers. Hence, it is the authors’ endeavor to report an unusual case of dual cusped maxillary protostylid along with its clinical significance.
Each day, every human being ingests a large number of living microorganisms, predominantly bacter... more Each day, every human being ingests a large number of living microorganisms, predominantly bacteria. Although these organisms are naturally present in food and water, they can also be deliberately added during the processing of foods such as sausages, cheese, yogurt and fermented milk products. For several decades now, bacteria called probiotics have been added to some foods because of their beneficial effects for human health. Although only a few clinical studies have been conducted so far, the results to date suggest that probiotics could be useful in preventing and treating oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. This article summarizes the currently available data on the potential benefits of probiotics for general and oral health.
Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess ma... more Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition that has received considerable attenti... more Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition that has received considerable attention in the recent past because of its chronic debilitating and resistant nature. Over the past decades, dental researchers have reported overwhelming evidence about various etiological factors of OSMF. This has been the subject of controversy ever since Schwartz first described the condition in 1952. Areca nut is considered the primary etiology along with other local irritants like capsaicin, pungent and spicy food, nutritional deficiency, defective iron metabolism, collagen metabolic disorder and genetic predisposition. Association of iron deficiency anemia and OSMF is very sparse in literature. Here, we present a case report of a 58 year old male patient where the patient presented with OSMF where iron deficiency anemia was found to be the main etiological factor.
Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess ma... more Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HE) is an intermediate malignant potential vascular neoplasm wi... more Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HE) is an intermediate malignant potential vascular neoplasm with uncertain clinical behavior, wide variations in microscopic findings, and prognosis. According to the World Health Organization (2002) classification, epithelioid HE has been considered under malignant tumors which rarely metastasize. The epithelioid variant, the most aggressive one, has similar gender predilection and sporadic occurrence in children. The patients usually present with an asymptomatic oral mass whereas few cases may report with the painful bleeding lesion. We attempt to present a case in an adolescent male with previously never described biological behavior, diverse histopathological features, and immunohistochemistry findings.
Aim: Easy availability, overuse, and lack of reinforcement of the radiation hazards facts have un... more Aim: Easy availability, overuse, and lack of reinforcement of the radiation hazards facts have unknowingly resulted in overlooking of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) among many dentists. The current survey was designed to assess the awareness, concern, and practice of radiation protection in general dental practice. Materials and Methods: The survey involved 156 dentists in West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire consisting of a total of 28 items was employed. The obtained data were compiled systemically and significance of difference was calculated by Chi-squared test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17. Results: Bisecting angle technique and use of E-speed films with manual processing were the most common. The majority of the participants had no idea about the type of cone used (37.2%), tube current (37.8%), kVp 56.4% (88). Exposure time was equally variable with maximum variability in the case of digital radiographs. Use of lead ...
Background: Paul Ehrlich first described mast cells in 1878 based on their unique staining charac... more Background: Paul Ehrlich first described mast cells in 1878 based on their unique staining characteristics and large granules and are considered part of the immune system. When triggered by locally produced cytokines or bacterial products the cells can release a number of pre stored mediators. They are characterized by the presence of densely packed cytoplasm with bright red granules that stain metachromatically with Toluidine blue, Azure A, Bismarch brown and Thionin. Aim & Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the distribution of mast cells and correlate their presence with the state of vascularity and inflammation with the metachromatic dye- 1% Toluidine blue. Results: The distribution was predominantly mild in most of the cases (80.95% cases) and moderate / severe in19.05% cases. The distribution of vascularity was found to be mild in 12.6% cases, whereas in rest of the 87.30% cases, the vascularity was found to be increased. The concentration of inflammatory c...
Ackerman’s tumour commonly known as Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low grade variant of oral squam... more Ackerman’s tumour commonly known as Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low grade variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The oral cavity and larynx have been reported to be the commonest sites of involvement in the head and neck regions. VC is characterised with presence of minimal degree of dysplasia and biological aggressiveness, the principal etiological factor being tobacco usage. Its distinctive histopathological features make it exigent for diagnosis and build a close association between the clinician and the histopathologist. Hereby we report a rare case of verrucous carcinoma on the right buccal mucosa of a 48 year old male patient progressing into invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
Since decades, two dimensional (2D) imaging modalities such as cephalometrics, panoramic and peri... more Since decades, two dimensional (2D) imaging modalities such as cephalometrics, panoramic and periapical radiography have been the gold standard for diagnosing and treatment planning in dentistry. Nevertheless, this 2D representation has still left some queries unreciprocated which have set the goal towards three dimensional technologies. The advent of cone beam computed tomography is changing the vision of dentists towards the oral and maxillofacial complex. This article reviews this promising technology and its application in various fields of dentistry.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is considered to be an uncommon benign entity which was first r... more Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is considered to be an uncommon benign entity which was first recognized by Gorlin. Calcifying odontogenic cyst accounts for only 2% of all the odontogenic tumors and is a relatively rare lesion which is characterized by histological diversity as its clinical and radiological features are not pathognomonic. Here, we report a case of COC in a 45 years old male patient with a long standing swelling.
The modern scenario of ongoing successful organ transplantations has led to such patients present... more The modern scenario of ongoing successful organ transplantations has led to such patients presenting to their health care practitioners with oral complaints. Often these complaints are related to oral mucosal lesions or masses, which are either drug-induced or as a consequence of immunosuppression. Oral lesions in transplant recipients need to be identified, diagnosed, and treated efficiently in order to improve the quality of life and sense of well-being in these patients. This review appraises the recognition of plethora of oral problems that can arise in transplant recipients and their appropriate management by an oral physician.
Immunohistochemistry is a technique for identifying cellular or tissue constituents (antigens) by... more Immunohistochemistry is a technique for identifying cellular or tissue constituents (antigens) by means of antigen-antibody interactions, the site of antibody binding being identified by direct labelling of the antibody, or by use of secondary labelling method. Although histological analysis of Haematoxylin & Eosin stained tissue sections remains at the core of the practice of head and neck surgical pathology, immunohistochemistry has become a powerful tool in the armamentarium of the pathologist. The selection of antibodies for the immunohistochemical testing is made on the basis of their tumor specificity and the likelihood that they will react with the tumor under evaluation. IHC is a well-established ancillary technique to facilitate the diagnosis of infectious and neoplastic processes in animals. Immunohistochemical studies have traditionally focused on markers of specific cell and/or tumour type as aids in the diagnosis of specific tumours.
Scleroderma is a chronic incapacitating multisystem disease which is an outcome of organ-based va... more Scleroderma is a chronic incapacitating multisystem disease which is an outcome of organ-based vasculopathy and fibrotic complications. Though it is rare but has the highest case-specific mortality and serves as a reminder that much of the morbidity of autoimmune and inflammatory disease occurs due to fibrosis and resultant scarring. The clinical manifestations can be divided into those that are generally present in all cases, to a greater or lesser degree, and the features only present in a minority of affected individuals. We report here a case of progressive systemic sclerosis with characteristic radiographic findings.
The present study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiographs in the localiza... more The present study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiographs in the localization of mandibular foramen. Twenty five Indian dry human adult mandibles constituted the study material. Ten measurements were carried on each of them to evaluate the location of mandibular foramen with respect to adjacent anatomic landmarks. Panoramic radiographs were then made of the mandibles. Same distances were measured on the traced images of the radiographs. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test were applied to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of panoramic radiographs in localization of mandibular foramen. The mean distances measured on dry mandibles and panoramic radiographs showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was strong positive correlation between the measurements on dry mandible and panoramic radiographs. The panoramic radiographs can serve as a guide in locating the anterosuperior point of mandibular foramen on panoramic radiographs.
international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine, 2015
ABSTRACT Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a reactive, non-neoplastic tumor-like growth of soft tis... more ABSTRACT Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a reactive, non-neoplastic tumor-like growth of soft tissue often arising from the interdental papilla. It is one of the commonly encountered growths in the oral cavity and has been described in the literature as having unicentric/multicentric or non-ulcerated/ulcerated variants. It is believed to arise from gingival fibers or the periodontal ligament as a hyperplastic growth of tissue, which is still debatable. Here, we report and discuss the relevant clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of a curious case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in which the ossified component consolidated over a period and extruded from the superior surface of the growth.
International Journal of Contemporary Microbiology, 2015
ABSTRACT Immunofluorescence (IF) is a reliable biochemical staining technique for the detection o... more ABSTRACT Immunofluorescence (IF) is a reliable biochemical staining technique for the detection of antibodies, which are bound to antigen in the tissue or circulating in body fluids. Immunofluorescence techniques take advantage of the selectivity of antibodies for a specific antigen in order to detect target structures in cells and tissues. Fluorochromes, enzymes, radioactive and electro-opaque compounds are among the labelers most commonly used. These techniques are essential to supplement clinical findings and histopathology in the diagnosis of immunobullous disorders. The diagnosis of the subepidermal immunobullous diseases which include bullous pemphigoid, mucosal pemphigoid [cicatricial pemphigoid], epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, linear IgA bullous disease requires clinicopathological correlation; immunofluorescence methods provide a useful adjunct to light microscopy. They permit early diagnosis, treatment and subsequent monitoring of disease activity in patients with potentially life-threatening disorders. Immunofluorescence (direct and indirect) is a sensitive and specific method to detect in situ and circulating autoantibodies in autoimune vesicle-bullous and inflammatory dermatosis. It is considered to be an auxiliary laboratory tool in the conclusive diagnosis of the disease under investigation.
Iron is the most abundant essential trace element inside human body. Iron deficiency anemia is th... more Iron is the most abundant essential trace element inside human body. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. It reportedly causes reduction in working capacity, hampers mental development in growing children and young adults, and significantly worsens the quality of daily life. Nonpregnant women in reproductive age group and pregnant women are equally vulnerable to iron deficiency. Apart from systemic signs and symptoms like pallor, fatigability, palpitations, koilonychia, light headedness, and shortness of breath, oropharyngeal region can also provide important diagnostic clues to this systemic condition. Moreover, other oral conditions such as aphthous ulcers and burning mouth syndrome; premalignant conditions such as Plummer Vinson syndrome, oral lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis; and malignant disease such as oral squamous carcinoma have been associated with iron deficient state. This review appraises various signs and symptoms encountered within oropha-ryngeal region in the iron deficient state and underlying biological changes responsible for those clinical manifestations.
Uploads
Papers by Preeti Tomar Bhattacharya
significance of their presence has also been underestimated. The dental practitioners may easily misdiagnose a tooth,
with such conical tubercles as malformed tooth. Interestingly, this is neither a malformation nor an anomaly but rather an
important morphological trait of an individual. Once in a while, one may come across such a distinct morphological trait
without being able to diagnose. To the authors’ best knowledge, only one similar case has been reported previously, and
the second such case internationally. Bearing all such facts in mind, the authors attempt to educate the readers towards
the existence of such a trait so that it can be identified and studied in larger numbers. Hence, it is the authors’ endeavor
to report an unusual case of dual cusped maxillary protostylid along with its clinical significance.
in the recent past because of its chronic debilitating and resistant nature. Over the past decades, dental researchers
have reported overwhelming evidence about various etiological factors of OSMF. This has been the subject
of controversy ever since Schwartz first described the condition in 1952. Areca nut is considered the primary
etiology along with other local irritants like capsaicin, pungent and spicy food, nutritional deficiency, defective
iron metabolism, collagen metabolic disorder and genetic predisposition. Association of iron deficiency anemia
and OSMF is very sparse in literature. Here, we present a case report of a 58 year old male patient where the
patient presented with OSMF where iron deficiency anemia was found to be the main etiological factor.
significance of their presence has also been underestimated. The dental practitioners may easily misdiagnose a tooth,
with such conical tubercles as malformed tooth. Interestingly, this is neither a malformation nor an anomaly but rather an
important morphological trait of an individual. Once in a while, one may come across such a distinct morphological trait
without being able to diagnose. To the authors’ best knowledge, only one similar case has been reported previously, and
the second such case internationally. Bearing all such facts in mind, the authors attempt to educate the readers towards
the existence of such a trait so that it can be identified and studied in larger numbers. Hence, it is the authors’ endeavor
to report an unusual case of dual cusped maxillary protostylid along with its clinical significance.
in the recent past because of its chronic debilitating and resistant nature. Over the past decades, dental researchers
have reported overwhelming evidence about various etiological factors of OSMF. This has been the subject
of controversy ever since Schwartz first described the condition in 1952. Areca nut is considered the primary
etiology along with other local irritants like capsaicin, pungent and spicy food, nutritional deficiency, defective
iron metabolism, collagen metabolic disorder and genetic predisposition. Association of iron deficiency anemia
and OSMF is very sparse in literature. Here, we present a case report of a 58 year old male patient where the
patient presented with OSMF where iron deficiency anemia was found to be the main etiological factor.