IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Increasing green zones can be a suitable option to meet the challenges of growing cities. City au... more Increasing green zones can be a suitable option to meet the challenges of growing cities. City authorities in developing countries face a lack of reliable data on the status of urban trees and forestry. The objective of this study was to carry out a spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamics of urban green zones of Tashkent City using Landsat satellite images taking into account climatic changes. For this, we used methods of laying test plots in assessing tree-shrubbery vegetation, a technique for expert interpretation of land cover objects from satellite images of medium spatial resolution, and mathematical statistics. The statistical analyses showed that the temperature regime has the greatest degree of influence on the dynamics of NDVI, i.e. the onset of the growing season corresponds to an increase in temperature. Precipitation, in view of its unstable and uneven distribution in the study area, has a weak negative relationship with the phytomass of green zones. Spatial analysis re...
Agriculture contributes the most to the economy and provides agro-ecological benefits in the envi... more Agriculture contributes the most to the economy and provides agro-ecological benefits in the environmentally unsustainable Aral Sea region, but its productivity is steadily dropping. To improve the resilience of farming communities in the region, crop diversification is proposed to enable farmers to grow high-value competitive crops and obtain more stable farm incomes. This study provides long-term, multidisciplinary analyses and strategies for strengthening crop diversification amongst farmers in the Aral Sea region. The study analyzed data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the statistical yearbook of 2000–2020. According to the gross margin study findings, farmers who use diversified cropping systems made considerably higher revenues than farmers relying on mono-cropping practices. This study demonstrates that greater crop diversity contributes to the rational use of natural resources and optimization plans, environmental sustainability, and...
High-magnesium soils and waters are emerging environmental and agricultural productivity constrai... more High-magnesium soils and waters are emerging environmental and agricultural productivity constraints. Excess levels of magnesium (Mg2+) in irrigation waters and/or in soils negatively affect soil infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity and ultimately crop growth and yield. Although the levels of Mg2+ in irrigation waters and soils are increasing in several irrigation schemes globally, southern Kazakhstan has become a hotspot of such natural resource degradation. The productivity of magnesium-affected soils can be enhanced by increasing the levels of calcium (Ca2+) in the soil to counteract the negative impacts of Mg2+. Studies undertaken on the soil application of phosphogypsum, a major waste product of phosphoric acid factories and a source of Ca2+, have demonstrated beneficial effects of this soil amendment in terms of (1) improved soil quality through a reduction in exchangeable magnesium percentage (EMP) levels; (2) enhanced water movement into and through the soil vis-a-vis increased moisture storage in the soil for use by the plant roots; (3) increased cotton yield and water productivity; and (4) greater financial benefits. In addition to improving crop productivity, these studies demonstrated the beneficial use of an industrial waste material in agriculture. With the aim of addressing the challenge of achieving sustainable agriculture production from magnesium-affected environments, there would be a need for appropriate supportive policies and functional institutions along with capacity building of farmers, researchers, and agricultural extension workers.
In arid environments, water shortages due to over-allocation of river flow are often compensated ... more In arid environments, water shortages due to over-allocation of river flow are often compensated by lift irrigation or pumping groundwater. In such environments, farmers using pumped irrigation can deploy on-farm energy-efficient and water-saving technologies; however, pumping water requiring extra energy is associated with carbon emissions. This study explores how to increase crop production using pumped irrigation with minimal energy and carbon emissions. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to examine on-farm energy consumption and carbon emissions in gravity and groundwater irrigation systems; and second, to explore system-level alternatives of power generation and water management for food production based on the results from the farm-level analysis. This study employs a novel system-level approach for addressing water, energy, and carbon tradeoffs under pumped irrigation using groundwater. These tradeoffs are assessed at farm and system levels. On-farm level estimat...
ABSTRACT This paper argues that sequential in-channel reservoirs in the Syrdarya River Basin of C... more ABSTRACT This paper argues that sequential in-channel reservoirs in the Syrdarya River Basin of Central Asia are not sufficient to meet the needs of both upstream and downstream water users. Some of the consequences of the use of in-channel reservoirs include fresh water discharges into the saline depression and flooding of irrigated land in winter and water shortages in summer, which causes low water productivity. This study examines the feasibility of two alternative management strategies (1) building additional off-channel reservoirs, and (2) managed aquifer recharge (MAR). First, the potential for MAR in the upstream Fergana Valley is estimated through a regional assessment of MAR potential, field-scale pilot experiments, and simulation modeling. Second, the potential for MAR is analyzed for lift canal irrigation areas, which cover 70% of the irrigated highlands and the foothills in the river midstream, with a focus on energy use intensity and water and energy productivity. Third, the potential for building off-channel reservoirs and MAR is compared in the downstream portion of the river. Specifically for the Makhtaral Irrigation Project (MIP), a scenario of shifting from lift canal irrigation and groundwater extraction for drainage purposes is compared with groundwater irrigation and MAR. The MIP, located in the tail-end of the transboundary Dustyk Canal, faces waterlogging and salinity issues because of the shallow water table. The study concludes that transboundary cooperation in transboundary water transfers for MAR may increase the amount of water that could be stored underground. Overall, it is shown that there is a high potential for MAR in the Syrdarya River Basin with benefits at both the state and farm levels. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Along with pharmacological applications due to bioactive elements such as flavonoids and glycyrrh... more Along with pharmacological applications due to bioactive elements such as flavonoids and glycyrrhizin, licorice has positive influences on the rehabilitation, rejuvenation, and management of salt-affected degraded lands in arid regions. These features made this plant widely appreciated worldwide when climate change is showing detrimental impacts for crop production and food security. However, a growing demand followed by irrational harvesting of wild licorice plants has led to substantial dwindling of its natural habitat. There is an increasing need to protect the plant biodiversity since sustainability can be a problem with wild harvesting. Therefore, it is important to investigate cultivation technologies of licorice under harsh environments, while this plant can adapt to a wide range of climates. Thus, in this review, we studied, analyzed and summarized the literature on licorice cultivation methods counteracting the most common environmental stresses in the Aral Sea region. Part...
In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehr... more In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehran, Iran, 15-23 October 2011. New Delhi, India: ICIDICID Transaction No. 30-AFacing competition for limited water resources with domestic, industrial, hydropower and environmental uses, agriculture has to adapt to produce more food with less water. This paper proposes to apply water accounting procedure to identify the scope for water productivity improvement. The Fergana Valley, a highly productive area within the upstream of the Syrdarya River Basin, was selected to examine the proposed procedure. Significant non-productive depletions of water as evaporation at 31-34% of the available water were identified in the Fergana Valley. There is also flow to sinks and pollution in the downstream at 1-5% of the gross inflow due to the changes of the river flow regime, its quantity and quality, caused by the return flow from the irrigated land and the winter hydropower releases from the upstream...
The Syrdarya river is an example of a transboundary basin with contradictory water use requiremen... more The Syrdarya river is an example of a transboundary basin with contradictory water use requirements between its upstream and downstream parts. Since the winter of 1992-93, the operational regime of the upstream Toktogul reservoir on the Naryn river - the main tributary of the Syrdarya - has shifted from irrigation to hydropower generation mode. This significantly increased winter flow and reduced summer flowdownstream of the reservoir. Consequently, excessive winterflowis diverted to the saline depression called Arnasai, while water for summer irrigation is lacking. This study suggests to store the excessive winter flows temporarily in the upstream aquifers of the Fergana valley and to use it subsequently for irrigation in summer. It is estimated that groundwater development for irrigation could be practiced on one-third of the irrigated land of the valley, and conjunctive use of groundwater and canal water on another third; the rest will remain under canal irrigation. This strategy...
In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehr... more In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehran, Iran, 15-23 October 2011. New Delhi, India: ICIDICID Transaction No. 30-AFacing competition for limited water resources with domestic, industrial, hydropower and environmental uses, agriculture has to adapt to produce more food with less water. This paper proposes to apply water accounting procedure to identify the scope for water productivity improvement. The Fergana Valley, a highly productive area within the upstream of the Syrdarya River Basin, was selected to examine the proposed procedure. Significant non-productive depletions of water as evaporation at 31-34% of the available water were identified in the Fergana Valley. There is also flow to sinks and pollution in the downstream at 1-5% of the gross inflow due to the changes of the river flow regime, its quantity and quality, caused by the return flow from the irrigated land and the winter hydropower releases from the upstream...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Increasing green zones can be a suitable option to meet the challenges of growing cities. City au... more Increasing green zones can be a suitable option to meet the challenges of growing cities. City authorities in developing countries face a lack of reliable data on the status of urban trees and forestry. The objective of this study was to carry out a spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamics of urban green zones of Tashkent City using Landsat satellite images taking into account climatic changes. For this, we used methods of laying test plots in assessing tree-shrubbery vegetation, a technique for expert interpretation of land cover objects from satellite images of medium spatial resolution, and mathematical statistics. The statistical analyses showed that the temperature regime has the greatest degree of influence on the dynamics of NDVI, i.e. the onset of the growing season corresponds to an increase in temperature. Precipitation, in view of its unstable and uneven distribution in the study area, has a weak negative relationship with the phytomass of green zones. Spatial analysis re...
Agriculture contributes the most to the economy and provides agro-ecological benefits in the envi... more Agriculture contributes the most to the economy and provides agro-ecological benefits in the environmentally unsustainable Aral Sea region, but its productivity is steadily dropping. To improve the resilience of farming communities in the region, crop diversification is proposed to enable farmers to grow high-value competitive crops and obtain more stable farm incomes. This study provides long-term, multidisciplinary analyses and strategies for strengthening crop diversification amongst farmers in the Aral Sea region. The study analyzed data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the statistical yearbook of 2000–2020. According to the gross margin study findings, farmers who use diversified cropping systems made considerably higher revenues than farmers relying on mono-cropping practices. This study demonstrates that greater crop diversity contributes to the rational use of natural resources and optimization plans, environmental sustainability, and...
High-magnesium soils and waters are emerging environmental and agricultural productivity constrai... more High-magnesium soils and waters are emerging environmental and agricultural productivity constraints. Excess levels of magnesium (Mg2+) in irrigation waters and/or in soils negatively affect soil infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity and ultimately crop growth and yield. Although the levels of Mg2+ in irrigation waters and soils are increasing in several irrigation schemes globally, southern Kazakhstan has become a hotspot of such natural resource degradation. The productivity of magnesium-affected soils can be enhanced by increasing the levels of calcium (Ca2+) in the soil to counteract the negative impacts of Mg2+. Studies undertaken on the soil application of phosphogypsum, a major waste product of phosphoric acid factories and a source of Ca2+, have demonstrated beneficial effects of this soil amendment in terms of (1) improved soil quality through a reduction in exchangeable magnesium percentage (EMP) levels; (2) enhanced water movement into and through the soil vis-a-vis increased moisture storage in the soil for use by the plant roots; (3) increased cotton yield and water productivity; and (4) greater financial benefits. In addition to improving crop productivity, these studies demonstrated the beneficial use of an industrial waste material in agriculture. With the aim of addressing the challenge of achieving sustainable agriculture production from magnesium-affected environments, there would be a need for appropriate supportive policies and functional institutions along with capacity building of farmers, researchers, and agricultural extension workers.
In arid environments, water shortages due to over-allocation of river flow are often compensated ... more In arid environments, water shortages due to over-allocation of river flow are often compensated by lift irrigation or pumping groundwater. In such environments, farmers using pumped irrigation can deploy on-farm energy-efficient and water-saving technologies; however, pumping water requiring extra energy is associated with carbon emissions. This study explores how to increase crop production using pumped irrigation with minimal energy and carbon emissions. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to examine on-farm energy consumption and carbon emissions in gravity and groundwater irrigation systems; and second, to explore system-level alternatives of power generation and water management for food production based on the results from the farm-level analysis. This study employs a novel system-level approach for addressing water, energy, and carbon tradeoffs under pumped irrigation using groundwater. These tradeoffs are assessed at farm and system levels. On-farm level estimat...
ABSTRACT This paper argues that sequential in-channel reservoirs in the Syrdarya River Basin of C... more ABSTRACT This paper argues that sequential in-channel reservoirs in the Syrdarya River Basin of Central Asia are not sufficient to meet the needs of both upstream and downstream water users. Some of the consequences of the use of in-channel reservoirs include fresh water discharges into the saline depression and flooding of irrigated land in winter and water shortages in summer, which causes low water productivity. This study examines the feasibility of two alternative management strategies (1) building additional off-channel reservoirs, and (2) managed aquifer recharge (MAR). First, the potential for MAR in the upstream Fergana Valley is estimated through a regional assessment of MAR potential, field-scale pilot experiments, and simulation modeling. Second, the potential for MAR is analyzed for lift canal irrigation areas, which cover 70% of the irrigated highlands and the foothills in the river midstream, with a focus on energy use intensity and water and energy productivity. Third, the potential for building off-channel reservoirs and MAR is compared in the downstream portion of the river. Specifically for the Makhtaral Irrigation Project (MIP), a scenario of shifting from lift canal irrigation and groundwater extraction for drainage purposes is compared with groundwater irrigation and MAR. The MIP, located in the tail-end of the transboundary Dustyk Canal, faces waterlogging and salinity issues because of the shallow water table. The study concludes that transboundary cooperation in transboundary water transfers for MAR may increase the amount of water that could be stored underground. Overall, it is shown that there is a high potential for MAR in the Syrdarya River Basin with benefits at both the state and farm levels. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Along with pharmacological applications due to bioactive elements such as flavonoids and glycyrrh... more Along with pharmacological applications due to bioactive elements such as flavonoids and glycyrrhizin, licorice has positive influences on the rehabilitation, rejuvenation, and management of salt-affected degraded lands in arid regions. These features made this plant widely appreciated worldwide when climate change is showing detrimental impacts for crop production and food security. However, a growing demand followed by irrational harvesting of wild licorice plants has led to substantial dwindling of its natural habitat. There is an increasing need to protect the plant biodiversity since sustainability can be a problem with wild harvesting. Therefore, it is important to investigate cultivation technologies of licorice under harsh environments, while this plant can adapt to a wide range of climates. Thus, in this review, we studied, analyzed and summarized the literature on licorice cultivation methods counteracting the most common environmental stresses in the Aral Sea region. Part...
In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehr... more In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehran, Iran, 15-23 October 2011. New Delhi, India: ICIDICID Transaction No. 30-AFacing competition for limited water resources with domestic, industrial, hydropower and environmental uses, agriculture has to adapt to produce more food with less water. This paper proposes to apply water accounting procedure to identify the scope for water productivity improvement. The Fergana Valley, a highly productive area within the upstream of the Syrdarya River Basin, was selected to examine the proposed procedure. Significant non-productive depletions of water as evaporation at 31-34% of the available water were identified in the Fergana Valley. There is also flow to sinks and pollution in the downstream at 1-5% of the gross inflow due to the changes of the river flow regime, its quantity and quality, caused by the return flow from the irrigated land and the winter hydropower releases from the upstream...
The Syrdarya river is an example of a transboundary basin with contradictory water use requiremen... more The Syrdarya river is an example of a transboundary basin with contradictory water use requirements between its upstream and downstream parts. Since the winter of 1992-93, the operational regime of the upstream Toktogul reservoir on the Naryn river - the main tributary of the Syrdarya - has shifted from irrigation to hydropower generation mode. This significantly increased winter flow and reduced summer flowdownstream of the reservoir. Consequently, excessive winterflowis diverted to the saline depression called Arnasai, while water for summer irrigation is lacking. This study suggests to store the excessive winter flows temporarily in the upstream aquifers of the Fergana valley and to use it subsequently for irrigation in summer. It is estimated that groundwater development for irrigation could be practiced on one-third of the irrigated land of the valley, and conjunctive use of groundwater and canal water on another third; the rest will remain under canal irrigation. This strategy...
In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehr... more In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehran, Iran, 15-23 October 2011. New Delhi, India: ICIDICID Transaction No. 30-AFacing competition for limited water resources with domestic, industrial, hydropower and environmental uses, agriculture has to adapt to produce more food with less water. This paper proposes to apply water accounting procedure to identify the scope for water productivity improvement. The Fergana Valley, a highly productive area within the upstream of the Syrdarya River Basin, was selected to examine the proposed procedure. Significant non-productive depletions of water as evaporation at 31-34% of the available water were identified in the Fergana Valley. There is also flow to sinks and pollution in the downstream at 1-5% of the gross inflow due to the changes of the river flow regime, its quantity and quality, caused by the return flow from the irrigated land and the winter hydropower releases from the upstream...
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Papers by Akmal Karimov