Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is a powerful tool for identifying different spatial ... more Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is a powerful tool for identifying different spatial and timing variation patterns in many fields of researches. Recently we applied complex SVD method to space harmonic analysis of a 13-cell defecting cavity that is built and installed in the APS linac injector for beam phase space characterization and emittance exchange experiments. Real and imaginary space harmonics components are extracted from CST simulated data. Fields inside the iris were expressed in analytic forms and produced good agreement. Work is underway to implement the results into elegant simulation model. INTRODUCTION SVD analysis [1] is a powerful tool for identifying various system spatial and timing variation patterns. Recently we applied complex SVD analysis to extract space harmonics from CST simulated deflecting cavity data. We were able to extract the real and imaginary parts of the space harmonics, from which the field inside the iris can be expressed analytically, which can be used to develop simplified model for beam simulations of deflecting cavities. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SVD ANALYSIS A system matrix consists of m spatial columns, each contains n equal samples of time or another dimension. A=[A11 A12 A13 ⋯ A1m A21 A22 A23 ⋯ A2m ⋮ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋮ An1 An2 ⋯ ⋯ Anm ] SVD analysis converts A into U, V and Σ matrices: A=U ΣV U=[U 1 U 2 ⋯ Um] V=[V 1 V 2 ⋯ V n ] Σ=[λ1 0 0 ⋯ 0 0 λ2 0 ⋯ 0 ⋮ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋮ 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ λm 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 ] Here λ1... λm are eigenvalues and each of the vector of U and V matrices are spatial and timing vectors corresponding to eigenvalues. For analysis of cavities the field components are phasors and are generally expressed in complex values. For a complex matrix A, we construct a matrix AA that consists of 2×2 block matrices from a construction matrix Q [2]:
1. Intensified inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation could profoundly impact terrestrial eco... more 1. Intensified inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation could profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystems. However, how changes previous-year precipitation influence current ecosystem functioning (e.g., resource use efficiency) in semi-arid regions remains unclear. 2. In this study, water use efficiency (WUE) and light use efficiency (LUE) were investigated in a multi-year precipitation gradient experiment with seven treatment levels: 20%, 40% and 60% decreases and 20%, 40% and 60% increases in the amount of natural rainfall plus ambient precipitation. Plots receiving 60% less precipitation were representative of extreme dry years whereas the other treatment levels fell within the normal year-to-year range in precipitation change. Measurements made in both the post-treatment period (2013-2015) and the treatment period (2010-2012) provided an opportunity to quantify the legacy effects of precipitation on resource use efficiency (RUE). 3. Sensitivities of LUE to previous-year precipitation were not changed among treatments in 2013. However, asymmetric responses of RUEs (i.e., WUE and LUE) to previous-year precipitation were found in 2014-2015. WUE2014, WUE2015, LUE2014, and LUE2015 responded more strongly to previous normal decreased than increased precipitation. Importantly, they were more sensitive to previous extreme dry year (represented by 60% precipitation reduction) than normal wet year (represented by 60% precipitation increment). Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) rather than resource absorption (Ruptake) drove these asymmetric responses of RUE, and biomass of grasses further explained the asymmetric responses of ANPP. 4. This study reveals the non-linear responses of RUE to previous-year precipitation and highlighted that the legacy effects of precipitation on RUE can be ascribed to the changes in vegetation composition. Our findings can facilitate the prediction of the legacy effects of precipitation variation on grassland ecosystem functions in the future.
Global change can greatly affect plant productivity and subsequently litter input to soil, with p... more Global change can greatly affect plant productivity and subsequently litter input to soil, with potential impacts on soil carbon (C) fluxes. However, the effects of litter layer in mediating C cycling and budget at an ecosystem scale are still not clear. As part of a long‐term litter fall manipulation experiment in a temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau, this study was conducted to explore effects of litter removal and addition on ecosystem C budget and the associated mechanisms. Overall, litter removal enhanced photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at soil surface by 31.0%, but litter addition reduced it by 26.5%. Litter removal decreased soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) content at the depth of 0–10 cm by 13.6%, but litter addition enhanced it by 14.1%. Litter removal increased legume abundance by 131.1%, whereas litter addition enhanced grass abundance by 30.7% but decreased forb abundance by 33.1%. Litter removal increased gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) through enhancing PA...
This study aimed to identify the aluminum (Al)-induced proteomes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum,... more This study aimed to identify the aluminum (Al)-induced proteomes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, "Micro-Tom") after long-term exposure to the stress factor. Plants were treated in Magnavaca's solution (pH 4.5) supplemented with 7.5 μM Al(3+) ion activity over a 4 month period beginning at the emergence of flower buds and ending when the lower mature leaves started to turn yellow. Proteomes were identified using a 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling strategy followed by a two-dimensional (high- and low-pH) chromatographic separation and final generation of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of tryptic peptides on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. Principal component analysis revealed that the Al-treatment had induced systemic alterations in the proteomes from roots and leaves but not seed tissues. The significantly changed root proteins were shown to have putative functions in Al(3+) ion uptake and transportation,...
Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is a powerful tool for identifying different spatial ... more Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is a powerful tool for identifying different spatial and timing variation patterns in many fields of researches. Recently we applied complex SVD method to space harmonic analysis of a 13-cell defecting cavity that is built and installed in the APS linac injector for beam phase space characterization and emittance exchange experiments. Real and imaginary space harmonics components are extracted from CST simulated data. Fields inside the iris were expressed in analytic forms and produced good agreement. Work is underway to implement the results into elegant simulation model. INTRODUCTION SVD analysis [1] is a powerful tool for identifying various system spatial and timing variation patterns. Recently we applied complex SVD analysis to extract space harmonics from CST simulated deflecting cavity data. We were able to extract the real and imaginary parts of the space harmonics, from which the field inside the iris can be expressed analytically, which can be used to develop simplified model for beam simulations of deflecting cavities. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SVD ANALYSIS A system matrix consists of m spatial columns, each contains n equal samples of time or another dimension. A=[A11 A12 A13 ⋯ A1m A21 A22 A23 ⋯ A2m ⋮ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋮ An1 An2 ⋯ ⋯ Anm ] SVD analysis converts A into U, V and Σ matrices: A=U ΣV U=[U 1 U 2 ⋯ Um] V=[V 1 V 2 ⋯ V n ] Σ=[λ1 0 0 ⋯ 0 0 λ2 0 ⋯ 0 ⋮ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋮ 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ λm 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 ] Here λ1... λm are eigenvalues and each of the vector of U and V matrices are spatial and timing vectors corresponding to eigenvalues. For analysis of cavities the field components are phasors and are generally expressed in complex values. For a complex matrix A, we construct a matrix AA that consists of 2×2 block matrices from a construction matrix Q [2]:
1. Intensified inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation could profoundly impact terrestrial eco... more 1. Intensified inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation could profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystems. However, how changes previous-year precipitation influence current ecosystem functioning (e.g., resource use efficiency) in semi-arid regions remains unclear. 2. In this study, water use efficiency (WUE) and light use efficiency (LUE) were investigated in a multi-year precipitation gradient experiment with seven treatment levels: 20%, 40% and 60% decreases and 20%, 40% and 60% increases in the amount of natural rainfall plus ambient precipitation. Plots receiving 60% less precipitation were representative of extreme dry years whereas the other treatment levels fell within the normal year-to-year range in precipitation change. Measurements made in both the post-treatment period (2013-2015) and the treatment period (2010-2012) provided an opportunity to quantify the legacy effects of precipitation on resource use efficiency (RUE). 3. Sensitivities of LUE to previous-year precipitation were not changed among treatments in 2013. However, asymmetric responses of RUEs (i.e., WUE and LUE) to previous-year precipitation were found in 2014-2015. WUE2014, WUE2015, LUE2014, and LUE2015 responded more strongly to previous normal decreased than increased precipitation. Importantly, they were more sensitive to previous extreme dry year (represented by 60% precipitation reduction) than normal wet year (represented by 60% precipitation increment). Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) rather than resource absorption (Ruptake) drove these asymmetric responses of RUE, and biomass of grasses further explained the asymmetric responses of ANPP. 4. This study reveals the non-linear responses of RUE to previous-year precipitation and highlighted that the legacy effects of precipitation on RUE can be ascribed to the changes in vegetation composition. Our findings can facilitate the prediction of the legacy effects of precipitation variation on grassland ecosystem functions in the future.
Global change can greatly affect plant productivity and subsequently litter input to soil, with p... more Global change can greatly affect plant productivity and subsequently litter input to soil, with potential impacts on soil carbon (C) fluxes. However, the effects of litter layer in mediating C cycling and budget at an ecosystem scale are still not clear. As part of a long‐term litter fall manipulation experiment in a temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau, this study was conducted to explore effects of litter removal and addition on ecosystem C budget and the associated mechanisms. Overall, litter removal enhanced photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at soil surface by 31.0%, but litter addition reduced it by 26.5%. Litter removal decreased soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) content at the depth of 0–10 cm by 13.6%, but litter addition enhanced it by 14.1%. Litter removal increased legume abundance by 131.1%, whereas litter addition enhanced grass abundance by 30.7% but decreased forb abundance by 33.1%. Litter removal increased gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) through enhancing PA...
This study aimed to identify the aluminum (Al)-induced proteomes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum,... more This study aimed to identify the aluminum (Al)-induced proteomes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, "Micro-Tom") after long-term exposure to the stress factor. Plants were treated in Magnavaca's solution (pH 4.5) supplemented with 7.5 μM Al(3+) ion activity over a 4 month period beginning at the emergence of flower buds and ending when the lower mature leaves started to turn yellow. Proteomes were identified using a 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling strategy followed by a two-dimensional (high- and low-pH) chromatographic separation and final generation of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of tryptic peptides on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. Principal component analysis revealed that the Al-treatment had induced systemic alterations in the proteomes from roots and leaves but not seed tissues. The significantly changed root proteins were shown to have putative functions in Al(3+) ion uptake and transportation,...
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