Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that re... more Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that requires better knowledge of the factors affecting their populations, particularly in shared landscapes (i.e. non‐protected areas where people occupy and or utilize the land). The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is an endangered wolf subspecies being recovered on shared landscapes in the Southwest United States and Mexico. We used data from the U.S. program to model population growth, evaluate the impact of management removal and illegal killing relative to other demographic factors, and test hypotheses about factors influencing rates of management removal and illegal killing. From 1998 to 2019, the population growth averaged 12% per year. Rates of natural reproduction, illegal killing and other mortality remained consistent over the 22 years; while releases, translocations and management removals varied markedly between two time periods, phase 1:1998–2007 and phase 2:2008–2019. The num...
Understanding pathogen emergence in new host species is fundamental for developing prevention and... more Understanding pathogen emergence in new host species is fundamental for developing prevention and response plans for human and animal health. We leveraged a large-scale surveillance dataset coordinated by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and state natural resources agencies to quantify infection of SARS-CoV-2 in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) using a hierarchical epidemiological model in the eastern half of the United States. Our model found that male deer had higher positivity than female deer, and positivity was higher in counties with higher human population density or deer habitat. Estimated SARS-CoV-2 local epidemiological reproduction numbers were between 1 and 2.5 in most well-sampled counties, with local epidemics in WTD peaking earlier in the northeast and mid-Atlantic relative to the Midwest and Southeast. Similar peak infection prevalence times across many counties provided indirect evidence for widespread transmission via human-to-deer spillover, while the widespread high estimates of local epidemiological reproduction number suggested that sustained deer-to-deer transmission is also probable. The model estimated 10% of infected WTD were infected due to human infection pressure.
The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental... more The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model. The purpose was to better understand how leadership training transfers to facets of developmental leadership. This was tested in a cross-sectional design with military commanders in the Swedish Armed Forces. The results show that the sub-domain of leader self-control efficacy (the cognitive and emotional ability to remain composure) did not predict developmental leadership, but that leader assertiveness efficacy (the ability to make rational decisions) predicted the two dimensions of the exemplary model, and inspiration and motivation in the developmental leadership model. One possibility is that leader self-control efficacy can be what enables the individual to function within an extreme context, but leader assertiveness efficacy can be what most determines the leadership performance within that context. The possibility for mediatory analyses in further research is di...
Broad-scale data show SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in white-tailed deer throughout much of their range i... more Broad-scale data show SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in white-tailed deer throughout much of their range in the conterminous United States and reinforce findings of considerable SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure. Results shed light on both current infections and prior exposure, with prevalence decreasing over time and seroprevalence increasing.One-Sentence SummaryWhite-tailed deer are infected with, and have been exposed to, SARS-CoV-2 throughout their range in the conterminous US.
We examined the potential for urban water sources to act as centers for rabies transmission from ... more We examined the potential for urban water sources to act as centers for rabies transmission from bats to mesocarnivores in the arid southwestern United States where free water is often limited. Because residential housing can act as den and roost sites for both mesocarnivores and bats, we also examined the effect of housing density on abundance. Using ultrasonic acoustic recorders to assess bat activity and camera traps to estimate mesocarnivore abundance, we compared 14 pairs of wet and dry locations over two years by surveying twice during the summer, once prior to summer monsoons and once during the monsoon season, when surface waters were more available. Number of calls for all bat species combined were greater at wet sites compared to dry sites and calls of two bat species often associated with rabies, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), were recorded more at wet sites than dry sites in the monsoon season. In both years, raccoons ...
Numbering in the tens of millions of birds, grackle populations in North America can cause a vari... more Numbering in the tens of millions of birds, grackle populations in North America can cause a variety of conflicts with people. Grackles eat agricultural crops and livestock feed, damage property, spread pathogens, and collide with aircraft. Their large roosts can be a nuisance in urban and suburban areas. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion, and lethal removal may help to reduce grackle damage. Grackles adapt easily to human-dominated environments, and exploit human food and other features of human landscapes. Thus, an integrated damage management approach to grackle damage focuses on reducing and eliminating the damage, rather than simply controlling grackle populations. Three species of grackles are present in North America: the common grackle, the boat-tailed grackle, and the great-tailed grackle. A fourth species, the greater Antillean grackle (Q. niger) is present in Puerto Rico. All are part of the Family Icteridae that includes blackbirds, orioles, cowbirds, mead...
Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are considered a widespread and common species in the south... more Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are considered a widespread and common species in the southwestern United States, although little is known about their spatial ecology that can inform rabies management strategies. We used data acquired from very high frequency and global positioning system satellite collars on gray foxes in the White Mountains and Pinaleno Mountains of Arizona to assess habitat use, movement patterns, and home range requirements. We present preliminary results from adult gray foxes (n = 3) from a larger study aimed at understanding gray fox space use for zoonotic disease management in the state. Average home range size was 3.78 – 2.74 km2 (SD) and gray foxes used ponderosa pine forests across both study sites, with individuals also selecting for this vegetation community at the home range scale.
Health care systems in Sweden and many other industrialised countries have undergone major techno... more Health care systems in Sweden and many other industrialised countries have undergone major technological, organisational, and financial changes during the last decades. Health care leaders and doctors are all key persons in the development of a good work environment and a wellfunctioning health care organisation. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate interventions aimed at developing health care managers , doctors , and medical students leadership. All four studies were conducted at Södersjukhuset, one of the main hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden, which serves 600 000 inhabitants. Studies I and II assessed the impact of eight long-term dialogue groups, which involved 60 doctors at the children s clinic. Psychosocial work environment measures were collected through a validated instrument sent to all doctors (n=68) in 1999, 2001 and 2003. Follow-up data was collected in 2004 and five focus group interviews were performed after the termination of the dialogue groups. In Study II...
There is a recent proliferation of research on the integration of machine learning and optimizati... more There is a recent proliferation of research on the integration of machine learning and optimization. One expansive area within this research stream is predictive-model embedded optimization, which uses pre-trained predictive models for the objective function of an optimization problem, so that features of the predictive models become decision variables in the optimization problem. Despite a recent surge in publications in this area, one aspect of this decision-making pipeline that has been largely overlooked is training relevance, i.e., ensuring that solutions to the optimization problem should be similar to the data used to train the predictive models. In this paper, we propose constraints designed to enforce training relevance, and show through a collection of experimental results that adding the suggested constraints significantly improves the quality of solutions obtained.
XVI ICT '97. Proceedings ICT'97. 16th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (Cat. No.97TH8291)
Thermoelectric transport in a macroscopically heterogeneous or composite medium is considered for... more Thermoelectric transport in a macroscopically heterogeneous or composite medium is considered for the most general case of n anisotropic components mixed together with an arbitrary microstructure (i.e., not necessarily disordered or isotropic or cubic, so that the macroscopic behavior can be anisotropic too). A figure-of-merit-tensor (FMT) is defined that generalizes the usual scalar figure of merit. Some general bounds are derived for the bulk effective electrical conductivity and heat conductivity tensors, and also for the FMT. In particular, it is proven that the figure of merit of any composite can never be greater than the largest figure of merit of any of its components.
Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that re... more Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that requires better knowledge of the factors affecting their populations, particularly in shared landscapes (i.e. non‐protected areas where people occupy and or utilize the land). The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is an endangered wolf subspecies being recovered on shared landscapes in the Southwest United States and Mexico. We used data from the U.S. program to model population growth, evaluate the impact of management removal and illegal killing relative to other demographic factors, and test hypotheses about factors influencing rates of management removal and illegal killing. From 1998 to 2019, the population growth averaged 12% per year. Rates of natural reproduction, illegal killing and other mortality remained consistent over the 22 years; while releases, translocations and management removals varied markedly between two time periods, phase 1:1998–2007 and phase 2:2008–2019. The num...
Understanding pathogen emergence in new host species is fundamental for developing prevention and... more Understanding pathogen emergence in new host species is fundamental for developing prevention and response plans for human and animal health. We leveraged a large-scale surveillance dataset coordinated by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and state natural resources agencies to quantify infection of SARS-CoV-2 in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) using a hierarchical epidemiological model in the eastern half of the United States. Our model found that male deer had higher positivity than female deer, and positivity was higher in counties with higher human population density or deer habitat. Estimated SARS-CoV-2 local epidemiological reproduction numbers were between 1 and 2.5 in most well-sampled counties, with local epidemics in WTD peaking earlier in the northeast and mid-Atlantic relative to the Midwest and Southeast. Similar peak infection prevalence times across many counties provided indirect evidence for widespread transmission via human-to-deer spillover, while the widespread high estimates of local epidemiological reproduction number suggested that sustained deer-to-deer transmission is also probable. The model estimated 10% of infected WTD were infected due to human infection pressure.
The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental... more The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model. The purpose was to better understand how leadership training transfers to facets of developmental leadership. This was tested in a cross-sectional design with military commanders in the Swedish Armed Forces. The results show that the sub-domain of leader self-control efficacy (the cognitive and emotional ability to remain composure) did not predict developmental leadership, but that leader assertiveness efficacy (the ability to make rational decisions) predicted the two dimensions of the exemplary model, and inspiration and motivation in the developmental leadership model. One possibility is that leader self-control efficacy can be what enables the individual to function within an extreme context, but leader assertiveness efficacy can be what most determines the leadership performance within that context. The possibility for mediatory analyses in further research is di...
Broad-scale data show SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in white-tailed deer throughout much of their range i... more Broad-scale data show SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in white-tailed deer throughout much of their range in the conterminous United States and reinforce findings of considerable SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure. Results shed light on both current infections and prior exposure, with prevalence decreasing over time and seroprevalence increasing.One-Sentence SummaryWhite-tailed deer are infected with, and have been exposed to, SARS-CoV-2 throughout their range in the conterminous US.
We examined the potential for urban water sources to act as centers for rabies transmission from ... more We examined the potential for urban water sources to act as centers for rabies transmission from bats to mesocarnivores in the arid southwestern United States where free water is often limited. Because residential housing can act as den and roost sites for both mesocarnivores and bats, we also examined the effect of housing density on abundance. Using ultrasonic acoustic recorders to assess bat activity and camera traps to estimate mesocarnivore abundance, we compared 14 pairs of wet and dry locations over two years by surveying twice during the summer, once prior to summer monsoons and once during the monsoon season, when surface waters were more available. Number of calls for all bat species combined were greater at wet sites compared to dry sites and calls of two bat species often associated with rabies, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), were recorded more at wet sites than dry sites in the monsoon season. In both years, raccoons ...
Numbering in the tens of millions of birds, grackle populations in North America can cause a vari... more Numbering in the tens of millions of birds, grackle populations in North America can cause a variety of conflicts with people. Grackles eat agricultural crops and livestock feed, damage property, spread pathogens, and collide with aircraft. Their large roosts can be a nuisance in urban and suburban areas. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion, and lethal removal may help to reduce grackle damage. Grackles adapt easily to human-dominated environments, and exploit human food and other features of human landscapes. Thus, an integrated damage management approach to grackle damage focuses on reducing and eliminating the damage, rather than simply controlling grackle populations. Three species of grackles are present in North America: the common grackle, the boat-tailed grackle, and the great-tailed grackle. A fourth species, the greater Antillean grackle (Q. niger) is present in Puerto Rico. All are part of the Family Icteridae that includes blackbirds, orioles, cowbirds, mead...
Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are considered a widespread and common species in the south... more Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are considered a widespread and common species in the southwestern United States, although little is known about their spatial ecology that can inform rabies management strategies. We used data acquired from very high frequency and global positioning system satellite collars on gray foxes in the White Mountains and Pinaleno Mountains of Arizona to assess habitat use, movement patterns, and home range requirements. We present preliminary results from adult gray foxes (n = 3) from a larger study aimed at understanding gray fox space use for zoonotic disease management in the state. Average home range size was 3.78 – 2.74 km2 (SD) and gray foxes used ponderosa pine forests across both study sites, with individuals also selecting for this vegetation community at the home range scale.
Health care systems in Sweden and many other industrialised countries have undergone major techno... more Health care systems in Sweden and many other industrialised countries have undergone major technological, organisational, and financial changes during the last decades. Health care leaders and doctors are all key persons in the development of a good work environment and a wellfunctioning health care organisation. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate interventions aimed at developing health care managers , doctors , and medical students leadership. All four studies were conducted at Södersjukhuset, one of the main hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden, which serves 600 000 inhabitants. Studies I and II assessed the impact of eight long-term dialogue groups, which involved 60 doctors at the children s clinic. Psychosocial work environment measures were collected through a validated instrument sent to all doctors (n=68) in 1999, 2001 and 2003. Follow-up data was collected in 2004 and five focus group interviews were performed after the termination of the dialogue groups. In Study II...
There is a recent proliferation of research on the integration of machine learning and optimizati... more There is a recent proliferation of research on the integration of machine learning and optimization. One expansive area within this research stream is predictive-model embedded optimization, which uses pre-trained predictive models for the objective function of an optimization problem, so that features of the predictive models become decision variables in the optimization problem. Despite a recent surge in publications in this area, one aspect of this decision-making pipeline that has been largely overlooked is training relevance, i.e., ensuring that solutions to the optimization problem should be similar to the data used to train the predictive models. In this paper, we propose constraints designed to enforce training relevance, and show through a collection of experimental results that adding the suggested constraints significantly improves the quality of solutions obtained.
XVI ICT '97. Proceedings ICT'97. 16th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (Cat. No.97TH8291)
Thermoelectric transport in a macroscopically heterogeneous or composite medium is considered for... more Thermoelectric transport in a macroscopically heterogeneous or composite medium is considered for the most general case of n anisotropic components mixed together with an arbitrary microstructure (i.e., not necessarily disordered or isotropic or cubic, so that the macroscopic behavior can be anisotropic too). A figure-of-merit-tensor (FMT) is defined that generalizes the usual scalar figure of merit. Some general bounds are derived for the bulk effective electrical conductivity and heat conductivity tensors, and also for the FMT. In particular, it is proven that the figure of merit of any composite can never be greater than the largest figure of merit of any of its components.
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