The paper discusses what was to be negotiated in the GATS and the WTO (in the Doha rounds) to pro... more The paper discusses what was to be negotiated in the GATS and the WTO (in the Doha rounds) to promote liberalization of services markets. After briefly recalling the possible rationales for engaging in multilateral trade negotiations and international cooperation, the paper reviews available information on—and analysis of—services trade and trade barriers. The discussion then turns to options for making the GATS a more relevant instrument of regulatory reform and market access, and concludes by identifying the priorities for the Negotiators to focus on at the next round of trade negotiations. Hoekman’s central idea in the paper is that, there are undoubtedly gains from enhancing competition in service markets, and to a large extent, these payoffs can be realized through autonomous reform efforts. He notes that future efforts to expand GATS disciplines should center on expanding the coverage of the agreement to cover all sectors and modes of supply, and simplifying and strengthening the rules.
The paper examines the importance of product standards in international trade. Taking a case stud... more The paper examines the importance of product standards in international trade. Taking a case study of the East African Community’s (EAC) dairy sector; The paper examines the impact imposition of standards in the dairy sector will have on thousands of small farmers that currently take part in the production of dairy products, and millions of consumers who benefit from the health benefits brought by dairy products. Imposing standards for EAC’s dairy products is undoubtedly key if the dairy industry is to be modernised and developed. These standards should however take into consideration the plight of many small-scale producers in the dairy sector who are incapable of implementing them, and the many technological and economic constraints in the region. This paper therefore examines the importance of product standards in international trade specifically standards for dairy products in the EAC.
The paper examines the impact of regional integration on international trade negotiations and coo... more The paper examines the impact of regional integration on international trade negotiations and cooperation in LDCs. Taking a case study of the East African Community (EAC) and Economic Patnership Agreements (EPAs); The paper examines the impact regional integration has on the negotiating position of member countries’. It examines the extent to which regional integration can alter terms of trade for individual members by promising better international negotiation and cooperation for trade through increased bargaining power. Lastly, the study looks at the effect of overlapping membership in different regional and economic integrations on LDCs’ negotiating capacity and how integration can be utilised to promise better terms of trade through international trade negotiation and cooperation.
The paper examines the impact of foreign exchange rate volatility on Uganda’s external trade
bala... more The paper examines the impact of foreign exchange rate volatility on Uganda’s external trade balance. The study looks at the trend of exchange rate movements, export and import growth in a five year period from 2004 to 2008.
This paper is about the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA. It examines how formation of the... more This paper is about the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA. It examines how formation of the Tripartite FTA will create a wide free market for the 26 member countries that stretches from Cape Town in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt. Taking a case study of Uganda, the paper examines the impact the tripartite FTA will have on member countries‟ export performance and by looking at EAC‟s inter regional and intra regional trade with COMESA and SADC for the period 2003-2007, the paper examines the impact of the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA on inter and intra regional trade. Lastly, the study concludes with a highlight on how the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA will help solve the problem of overlapping membership in the three RECs by harmonizing the conflicting agendas and objectives of the three individual RECs. The study also highlights the factors that may constrain some member countries like Uganda from exploiting the opportunities created by the wider Tripartite FTA market and makes recommendations on how to overcome these constraints.
The paper discusses what was to be negotiated in the GATS and the WTO (in the Doha rounds) to pro... more The paper discusses what was to be negotiated in the GATS and the WTO (in the Doha rounds) to promote liberalization of services markets. After briefly recalling the possible rationales for engaging in multilateral trade negotiations and international cooperation, the paper reviews available information on—and analysis of—services trade and trade barriers. The discussion then turns to options for making the GATS a more relevant instrument of regulatory reform and market access, and concludes by identifying the priorities for the Negotiators to focus on at the next round of trade negotiations. Hoekman’s central idea in the paper is that, there are undoubtedly gains from enhancing competition in service markets, and to a large extent, these payoffs can be realized through autonomous reform efforts. He notes that future efforts to expand GATS disciplines should center on expanding the coverage of the agreement to cover all sectors and modes of supply, and simplifying and strengthening the rules.
The paper examines the importance of product standards in international trade. Taking a case stud... more The paper examines the importance of product standards in international trade. Taking a case study of the East African Community’s (EAC) dairy sector; The paper examines the impact imposition of standards in the dairy sector will have on thousands of small farmers that currently take part in the production of dairy products, and millions of consumers who benefit from the health benefits brought by dairy products. Imposing standards for EAC’s dairy products is undoubtedly key if the dairy industry is to be modernised and developed. These standards should however take into consideration the plight of many small-scale producers in the dairy sector who are incapable of implementing them, and the many technological and economic constraints in the region. This paper therefore examines the importance of product standards in international trade specifically standards for dairy products in the EAC.
The paper examines the impact of regional integration on international trade negotiations and coo... more The paper examines the impact of regional integration on international trade negotiations and cooperation in LDCs. Taking a case study of the East African Community (EAC) and Economic Patnership Agreements (EPAs); The paper examines the impact regional integration has on the negotiating position of member countries’. It examines the extent to which regional integration can alter terms of trade for individual members by promising better international negotiation and cooperation for trade through increased bargaining power. Lastly, the study looks at the effect of overlapping membership in different regional and economic integrations on LDCs’ negotiating capacity and how integration can be utilised to promise better terms of trade through international trade negotiation and cooperation.
The paper examines the impact of foreign exchange rate volatility on Uganda’s external trade
bala... more The paper examines the impact of foreign exchange rate volatility on Uganda’s external trade balance. The study looks at the trend of exchange rate movements, export and import growth in a five year period from 2004 to 2008.
This paper is about the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA. It examines how formation of the... more This paper is about the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA. It examines how formation of the Tripartite FTA will create a wide free market for the 26 member countries that stretches from Cape Town in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt. Taking a case study of Uganda, the paper examines the impact the tripartite FTA will have on member countries‟ export performance and by looking at EAC‟s inter regional and intra regional trade with COMESA and SADC for the period 2003-2007, the paper examines the impact of the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA on inter and intra regional trade. Lastly, the study concludes with a highlight on how the proposed COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA will help solve the problem of overlapping membership in the three RECs by harmonizing the conflicting agendas and objectives of the three individual RECs. The study also highlights the factors that may constrain some member countries like Uganda from exploiting the opportunities created by the wider Tripartite FTA market and makes recommendations on how to overcome these constraints.
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Papers by Micheal Akampa
Hoekman’s central idea in the paper is that, there are undoubtedly gains from enhancing competition in service markets, and to a large extent, these payoffs can be realized through autonomous reform efforts. He notes that future efforts to expand GATS disciplines should center on expanding the coverage of the agreement to cover all sectors and modes of supply, and simplifying and strengthening the rules.
Economic Patnership Agreements (EPAs); The paper examines the impact regional integration has on the negotiating position of member countries’. It examines the extent to
which regional integration can alter terms of trade for individual members by promising
better international negotiation and cooperation for trade through increased bargaining
power. Lastly, the study looks at the effect of overlapping membership in different regional and economic integrations on LDCs’ negotiating capacity and how integration can be utilised to promise better terms of trade through international trade negotiation and cooperation.
balance. The study looks at the trend of exchange rate movements, export and import growth
in a five year period from 2004 to 2008.
Hoekman’s central idea in the paper is that, there are undoubtedly gains from enhancing competition in service markets, and to a large extent, these payoffs can be realized through autonomous reform efforts. He notes that future efforts to expand GATS disciplines should center on expanding the coverage of the agreement to cover all sectors and modes of supply, and simplifying and strengthening the rules.
Economic Patnership Agreements (EPAs); The paper examines the impact regional integration has on the negotiating position of member countries’. It examines the extent to
which regional integration can alter terms of trade for individual members by promising
better international negotiation and cooperation for trade through increased bargaining
power. Lastly, the study looks at the effect of overlapping membership in different regional and economic integrations on LDCs’ negotiating capacity and how integration can be utilised to promise better terms of trade through international trade negotiation and cooperation.
balance. The study looks at the trend of exchange rate movements, export and import growth
in a five year period from 2004 to 2008.