The International journal of pharmacy practice, 2010
Discussing side effects with patients continues to be a difficult area of practice. Questions ari... more Discussing side effects with patients continues to be a difficult area of practice. Questions arise as to how many should be mentioned and which ones. The way such information is presented can affect drug-taking decisions. This study examined how over-the-counter (OTC) medicine users are influenced by numerical risk estimates of side effects. As part of a larger study on patient decision-making, 30 participants aged over 50 years were asked to consider three OTC headache medicines. They responded to one of two headache scenarios, one with symptoms described as mild but common and the other severe but rare. Participants made their selection based on drug efficacy and side effects, at first not linked to occurrence rates and then with this information provided. Average age was 66.6 years and the majority were female. Most were currently using some form of drug therapy. Drug choices differed in relation to mild versus severe headache scenarios. A stronger preference for drug X (50% eff...
To describe a cohort of patients referred to a cardiovascular risk factor reduction unit (CRFRU).... more To describe a cohort of patients referred to a cardiovascular risk factor reduction unit (CRFRU). Prospective cohort study. Out-patients referred to a specialty clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Seven hundred and four consecutive male and female patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, of whom 388 were reassessed after one year. Standard risk factors were measured in all participants. The probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed according to the Framingham equation and results were compared with data from the Saskatchewan Heart Health Survey for the general population of Saskatchewan. Patients received dietary and fitness advice, as well as drug therapy when indicated. For follow-up studies, the change in probability of CAD and selected variables after one year were measured. Patients referred to the CRFRU were at considerably higher risk for CAD than the general population. One hundred and sixty-eight of 235 men and 77 of 153 women seen in follow-up...
Pharmacoeconomics, the science of assigning costs and outcomes of drug therapy can be applied to ... more Pharmacoeconomics, the science of assigning costs and outcomes of drug therapy can be applied to antihypertensive drug therapy. There are five principle tools: cost identification, cost minimization, cost benefit, cost effectiveness and cost utility. If only drug aquisition costs are considered, there are marked differences among antihypertensive drug classes. These differences become less marked when the costs per quality adjusted life year are calculated. Often, differences among patients rather than differences among drug prices account for the bulk of variation.
To compare clinically relevant pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxico logical characteristic... more To compare clinically relevant pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxico logical characteristics of calcium-modulating compounds used in ischemic heart disease. A MEDLINE search (1990 pt B to 1991 pt A revised for 1993; 1991 pt B to 1992 revised for 1993; and January to May 1993) combining the search phrases 'calcium channel blockers', 'myocardial ischemia', 'pharmacodynamics' and 'pharmacokinetics', and a search in Compact Cambridge Drug Information Source vol-6 (revised 1992, fourth quarter) using the search phrase 'calcium antagonists' and medical subject headings (MeSH) 'pharmacokinetics' and 'pharmacodynamics' were used to obtain title and abstract information on available current literature. Review articles, proceedings and studies published in English and available within the University of Saskatchewan library system, as they appeared to relate closely to the objective, were obtained for closer evaluation. In addition,...
Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale, 2009
Vigorous exercise increases urine protein excretion. However, whether exercise increases urine al... more Vigorous exercise increases urine protein excretion. However, whether exercise increases urine albumin enough to reach the threshold for microalbuminuria (2.8 and 2.0 mg/mmol creatinine in women and men respectively) is uncertain. Furthermore, the duration of such albuminuria is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and duration of exercise induced microalbuminuria in normal healthy volunteers. Thirty normal subjects provided a urine sample, then exercised to maximal heart rate, or exhaustion, using the standard Bruce Treadmill protocol. Further urine samples were collected within 15 min of completing exercise, and 24 and 48 hr later. Urine creatinine was measured by the Jaffé method and albumin via immunoturbidometry. Baseline urine albumin: creatinine ratio (A/C) was 0.5 +/- 0.3 (SD) in women (n=14) and 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/mmol in men (n=16). Immediately after exercise A/C increased to 5.6 +/- 9.7 (in women) and 7.6 +/- 17.6 (in men). Twelve of 30 subjects reached the threshold ...
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2008
High doses of ibuprofen have been shown to inhibit muscle protein synthesis after a bout of resis... more High doses of ibuprofen have been shown to inhibit muscle protein synthesis after a bout of resistance exercise. We determined the effect of a moderate dose of ibuprofen (400 mg x d(-1)) consumed on a daily basis after resistance training on muscle hypertrophy and strength. Twelve males and 6 females (approximately 24 years of age) trained their right and left biceps on alternate days (6 sets of 4-10 repetitions), 5 d x week(-1), for 6 weeks. In a counter-balanced, double-blind design, they were randomized to receive 400 mg x d(-1) ibuprofen immediately after training their left or right arm, and a placebo after training the opposite arm the following day. Before- and after-training muscle thickness of both biceps was measured using ultrasound and 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) arm curl strength was determined on both arms. Subjects rated their muscle soreness daily. There were time main effects for muscle thickness and strength (p < 0.01). Ibuprofen consumption had no effect on muscle hypertrophy (muscle thickness of biceps for arm receiving ibuprofen: pre 3.63 +/- 0.14, post 3.92 +/- 0.15 cm; and placebo: pre 3.62 +/- 0.15, post 3.90 +/- 0.15 cm) and strength (1 RM of arm receiving ibuprofen: pre 18.6 +/- 2.8, post 23.4 +/- 3.5 kg; and placebo: pre 18.8 +/- 2.8, post 22.8 +/- 3.4 kg). Muscle soreness was elevated during the first week of training only, but was not different between the ibuprofen and placebo arm. We conclude that a moderate dose of ibuprofen ingested after repeated resistance training sessions does not impair muscle hypertrophy or strength and does not affect ratings of muscle soreness.
Ridogrel is a dual acting thromboxane synthase inhibitor/TP receptor antagonist. We examined the ... more Ridogrel is a dual acting thromboxane synthase inhibitor/TP receptor antagonist. We examined the effects of single and multiple doses on systolic blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Single doses of ridogrel (5 to 125 mg/kg) did not affect systolic blood pressure or furosemide-stimulated excretion rates of thromboxane B2 or 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, although ex vivo serum thromboxane B2 was dose-dependently reduced up to 95%. In contrast, repeated dosing (7 days) with ridogrel (3 to 25 mg/kg/day), had an antihypertensive effect in 12-week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. At 25 mg/kg/day, ridogrel reduced systolic blood pressure from 200+/-6.1 to 173+/-6.7 mmHg (n=12, P<0.01). Ridogrel dose-dependently reduced serum thromboxane B2 and increased plasma renin activity. Unlike single doses, repeated dosing reduced urinary thromboxane B2 excretion (from 103+/-7 ng/day to 49+/-10 ng/day, P<0.01) while preserving 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha excretion. Ketoprofen, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, (10 mg/kg/day for 7 days), depressed urine 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha in addition to attenuating serum and urine thromboxane B2. Ketoprofen prevented the antihypertensive effects of ridogrel. Ridogrel did not lower systolic blood pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats. We conclude that the antihypertensive effect of ridogrel involves preserving renal prostaglandin synthesis during thromboxane attenuation.
The International journal of pharmacy practice, 2010
Discussing side effects with patients continues to be a difficult area of practice. Questions ari... more Discussing side effects with patients continues to be a difficult area of practice. Questions arise as to how many should be mentioned and which ones. The way such information is presented can affect drug-taking decisions. This study examined how over-the-counter (OTC) medicine users are influenced by numerical risk estimates of side effects. As part of a larger study on patient decision-making, 30 participants aged over 50 years were asked to consider three OTC headache medicines. They responded to one of two headache scenarios, one with symptoms described as mild but common and the other severe but rare. Participants made their selection based on drug efficacy and side effects, at first not linked to occurrence rates and then with this information provided. Average age was 66.6 years and the majority were female. Most were currently using some form of drug therapy. Drug choices differed in relation to mild versus severe headache scenarios. A stronger preference for drug X (50% eff...
To describe a cohort of patients referred to a cardiovascular risk factor reduction unit (CRFRU).... more To describe a cohort of patients referred to a cardiovascular risk factor reduction unit (CRFRU). Prospective cohort study. Out-patients referred to a specialty clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Seven hundred and four consecutive male and female patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, of whom 388 were reassessed after one year. Standard risk factors were measured in all participants. The probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed according to the Framingham equation and results were compared with data from the Saskatchewan Heart Health Survey for the general population of Saskatchewan. Patients received dietary and fitness advice, as well as drug therapy when indicated. For follow-up studies, the change in probability of CAD and selected variables after one year were measured. Patients referred to the CRFRU were at considerably higher risk for CAD than the general population. One hundred and sixty-eight of 235 men and 77 of 153 women seen in follow-up...
Pharmacoeconomics, the science of assigning costs and outcomes of drug therapy can be applied to ... more Pharmacoeconomics, the science of assigning costs and outcomes of drug therapy can be applied to antihypertensive drug therapy. There are five principle tools: cost identification, cost minimization, cost benefit, cost effectiveness and cost utility. If only drug aquisition costs are considered, there are marked differences among antihypertensive drug classes. These differences become less marked when the costs per quality adjusted life year are calculated. Often, differences among patients rather than differences among drug prices account for the bulk of variation.
To compare clinically relevant pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxico logical characteristic... more To compare clinically relevant pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxico logical characteristics of calcium-modulating compounds used in ischemic heart disease. A MEDLINE search (1990 pt B to 1991 pt A revised for 1993; 1991 pt B to 1992 revised for 1993; and January to May 1993) combining the search phrases 'calcium channel blockers', 'myocardial ischemia', 'pharmacodynamics' and 'pharmacokinetics', and a search in Compact Cambridge Drug Information Source vol-6 (revised 1992, fourth quarter) using the search phrase 'calcium antagonists' and medical subject headings (MeSH) 'pharmacokinetics' and 'pharmacodynamics' were used to obtain title and abstract information on available current literature. Review articles, proceedings and studies published in English and available within the University of Saskatchewan library system, as they appeared to relate closely to the objective, were obtained for closer evaluation. In addition,...
Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale, 2009
Vigorous exercise increases urine protein excretion. However, whether exercise increases urine al... more Vigorous exercise increases urine protein excretion. However, whether exercise increases urine albumin enough to reach the threshold for microalbuminuria (2.8 and 2.0 mg/mmol creatinine in women and men respectively) is uncertain. Furthermore, the duration of such albuminuria is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and duration of exercise induced microalbuminuria in normal healthy volunteers. Thirty normal subjects provided a urine sample, then exercised to maximal heart rate, or exhaustion, using the standard Bruce Treadmill protocol. Further urine samples were collected within 15 min of completing exercise, and 24 and 48 hr later. Urine creatinine was measured by the Jaffé method and albumin via immunoturbidometry. Baseline urine albumin: creatinine ratio (A/C) was 0.5 +/- 0.3 (SD) in women (n=14) and 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/mmol in men (n=16). Immediately after exercise A/C increased to 5.6 +/- 9.7 (in women) and 7.6 +/- 17.6 (in men). Twelve of 30 subjects reached the threshold ...
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2008
High doses of ibuprofen have been shown to inhibit muscle protein synthesis after a bout of resis... more High doses of ibuprofen have been shown to inhibit muscle protein synthesis after a bout of resistance exercise. We determined the effect of a moderate dose of ibuprofen (400 mg x d(-1)) consumed on a daily basis after resistance training on muscle hypertrophy and strength. Twelve males and 6 females (approximately 24 years of age) trained their right and left biceps on alternate days (6 sets of 4-10 repetitions), 5 d x week(-1), for 6 weeks. In a counter-balanced, double-blind design, they were randomized to receive 400 mg x d(-1) ibuprofen immediately after training their left or right arm, and a placebo after training the opposite arm the following day. Before- and after-training muscle thickness of both biceps was measured using ultrasound and 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) arm curl strength was determined on both arms. Subjects rated their muscle soreness daily. There were time main effects for muscle thickness and strength (p < 0.01). Ibuprofen consumption had no effect on muscle hypertrophy (muscle thickness of biceps for arm receiving ibuprofen: pre 3.63 +/- 0.14, post 3.92 +/- 0.15 cm; and placebo: pre 3.62 +/- 0.15, post 3.90 +/- 0.15 cm) and strength (1 RM of arm receiving ibuprofen: pre 18.6 +/- 2.8, post 23.4 +/- 3.5 kg; and placebo: pre 18.8 +/- 2.8, post 22.8 +/- 3.4 kg). Muscle soreness was elevated during the first week of training only, but was not different between the ibuprofen and placebo arm. We conclude that a moderate dose of ibuprofen ingested after repeated resistance training sessions does not impair muscle hypertrophy or strength and does not affect ratings of muscle soreness.
Ridogrel is a dual acting thromboxane synthase inhibitor/TP receptor antagonist. We examined the ... more Ridogrel is a dual acting thromboxane synthase inhibitor/TP receptor antagonist. We examined the effects of single and multiple doses on systolic blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Single doses of ridogrel (5 to 125 mg/kg) did not affect systolic blood pressure or furosemide-stimulated excretion rates of thromboxane B2 or 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, although ex vivo serum thromboxane B2 was dose-dependently reduced up to 95%. In contrast, repeated dosing (7 days) with ridogrel (3 to 25 mg/kg/day), had an antihypertensive effect in 12-week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. At 25 mg/kg/day, ridogrel reduced systolic blood pressure from 200+/-6.1 to 173+/-6.7 mmHg (n=12, P<0.01). Ridogrel dose-dependently reduced serum thromboxane B2 and increased plasma renin activity. Unlike single doses, repeated dosing reduced urinary thromboxane B2 excretion (from 103+/-7 ng/day to 49+/-10 ng/day, P<0.01) while preserving 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha excretion. Ketoprofen, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, (10 mg/kg/day for 7 days), depressed urine 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha in addition to attenuating serum and urine thromboxane B2. Ketoprofen prevented the antihypertensive effects of ridogrel. Ridogrel did not lower systolic blood pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats. We conclude that the antihypertensive effect of ridogrel involves preserving renal prostaglandin synthesis during thromboxane attenuation.
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