International humanitarian and development specialist with more than 35 years of experience. Leadership and program development capacities. Specializing in methodological approaches to program research/implementation science (mixed methods). Developmental evaluation experience. French language expertise. Technical work in more than 30 countries. Unapologetic glocalist.
Background In Rwanda, the combined effects of the 1994 genocide and the spread of AIDS have resul... more Background In Rwanda, the combined effects of the 1994 genocide and the spread of AIDS have resulted in large numbers of orphans. Many of these are not only orphans but also youth heads of households (YHH). Orphans and YHH are particularly vulnerable to maltreatment because of marginalization from the community. The objectives of this study were to: (a) determine the prevalence of maltreatment among YHH after a two year follow-up by age and gender; (b) assess the association between certain behavioral, contextual, and socio-demographic factors and maltreatment; and (c) determine predictors of maltreatment in that community. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 692 YHH, aged 10-24, in Gikongoro, Rwanda, all beneficiaries of a World Vision basic needs program. In addition, four gender-mixed focus groups with youth with a total of 32 participants and nine gender-mixed focus groups with adults from the community with a total 61 participants were held. Results The findings reveal that the p...
Presently, there is no shortage of methods for collecting data on populations requiring assistanc... more Presently, there is no shortage of methods for collecting data on populations requiring assistance from humanitarian health interventions. However, utilizing a working group, the authors of this paper have looked at these methods through a critical lens and found that there is need for improvement upon existing systems of data collection and analysis. The authors concluded that efforts to standardize the methods of data collection are needed to achieve universal uniformity, and that more funding should be allocated to analyze the data collected.
CHALLENGE: Faculty development initiatives which leverage globally distributed teams for program ... more CHALLENGE: Faculty development initiatives which leverage globally distributed teams for program design and instruction can easily miss or lose track of critical contextual issues, especially when engaging online with program participants located distant or unfamiliar settings. Interpreting and adapting the ISTE standards for relevant PD in technologically marginalized settings is not always straightforward.INTERVENTION: A participatory approach to program design was used for development of a faculty development program which combined international and local facilitators in a blended (face-to-face/online) strategy, and a novel SMS-based participant feedback system was implemented to inform ongoing adaptation of the program.OUTCOMES: (1) Understand how global standards can be contextualized for the design of locally relevant PD programming via a process of participatory design. (2) Understand how the blended approaches to PD which integrate OER and globally-distributed facilitators w...
Localized actionable evidence for addressing threats to the environment and human security lacks ... more Localized actionable evidence for addressing threats to the environment and human security lacks a comprehensive conceptual frame that incorporates challenges associated with active conflicts. Protective pathways linking previously disciplinarily-divided literatures on environmental security, human security and resilience in a coherent conceptual frame that identifies key relationships is used to analyze a novel, unstructured data set of Global Environment Fund (GEF) programmatic documents. Sub-national geospatial analysis of GEF documentation relating to projects in Africa finds 73% of districts with GEF land degradation projects were co-located with active conflict events. This study utilizes Natural Language Processing on a unique data set of 1500 GEF evaluations to identify text entities associated with conflict. Additional project case studies explore the sequence and relationships of environmental and human security concepts that lead to project success or failure. Differences...
Easy-to-collect dietary indicators have been used increasingly for planning and evaluation of foo... more Easy-to-collect dietary indicators have been used increasingly for planning and evaluation of food security interventions. Various indicators have been employed, but rarely has a full set of indicators been compared using a common framework. This paper evaluates the performance of five dietary indicators for the assessment of household energy consumption using a common framework and recent data from Mozambique. Data were analyzed from a 2004 household survey, Current Vulnerability Analysis in Seven Provinces of Mozambique. Households (n = 4,358) were sampled from 42 rural districts using a two-stage design, and a quantitative 24-hour dietary recall was employed. Household energy intake ratios were calculated as the food energy consumed by household members divided by the sum of the members' recommended intakes. Five proxy indicators of household consumption in the previous day were developed: the number of meals, the number of food groups, the number of food items, a score based...
This series of Title II Generic Indicator Guides has been developed by the Food and Nutrition Tec... more This series of Title II Generic Indicator Guides has been developed by the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANta) Project and its predecessor projects (IMPACT, LINKAGES), as part of USAID's support of the Cooperating Sponsors in developing monitoring and ...
Abstract. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), and iron deficiency ane... more Abstract. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affect large numbers of the populations in Asia, often overlapping. Clinical VAD is probably declining, but subclinical VAD is common and carries significant mortality risk. IDDs fall when there are effective iodized salt programs. IDA persists unchanged at high levels, particularly affecting women and children. Deficiency control programs—notably high-dose vitamin A capsules sixmonthly for children and iodized salt—are under way in many areas, and need to be sustained and made universal. Fortification is a key long-run solution, and multiple fortification and supplementation need to be researched and implemented. Better information is needed on programs and their impact; even baseline data are scarce. Public–private coalitions should be fostered with the food industry and others concerned. Capacity-building for the range of actions for controlling deficiencies should be an ear...
opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ... more opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. The authors are grateful to a number of individuals who provided important support and comments in the course of preparing this document. Eunyong Chung and Andrew Swiderski of USAID Global Bureau's Office of Health and Nutrition were very instrumental at the early stages of defining this activity, and their comments on an earlier draft were especially useful. Technical Assistance (FANta) Project and its predecessor projects (IMPACT, LINKAGES), as part of USAID's support of the Cooperating Sponsors in developing monitoring and evaluation systems for use in Title II programs. These guides are intended to provide the technical basis for the indicators and the recommended method for collecting, analyzing and reporting on the generic indicators that were developed in consultation with the PVOs in 1995/1996. In addition to the above categories, other guides are under preparati...
Status quo paradigms of evaluation design and data collection are experiencing a ‘big bang’ disru... more Status quo paradigms of evaluation design and data collection are experiencing a ‘big bang’ disruption from novel and rich data streams that leverage emergent information and communication technologies coupled with dramatic increases in connectivity. Food security and nutrition are complex problems that continue to be a primary focus of both emergency and development programs and policy. Food and nutrition security evaluation and information systems (FNSI) have a long history of integrating traditional data collection methods with emergent technology such as geographic information systems and remote sensing. This paper briefly reviews the evolution of FNSI from a complex systems perspective. It then analyzes the utility of recent technological advances and provides examples of how novel methods of information capture, curation, analysis and communication strengthen FNSI. A new analytical framework is presented based on a value stream comparison of conventional information and emerge...
Most rural people globally cook with firewood or other sources of biomass. When biomass that has ... more Most rural people globally cook with firewood or other sources of biomass. When biomass that has more productive uses is instead burnt, it is a sign of household level energy insecurity. Burning crop residue and dung for fuel reduces the availability of fertilizer and fodder, as well as directly contributes to poor health outcomes. Ethiopia is largely deforested, and now many of Ethiopia’s trees are on farms rather than in forests. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship of on-farm trees to household-level energy security, rural livelihoods, and wellbeing. Using an econometric model with 20-year panel data from rural Ethiopia, we find on-farm trees contribute to building the household’s most valuable asset: their home. By contributing to household-level energy security, we find on-farm trees increase crop residue availability for maintaining the rural household’s second most valuable asset: their livestock. Large development efforts, including integrated wa...
Background In Rwanda, the combined effects of the 1994 genocide and the spread of AIDS have resul... more Background In Rwanda, the combined effects of the 1994 genocide and the spread of AIDS have resulted in large numbers of orphans. Many of these are not only orphans but also youth heads of households (YHH). Orphans and YHH are particularly vulnerable to maltreatment because of marginalization from the community. The objectives of this study were to: (a) determine the prevalence of maltreatment among YHH after a two year follow-up by age and gender; (b) assess the association between certain behavioral, contextual, and socio-demographic factors and maltreatment; and (c) determine predictors of maltreatment in that community. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 692 YHH, aged 10-24, in Gikongoro, Rwanda, all beneficiaries of a World Vision basic needs program. In addition, four gender-mixed focus groups with youth with a total of 32 participants and nine gender-mixed focus groups with adults from the community with a total 61 participants were held. Results The findings reveal that the p...
Presently, there is no shortage of methods for collecting data on populations requiring assistanc... more Presently, there is no shortage of methods for collecting data on populations requiring assistance from humanitarian health interventions. However, utilizing a working group, the authors of this paper have looked at these methods through a critical lens and found that there is need for improvement upon existing systems of data collection and analysis. The authors concluded that efforts to standardize the methods of data collection are needed to achieve universal uniformity, and that more funding should be allocated to analyze the data collected.
CHALLENGE: Faculty development initiatives which leverage globally distributed teams for program ... more CHALLENGE: Faculty development initiatives which leverage globally distributed teams for program design and instruction can easily miss or lose track of critical contextual issues, especially when engaging online with program participants located distant or unfamiliar settings. Interpreting and adapting the ISTE standards for relevant PD in technologically marginalized settings is not always straightforward.INTERVENTION: A participatory approach to program design was used for development of a faculty development program which combined international and local facilitators in a blended (face-to-face/online) strategy, and a novel SMS-based participant feedback system was implemented to inform ongoing adaptation of the program.OUTCOMES: (1) Understand how global standards can be contextualized for the design of locally relevant PD programming via a process of participatory design. (2) Understand how the blended approaches to PD which integrate OER and globally-distributed facilitators w...
Localized actionable evidence for addressing threats to the environment and human security lacks ... more Localized actionable evidence for addressing threats to the environment and human security lacks a comprehensive conceptual frame that incorporates challenges associated with active conflicts. Protective pathways linking previously disciplinarily-divided literatures on environmental security, human security and resilience in a coherent conceptual frame that identifies key relationships is used to analyze a novel, unstructured data set of Global Environment Fund (GEF) programmatic documents. Sub-national geospatial analysis of GEF documentation relating to projects in Africa finds 73% of districts with GEF land degradation projects were co-located with active conflict events. This study utilizes Natural Language Processing on a unique data set of 1500 GEF evaluations to identify text entities associated with conflict. Additional project case studies explore the sequence and relationships of environmental and human security concepts that lead to project success or failure. Differences...
Easy-to-collect dietary indicators have been used increasingly for planning and evaluation of foo... more Easy-to-collect dietary indicators have been used increasingly for planning and evaluation of food security interventions. Various indicators have been employed, but rarely has a full set of indicators been compared using a common framework. This paper evaluates the performance of five dietary indicators for the assessment of household energy consumption using a common framework and recent data from Mozambique. Data were analyzed from a 2004 household survey, Current Vulnerability Analysis in Seven Provinces of Mozambique. Households (n = 4,358) were sampled from 42 rural districts using a two-stage design, and a quantitative 24-hour dietary recall was employed. Household energy intake ratios were calculated as the food energy consumed by household members divided by the sum of the members' recommended intakes. Five proxy indicators of household consumption in the previous day were developed: the number of meals, the number of food groups, the number of food items, a score based...
This series of Title II Generic Indicator Guides has been developed by the Food and Nutrition Tec... more This series of Title II Generic Indicator Guides has been developed by the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANta) Project and its predecessor projects (IMPACT, LINKAGES), as part of USAID's support of the Cooperating Sponsors in developing monitoring and ...
Abstract. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), and iron deficiency ane... more Abstract. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affect large numbers of the populations in Asia, often overlapping. Clinical VAD is probably declining, but subclinical VAD is common and carries significant mortality risk. IDDs fall when there are effective iodized salt programs. IDA persists unchanged at high levels, particularly affecting women and children. Deficiency control programs—notably high-dose vitamin A capsules sixmonthly for children and iodized salt—are under way in many areas, and need to be sustained and made universal. Fortification is a key long-run solution, and multiple fortification and supplementation need to be researched and implemented. Better information is needed on programs and their impact; even baseline data are scarce. Public–private coalitions should be fostered with the food industry and others concerned. Capacity-building for the range of actions for controlling deficiencies should be an ear...
opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ... more opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. The authors are grateful to a number of individuals who provided important support and comments in the course of preparing this document. Eunyong Chung and Andrew Swiderski of USAID Global Bureau's Office of Health and Nutrition were very instrumental at the early stages of defining this activity, and their comments on an earlier draft were especially useful. Technical Assistance (FANta) Project and its predecessor projects (IMPACT, LINKAGES), as part of USAID's support of the Cooperating Sponsors in developing monitoring and evaluation systems for use in Title II programs. These guides are intended to provide the technical basis for the indicators and the recommended method for collecting, analyzing and reporting on the generic indicators that were developed in consultation with the PVOs in 1995/1996. In addition to the above categories, other guides are under preparati...
Status quo paradigms of evaluation design and data collection are experiencing a ‘big bang’ disru... more Status quo paradigms of evaluation design and data collection are experiencing a ‘big bang’ disruption from novel and rich data streams that leverage emergent information and communication technologies coupled with dramatic increases in connectivity. Food security and nutrition are complex problems that continue to be a primary focus of both emergency and development programs and policy. Food and nutrition security evaluation and information systems (FNSI) have a long history of integrating traditional data collection methods with emergent technology such as geographic information systems and remote sensing. This paper briefly reviews the evolution of FNSI from a complex systems perspective. It then analyzes the utility of recent technological advances and provides examples of how novel methods of information capture, curation, analysis and communication strengthen FNSI. A new analytical framework is presented based on a value stream comparison of conventional information and emerge...
Most rural people globally cook with firewood or other sources of biomass. When biomass that has ... more Most rural people globally cook with firewood or other sources of biomass. When biomass that has more productive uses is instead burnt, it is a sign of household level energy insecurity. Burning crop residue and dung for fuel reduces the availability of fertilizer and fodder, as well as directly contributes to poor health outcomes. Ethiopia is largely deforested, and now many of Ethiopia’s trees are on farms rather than in forests. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship of on-farm trees to household-level energy security, rural livelihoods, and wellbeing. Using an econometric model with 20-year panel data from rural Ethiopia, we find on-farm trees contribute to building the household’s most valuable asset: their home. By contributing to household-level energy security, we find on-farm trees increase crop residue availability for maintaining the rural household’s second most valuable asset: their livestock. Large development efforts, including integrated wa...
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