Weed management in rice through integration of chemical and mechanical approach in direct seeding... more Weed management in rice through integration of chemical and mechanical approach in direct seeding under Pakistani conditions Rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop occupies a pivotal position in Pakistan's agriculture not only due to the area under its cultivation, but as an export commodity and food security item. At present, more than one third of the human population depends on rice crop for their daily sustenance. Throughout the world, 530 million tons of paddy rice production at an average yield of 3.5 t ha-1 is harvested from 150 million hectares annually. Water scarcity is a main constraint to agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water shortage has endangered the sustainability of irrigated rice ecosystem. By considering above mentioned scenario, there is an increasing demand to change policies regarding rice production by substituting and complementing the traditional rice farming techniques with available most up-to-date technologies. Direct seedin...
A study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphorus and potassium application on growth a... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphorus and potassium application on growth and yield of mungbean on a sandy clay loam soil under irrigated conditions of Faisalabad. Plant height and number of branches per plant were significantly increased by phosphorus and ...
Plants face a combination of different abiotic stresses under field conditions which are lethal t... more Plants face a combination of different abiotic stresses under field conditions which are lethal to plant growth and production. Simultaneous occurrence of chilling and drought stresses in plants due to the drastic and rapid global climate changes, can alter the morphological, physiological and molecular responses. Both these stresses adversely affect the plant growth and yields due to physical damages, physiological and biochemical disruptions, and molecular changes. In general, the co-occurrence of chilling and drought combination is even worse for crop production rather than an individual stress condition. Plants attain various common and different physiological and molecular protective approaches for tolerance under chilling and drought stresses. Nevertheless, plant responses to a combination of chilling and drought stresses are unique from those to individual stress. In the present review, we summarized the recent evidence on plant responses to chilling and drought stresses on s...
An understanding of seed germination ecology of weeds can assist in predicting their potential di... more An understanding of seed germination ecology of weeds can assist in predicting their potential distribution and developing effective management strategies. Influence of environmental factors and seed size on germination and seedling emergence of Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Germination occurred over a wide range of constant temperatures, between 15 and 40 ÂşC, with optimum germination between 20 and 25 ÂşC. Time to start germination, time to 50% germination and mean germination time increased while germination percentage and germination index decreased with an increase in temperature from 20 ÂşC, salinity and osmotic stress. However, germination was tolerant to low salt (25 mM) or osmotic stress (0.2 MPa), but as salinity and osmotic stress increased, germination percentage and germination index decreased. Seeds of C. arvensis placed at soil surface showed maximum emergence and decreased as seeding depth increased. Seeds of ...
ABSTRACT Crop residues mulching can be opted as organic and sustainable weed management option in... more ABSTRACT Crop residues mulching can be opted as organic and sustainable weed management option in maize crop. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different crop residues on weeds dynamics and productivity of maize under semi-arid conditions. Chaffed herbage (2-3 cm) of four crops viz., sorghum, sunflower, rice and maize was mixed in different combinations (each crop at a rate of 6 t ha-1) and surface applied as mulch, A weedy check and s-metolachlor+atrazine application treatments were also established for comparison. Infestation of weeds posed negative impact on maize growth and yield, nevertheless, surface applied mulches were helpful in suppressing weed pressure and improving maize growth and yield performance. Maximum increment in term of crop growth rate and grain yield was observed, when residues of sorghum+sunflower+maize and rice+sunflower+maize were surface applied in combination. Rice+sunflower+maize herbage mulch combination recorded the maximum dry biomass reduction in horse purslane (81%) while sorghum+rice+maize combination was effective against purple nutsedge (61%) suppression at 60 DAS. Moreover, weed-crop regression analysis estimated strong negative correlation for weed dry biomass to maize growth and strong positive association of crop growth indices to maize grain yield. Conclusively, rice+sunflower+maize mulch produced almost similar results to chemical herbicide s-metolachlor+atrazine in term of weed suppression and crop yield, and therefore, and can be successfully employed in organic weed management programs in maize.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 26, 2015
Phytotoxic effects of parthenium residues incorporation and parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil... more Phytotoxic effects of parthenium residues incorporation and parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil on emergence and seedling growth of winter crops (wheat and canola) and weed species (wild oat and canary grass) were examined in different pot studies. In first experiment, parthenium whole plant residues were incorporated at 6 and 8gkg(-1) soil five days prior to sowing. Pots without residues incorporation were maintained as control. In a second study, parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil collected from different depths (15 and 22.5cm) and collar regions (horizontal distance away from plant trunk, 15 and 22.5cm), was used as growing medium. Parthenium-free soil was used as control. Parthenium residues amendment as well as its rhizospheric soil was detrimental for emergence and seedling growth of all test species. Incorporation of parthenium residues reduced the final emergence of canola, wild oat and canary grass by 11-20%, 20-29% and 20-27%, respectively; however wheat emergence was...
Weeds are stringent biological constraint to direct seeded rice (DSR) growth and yield. Cultural ... more Weeds are stringent biological constraint to direct seeded rice (DSR) growth and yield. Cultural practices alter patterns of crop growth and can modify dynamics of weed-crop competition, and hence need to be investigated as a tool for sustainable weed management in DSR. Field studies were carried out during summer 2010 and 2011 to explore the growth response of DSR to different tillage systems, sowing times and durations of weed competition. A commonly grown rice cultivar, Super Basmati was sown on 15th June and 7th July under zero (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) and was subjected to different durations of weed competition (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 DAS and season long competition). Weed free plots were maintained under each tillage system and sowing time for comparison. Crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation by DSR varied significantly under tillage systems, sowing times, duration of weed competitions, and their interactive effect. During 2010, season long weed free plots sown un...
Weed management in rice through integration of chemical and mechanical approach in direct seeding... more Weed management in rice through integration of chemical and mechanical approach in direct seeding under Pakistani conditions Rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop occupies a pivotal position in Pakistan's agriculture not only due to the area under its cultivation, but as an export commodity and food security item. At present, more than one third of the human population depends on rice crop for their daily sustenance. Throughout the world, 530 million tons of paddy rice production at an average yield of 3.5 t ha-1 is harvested from 150 million hectares annually. Water scarcity is a main constraint to agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water shortage has endangered the sustainability of irrigated rice ecosystem. By considering above mentioned scenario, there is an increasing demand to change policies regarding rice production by substituting and complementing the traditional rice farming techniques with available most up-to-date technologies. Direct seedin...
A study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphorus and potassium application on growth a... more A study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphorus and potassium application on growth and yield of mungbean on a sandy clay loam soil under irrigated conditions of Faisalabad. Plant height and number of branches per plant were significantly increased by phosphorus and ...
Plants face a combination of different abiotic stresses under field conditions which are lethal t... more Plants face a combination of different abiotic stresses under field conditions which are lethal to plant growth and production. Simultaneous occurrence of chilling and drought stresses in plants due to the drastic and rapid global climate changes, can alter the morphological, physiological and molecular responses. Both these stresses adversely affect the plant growth and yields due to physical damages, physiological and biochemical disruptions, and molecular changes. In general, the co-occurrence of chilling and drought combination is even worse for crop production rather than an individual stress condition. Plants attain various common and different physiological and molecular protective approaches for tolerance under chilling and drought stresses. Nevertheless, plant responses to a combination of chilling and drought stresses are unique from those to individual stress. In the present review, we summarized the recent evidence on plant responses to chilling and drought stresses on s...
An understanding of seed germination ecology of weeds can assist in predicting their potential di... more An understanding of seed germination ecology of weeds can assist in predicting their potential distribution and developing effective management strategies. Influence of environmental factors and seed size on germination and seedling emergence of Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Germination occurred over a wide range of constant temperatures, between 15 and 40 ÂşC, with optimum germination between 20 and 25 ÂşC. Time to start germination, time to 50% germination and mean germination time increased while germination percentage and germination index decreased with an increase in temperature from 20 ÂşC, salinity and osmotic stress. However, germination was tolerant to low salt (25 mM) or osmotic stress (0.2 MPa), but as salinity and osmotic stress increased, germination percentage and germination index decreased. Seeds of C. arvensis placed at soil surface showed maximum emergence and decreased as seeding depth increased. Seeds of ...
ABSTRACT Crop residues mulching can be opted as organic and sustainable weed management option in... more ABSTRACT Crop residues mulching can be opted as organic and sustainable weed management option in maize crop. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different crop residues on weeds dynamics and productivity of maize under semi-arid conditions. Chaffed herbage (2-3 cm) of four crops viz., sorghum, sunflower, rice and maize was mixed in different combinations (each crop at a rate of 6 t ha-1) and surface applied as mulch, A weedy check and s-metolachlor+atrazine application treatments were also established for comparison. Infestation of weeds posed negative impact on maize growth and yield, nevertheless, surface applied mulches were helpful in suppressing weed pressure and improving maize growth and yield performance. Maximum increment in term of crop growth rate and grain yield was observed, when residues of sorghum+sunflower+maize and rice+sunflower+maize were surface applied in combination. Rice+sunflower+maize herbage mulch combination recorded the maximum dry biomass reduction in horse purslane (81%) while sorghum+rice+maize combination was effective against purple nutsedge (61%) suppression at 60 DAS. Moreover, weed-crop regression analysis estimated strong negative correlation for weed dry biomass to maize growth and strong positive association of crop growth indices to maize grain yield. Conclusively, rice+sunflower+maize mulch produced almost similar results to chemical herbicide s-metolachlor+atrazine in term of weed suppression and crop yield, and therefore, and can be successfully employed in organic weed management programs in maize.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 26, 2015
Phytotoxic effects of parthenium residues incorporation and parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil... more Phytotoxic effects of parthenium residues incorporation and parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil on emergence and seedling growth of winter crops (wheat and canola) and weed species (wild oat and canary grass) were examined in different pot studies. In first experiment, parthenium whole plant residues were incorporated at 6 and 8gkg(-1) soil five days prior to sowing. Pots without residues incorporation were maintained as control. In a second study, parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil collected from different depths (15 and 22.5cm) and collar regions (horizontal distance away from plant trunk, 15 and 22.5cm), was used as growing medium. Parthenium-free soil was used as control. Parthenium residues amendment as well as its rhizospheric soil was detrimental for emergence and seedling growth of all test species. Incorporation of parthenium residues reduced the final emergence of canola, wild oat and canary grass by 11-20%, 20-29% and 20-27%, respectively; however wheat emergence was...
Weeds are stringent biological constraint to direct seeded rice (DSR) growth and yield. Cultural ... more Weeds are stringent biological constraint to direct seeded rice (DSR) growth and yield. Cultural practices alter patterns of crop growth and can modify dynamics of weed-crop competition, and hence need to be investigated as a tool for sustainable weed management in DSR. Field studies were carried out during summer 2010 and 2011 to explore the growth response of DSR to different tillage systems, sowing times and durations of weed competition. A commonly grown rice cultivar, Super Basmati was sown on 15th June and 7th July under zero (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) and was subjected to different durations of weed competition (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 DAS and season long competition). Weed free plots were maintained under each tillage system and sowing time for comparison. Crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation by DSR varied significantly under tillage systems, sowing times, duration of weed competitions, and their interactive effect. During 2010, season long weed free plots sown un...
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