Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) pose a serious threat to humans worldwide, known to transmit vari... more Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) pose a serious threat to humans worldwide, known to transmit various pathogens that cause infectious diseases and arboviruses, which are viral diseases such as chikungunya, dengue, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, malaria, elephantiasis, Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Highlands J virus, Everglades virus, and crosse encephalitis virus. The emergence of widespread insecticide resistance and the potential adverse environmental problems associated with synthetic insecticides have highlighted the need for alternative methods to control the spread of mosquito populations, making it an important research priority. Safe and innovative tools, such as plant-based repellents, have recently been implemented to enhance mosquito management strategies. Plant-based repellents play a crucial role in the development of natural products as alternatives to chemica...
Khapra beetle, {Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae} is considered as one of m... more Khapra beetle, {Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae} is considered as one of most threatened insect pests around the world because of its rapacious feeding on almost all kind of the food stuffs (Sarmamy et al., 2011). The areas with low humidity and high temperature are more preferred by this insect pest (Ghanem and Shamma, 2007). The high economic significance of T. granarium can be well understand by considering that it has attained the prominence of quarantine pest so far (OEPP/EPPO, 1981) and is still under attention. The damage becomes intensifying when it is following up by attack of some secondary pests like Aspergillus flavus and Ephestia cautella (El-Nadi et al., 2001). The larval stage of this insect is severe pest of oil seeds, cereals and to some extent pulses (El-Nadi et al., 2001). The adult does not damage the food and only lay eggs while the larvae of T. granarium causes real damage (Musa et al., 2010). The losses caused by the attack of this beetl...
ABSTRACT The colonisation process of carabid beetles from field margins to crop fields under orga... more ABSTRACT The colonisation process of carabid beetles from field margins to crop fields under organic agriculture was investigated in 2010 and 2011 in northern Germany in order to find the supporting effects of grassy strips in the agricultural landscape. Displacement and speed of Pterostichus melanarius, Carabus auratus and Poecilus spp. were higher in the crops than in the grassy strips, except for the speed of C. auratus. Among the four species C. auratus, P. melanarius, Pterostichus niger, and Poecilus spp., C. auratus revealed the highest displacement and speed, whereas no significant differences were found between the other three species. P. melanarius showed higher displacement and speed in wheat than in red-clover or pumpkin. Speed and displacement of P. melanarius differed between spring and autumn generations in wheat or red-clover. When they were released at a junction of arable crop and field strips, Carabus auratus moved indifferently to either arable field or field margins/strips, whereas P. melanarius moved directly to crop centres. At the field margin, Poecilus spp. preferred to move along a grassy strip, while it moved irrespective from the grassy strips in a central site. C. nemoralis and P. niger preferred to move within the grassy strips. Our studies show that grassy strips do not affect the dispersal of typical arable field species; however, the species demanding grass vegetation can only overcome the barriers of arable fields either by grassy strips alone or by grassy strips with an adjacent hedge.
Background: Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is imperative for commercial release of insect re... more Background: Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is imperative for commercial release of insect resistant, genetically modified crops (IR-GMCs).An insect specific, spider venom peptideω-HXTX-Hv1a (Hvt) was successfully expressed in cotton plants. The cotton plants producing Hvt protein have demonstrated resistance against economically important insect pest species. The study was performed to assess the effects of Hvt producing cotton plants on Honey bees ( Apis mellifera ). Methods: Three approaches were used to evaluate the effects of Hvt protein on adults of honeybees; whole plant assays in flight cages, in vitro assays with pollen of Hvt-cotton, and assays with elevated levels of purified Hvt protein. Pollens of Bt cotton or purified Bt proteins were used as control. Results: The field experiments did not yield any meaningful data due to high rate of mortality in all treatments including the control. However, the laboratory experiments provided conclusive results in which Hvt, pur...
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) commonly known as brinjal is considered an important vegetabl... more The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) commonly known as brinjal is considered an important vegetable crop in the world, and it has been grown on a large scale in Pakistan India and China (Lohar, 2001). It is a cheap source of nutrients i.e., 92.7% water, 1.1% Protein and 0.02% Carbohydrate, having good source of calories and vitamin A and B (Shanmugavelu, 1989). In Pakistan, it occupies 9,044 ha area and its production is 88,148 tonnes (FAO, 2012). The eggplant is such type of crop which is preferred by many insects from planting to till harvesting. The important insect pests of eggplant are brinjal stem and fruit bore, leaf roller, aphid, whitefly, thrips, and jassid are serious pest (Ahmad, 1986; Mall et al., 1992; Mahmood et al., 2002; Sirinivasan, 2009). Jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla) is a serious pest on different crops in Pakistan and reported as one of the yields limiting factor for eggplant crop in the country and in other brinjal growing areas (Nagia et al., 1993). Adul...
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of grassy strips in organic farming using carab... more The aim of this study was to investigate the role of grassy strips in organic farming using carabids as model organisms. Overall, the invasion of carabids from field margins to field centres was studied along grassy strips compared to adjacent field areas away from grassy strips, the effect of age of grassy strips on biodiversity, and the movement behaviour of selected species. Carabid assemblages showed no differences between grassy strips of different age, crop fields near the grassy strips, and the field margins. Open field carabids that avoid tree shade mostly took the advantage of the grassy structures. In addition, only a small number of carabid species that like tree cover also used the grassy strips. In contrast, arable crop lands were only exploited by species that elude vegetation cover. All 89 species demanded a soil pH ranging from 4.6 to 5.6. Species that prefer a soil pH lower than 4.6 were not found in the habitats. Poecilus cupreus, Poecilus versicolor, and Carabus n...
In this study the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and IGRs (lufenuron, pyriproxyfen and methoxyfe... more In this study the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and IGRs (lufenuron, pyriproxyfen and methoxyfenozide) was evaluated against Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium at the Grain Research, Training and Storage Management Cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad from June 2015 to April 2016. Three concentrations of each IGR (1, 5 and 10 ppm) and entomopathogenic fungi (300, 600 and 900 mg per kg of grains) were applied in several bioassays and three replicates were used for each treatment. Data regarding mortality was collected after different intervals 7, 14 and 21 days of the treatment. Beauveria bassiana at higher concentration 9×10 after 21 days provided 66.80 percent mortality. Among the three IGRs, the pyriproxyfen gave the best result with the 76.66% mortality followed by the methoxyfenozide (73.52%), lufenuron (70.56%). The findings revealed that Beauveria bassiana and IGRs are effective for control of grains pests and can be used in the int...
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) are pests of stored cereals, the... more Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) are pests of stored cereals, their products and poultry feed. They cause qualitative and quantitative losses to agricultural produce and products during storage. The present research activity was carried out to evaluate the bioactivity of extracts of Azadirachta indica (L.), Citrullus colocynthes (L.) and Moringa oleifera (Lam.) against T. castaneum (Herbst) and A. diaperinus (Panzer). Three concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) of leave extract of A. indica; fruit extract of C. colocynthes and leaf extract of M. oleifera prepared in acetone solvent were evaluated. There were three replications of each treatment. Two bioassays were conducted to evaluate the toxicological and repellent effect of these extracts. The collected data were analyzed statistically for analysis of variance. Tuckey HSD test was used to compare the means of significant treatments. Results revealed that plant extracts were more effective against A. diap...
Storage of cereals and their products is a vital part of postharvest operations through which foo... more Storage of cereals and their products is a vital part of postharvest operations through which food commodities passes from farmer field (producer) to the ultimate consumer. Annual post-harvest losses of stored cereals due to various biological factors in the storages range from 10-20% of overall production (Phillips and Throne, 2010). There is a continuous need to protect the stored grains and their products against deterioration, especially the loss of weight and quality during storage. Insect pests are the main factor responsible for these losses as they reduce both the quality and quantity of grains (Weaver and Subramanyam, 2000). Sabet and Sabr, 2015). The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) is a serious pest of stored grains and their products (Burges, 2008; Mark et al., 2010). The khapra beetle generally restricts its activity to the top 12 inches of the stored grains. The beetle has a substantial economic impact due to its capability to cause huge losses to grains th...
Essential oils of Melia azedarach, Linium usitatissium, Ferula narthex, Sasurrea costus, Viola od... more Essential oils of Melia azedarach, Linium usitatissium, Ferula narthex, Sasurrea costus, Viola odorata and Achyranthus aspera were tested for their contact toxicity and growth regulatory effects against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). The highest mortality (9.70%) was observed with 15% M. azedarach followed by F. narthex, S. costus, A. aspera L. usitatissium and V. odorata. The increase in exposure time was also directly related with mortality. Larval emergence and pupation were minimum (21.66%, 40.01%, respectively) in the presence of M. azedarach and maximum 89.84% and 90.14%, respectively in control. The overall results suggest acetone extract which may contain essential oils have considerable potential to protect stored grain by killing or inhibiting the growth of insect pests and might be used as grain protectant. The Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) is a cosmopolitan insect pest of stored products, especially stored grain (White, 1995). Cryptole...
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The following investigations were conducted to evaluate grassy strips of different age for or-ganic arable fields. From September 2009 to October 2010, adult ground beetles were sam-pled by pitfall traps in three grassy strips (2, 4, and 9 years old), their adjacent cropping areas, their field edges, and a control field (age 0) in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. Carabid assemblages were similar among the fields, strips and edges. Grassy strips and edges had higher species richness and lower activity den-sity than the control field. Activity density in-creased with increasing distance from the field
The present experiment was carried out to check the efficacy of different botanicals against bras... more The present experiment was carried out to check the efficacy of different botanicals against brassica aphid. The tested botanicals were, neem seed extract, neem leaf extract, dathora seed extract, kaner leaf extract and aak leaf extract. Insecticide, advantage 20 EC served as the positive control in the experiment. Data was recorded before and after 1, 3 and 7 days of treatment application. The results of the experiment revealed that neem seed extract exhibited maximum mortality (48.42%) followed by dathora (45.54%) and kaner leaf extract (40.29%) after 7 days of treatment application. However minimum mortality i.e. 26.64% was observed in case of aak leaf extract. Advantage encountered maximum mortality i.e. 86.14%. All treatments caused maximum mortality after 7 days of treatment application. In case of pollinators maximum population reduction was observed in case of insecticide (74.29%) while minimum reduction was observed in neem leaf extract (11.57%). Hence it was concluded that...
Which carabid species benefit from grassy strips in organic agriculture? -The carabid fauna of th... more Which carabid species benefit from grassy strips in organic agriculture? -The carabid fauna of three organic arable fields, their grassy strips, and field margins were investigated by pitfall traps in 2009/2010 at Ritzerau and Panten (Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany). Bembidion lampros was main-ly found on the organic arable fields, Amara similata in grassy strips and Carabus nemoralis and C. coriaceus in the field margins. Strips were mainly used by species which prefer open areas without tree cover and also by a few species demanding tree cover. In contrast, arable fields were characterised by species avoiding vegetation cover. All species analysed require a soil pH ranging from 4.6 to 5.6. Species that occur where soil pH is lower were absent from the investigated habitats. It can be derived from the results that Poecilus cupreus, Poecilus versicolor and Carabus nemoralis used the grassy strips to invade or cross arable fields, while Pterostichus melanarius, Anchomenus dorsa...
American bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), is considered as a major pest of cotton, ... more American bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), is considered as a major pest of cotton, Gossyp-ium hirsutum, all over the globe. Due to its destructive feeding nature and continuous consumption of the same chemicals, it devolved resistant against many insecticides. Therefore, a combined application of bio-and synthetic-pesticide need to evaluate against this pest. The entomopathogenic viruses like nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a member of baculoviruses, can be the potential candidates for better control against ABW. The present study was conducted to assess the comparative efficacy of NPV and Spinosad 240SC (with the concentration of 250 mL · ha − l) against ABW in the controlled environment. The ABW was treated with different concentrations of NPV and Spinosad separately and in a combination of NPV with 0.1% Spinosad. The results revealed that highest concentrations showed highest mortality (95%) followed by 95%, 92%, 84%, 82% and 78% mortality at 1 × 10 9 , 1 × 10 8 ,...
Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) pose a serious threat to humans worldwide, known to transmit vari... more Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) pose a serious threat to humans worldwide, known to transmit various pathogens that cause infectious diseases and arboviruses, which are viral diseases such as chikungunya, dengue, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, malaria, elephantiasis, Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Highlands J virus, Everglades virus, and crosse encephalitis virus. The emergence of widespread insecticide resistance and the potential adverse environmental problems associated with synthetic insecticides have highlighted the need for alternative methods to control the spread of mosquito populations, making it an important research priority. Safe and innovative tools, such as plant-based repellents, have recently been implemented to enhance mosquito management strategies. Plant-based repellents play a crucial role in the development of natural products as alternatives to chemica...
Khapra beetle, {Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae} is considered as one of m... more Khapra beetle, {Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae} is considered as one of most threatened insect pests around the world because of its rapacious feeding on almost all kind of the food stuffs (Sarmamy et al., 2011). The areas with low humidity and high temperature are more preferred by this insect pest (Ghanem and Shamma, 2007). The high economic significance of T. granarium can be well understand by considering that it has attained the prominence of quarantine pest so far (OEPP/EPPO, 1981) and is still under attention. The damage becomes intensifying when it is following up by attack of some secondary pests like Aspergillus flavus and Ephestia cautella (El-Nadi et al., 2001). The larval stage of this insect is severe pest of oil seeds, cereals and to some extent pulses (El-Nadi et al., 2001). The adult does not damage the food and only lay eggs while the larvae of T. granarium causes real damage (Musa et al., 2010). The losses caused by the attack of this beetl...
ABSTRACT The colonisation process of carabid beetles from field margins to crop fields under orga... more ABSTRACT The colonisation process of carabid beetles from field margins to crop fields under organic agriculture was investigated in 2010 and 2011 in northern Germany in order to find the supporting effects of grassy strips in the agricultural landscape. Displacement and speed of Pterostichus melanarius, Carabus auratus and Poecilus spp. were higher in the crops than in the grassy strips, except for the speed of C. auratus. Among the four species C. auratus, P. melanarius, Pterostichus niger, and Poecilus spp., C. auratus revealed the highest displacement and speed, whereas no significant differences were found between the other three species. P. melanarius showed higher displacement and speed in wheat than in red-clover or pumpkin. Speed and displacement of P. melanarius differed between spring and autumn generations in wheat or red-clover. When they were released at a junction of arable crop and field strips, Carabus auratus moved indifferently to either arable field or field margins/strips, whereas P. melanarius moved directly to crop centres. At the field margin, Poecilus spp. preferred to move along a grassy strip, while it moved irrespective from the grassy strips in a central site. C. nemoralis and P. niger preferred to move within the grassy strips. Our studies show that grassy strips do not affect the dispersal of typical arable field species; however, the species demanding grass vegetation can only overcome the barriers of arable fields either by grassy strips alone or by grassy strips with an adjacent hedge.
Background: Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is imperative for commercial release of insect re... more Background: Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is imperative for commercial release of insect resistant, genetically modified crops (IR-GMCs).An insect specific, spider venom peptideω-HXTX-Hv1a (Hvt) was successfully expressed in cotton plants. The cotton plants producing Hvt protein have demonstrated resistance against economically important insect pest species. The study was performed to assess the effects of Hvt producing cotton plants on Honey bees ( Apis mellifera ). Methods: Three approaches were used to evaluate the effects of Hvt protein on adults of honeybees; whole plant assays in flight cages, in vitro assays with pollen of Hvt-cotton, and assays with elevated levels of purified Hvt protein. Pollens of Bt cotton or purified Bt proteins were used as control. Results: The field experiments did not yield any meaningful data due to high rate of mortality in all treatments including the control. However, the laboratory experiments provided conclusive results in which Hvt, pur...
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) commonly known as brinjal is considered an important vegetabl... more The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) commonly known as brinjal is considered an important vegetable crop in the world, and it has been grown on a large scale in Pakistan India and China (Lohar, 2001). It is a cheap source of nutrients i.e., 92.7% water, 1.1% Protein and 0.02% Carbohydrate, having good source of calories and vitamin A and B (Shanmugavelu, 1989). In Pakistan, it occupies 9,044 ha area and its production is 88,148 tonnes (FAO, 2012). The eggplant is such type of crop which is preferred by many insects from planting to till harvesting. The important insect pests of eggplant are brinjal stem and fruit bore, leaf roller, aphid, whitefly, thrips, and jassid are serious pest (Ahmad, 1986; Mall et al., 1992; Mahmood et al., 2002; Sirinivasan, 2009). Jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla) is a serious pest on different crops in Pakistan and reported as one of the yields limiting factor for eggplant crop in the country and in other brinjal growing areas (Nagia et al., 1993). Adul...
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of grassy strips in organic farming using carab... more The aim of this study was to investigate the role of grassy strips in organic farming using carabids as model organisms. Overall, the invasion of carabids from field margins to field centres was studied along grassy strips compared to adjacent field areas away from grassy strips, the effect of age of grassy strips on biodiversity, and the movement behaviour of selected species. Carabid assemblages showed no differences between grassy strips of different age, crop fields near the grassy strips, and the field margins. Open field carabids that avoid tree shade mostly took the advantage of the grassy structures. In addition, only a small number of carabid species that like tree cover also used the grassy strips. In contrast, arable crop lands were only exploited by species that elude vegetation cover. All 89 species demanded a soil pH ranging from 4.6 to 5.6. Species that prefer a soil pH lower than 4.6 were not found in the habitats. Poecilus cupreus, Poecilus versicolor, and Carabus n...
In this study the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and IGRs (lufenuron, pyriproxyfen and methoxyfe... more In this study the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and IGRs (lufenuron, pyriproxyfen and methoxyfenozide) was evaluated against Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium at the Grain Research, Training and Storage Management Cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad from June 2015 to April 2016. Three concentrations of each IGR (1, 5 and 10 ppm) and entomopathogenic fungi (300, 600 and 900 mg per kg of grains) were applied in several bioassays and three replicates were used for each treatment. Data regarding mortality was collected after different intervals 7, 14 and 21 days of the treatment. Beauveria bassiana at higher concentration 9×10 after 21 days provided 66.80 percent mortality. Among the three IGRs, the pyriproxyfen gave the best result with the 76.66% mortality followed by the methoxyfenozide (73.52%), lufenuron (70.56%). The findings revealed that Beauveria bassiana and IGRs are effective for control of grains pests and can be used in the int...
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) are pests of stored cereals, the... more Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) are pests of stored cereals, their products and poultry feed. They cause qualitative and quantitative losses to agricultural produce and products during storage. The present research activity was carried out to evaluate the bioactivity of extracts of Azadirachta indica (L.), Citrullus colocynthes (L.) and Moringa oleifera (Lam.) against T. castaneum (Herbst) and A. diaperinus (Panzer). Three concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) of leave extract of A. indica; fruit extract of C. colocynthes and leaf extract of M. oleifera prepared in acetone solvent were evaluated. There were three replications of each treatment. Two bioassays were conducted to evaluate the toxicological and repellent effect of these extracts. The collected data were analyzed statistically for analysis of variance. Tuckey HSD test was used to compare the means of significant treatments. Results revealed that plant extracts were more effective against A. diap...
Storage of cereals and their products is a vital part of postharvest operations through which foo... more Storage of cereals and their products is a vital part of postharvest operations through which food commodities passes from farmer field (producer) to the ultimate consumer. Annual post-harvest losses of stored cereals due to various biological factors in the storages range from 10-20% of overall production (Phillips and Throne, 2010). There is a continuous need to protect the stored grains and their products against deterioration, especially the loss of weight and quality during storage. Insect pests are the main factor responsible for these losses as they reduce both the quality and quantity of grains (Weaver and Subramanyam, 2000). Sabet and Sabr, 2015). The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) is a serious pest of stored grains and their products (Burges, 2008; Mark et al., 2010). The khapra beetle generally restricts its activity to the top 12 inches of the stored grains. The beetle has a substantial economic impact due to its capability to cause huge losses to grains th...
Essential oils of Melia azedarach, Linium usitatissium, Ferula narthex, Sasurrea costus, Viola od... more Essential oils of Melia azedarach, Linium usitatissium, Ferula narthex, Sasurrea costus, Viola odorata and Achyranthus aspera were tested for their contact toxicity and growth regulatory effects against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). The highest mortality (9.70%) was observed with 15% M. azedarach followed by F. narthex, S. costus, A. aspera L. usitatissium and V. odorata. The increase in exposure time was also directly related with mortality. Larval emergence and pupation were minimum (21.66%, 40.01%, respectively) in the presence of M. azedarach and maximum 89.84% and 90.14%, respectively in control. The overall results suggest acetone extract which may contain essential oils have considerable potential to protect stored grain by killing or inhibiting the growth of insect pests and might be used as grain protectant. The Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) is a cosmopolitan insect pest of stored products, especially stored grain (White, 1995). Cryptole...
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The following investigations were conducted to evaluate grassy strips of different age for or-ganic arable fields. From September 2009 to October 2010, adult ground beetles were sam-pled by pitfall traps in three grassy strips (2, 4, and 9 years old), their adjacent cropping areas, their field edges, and a control field (age 0) in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. Carabid assemblages were similar among the fields, strips and edges. Grassy strips and edges had higher species richness and lower activity den-sity than the control field. Activity density in-creased with increasing distance from the field
The present experiment was carried out to check the efficacy of different botanicals against bras... more The present experiment was carried out to check the efficacy of different botanicals against brassica aphid. The tested botanicals were, neem seed extract, neem leaf extract, dathora seed extract, kaner leaf extract and aak leaf extract. Insecticide, advantage 20 EC served as the positive control in the experiment. Data was recorded before and after 1, 3 and 7 days of treatment application. The results of the experiment revealed that neem seed extract exhibited maximum mortality (48.42%) followed by dathora (45.54%) and kaner leaf extract (40.29%) after 7 days of treatment application. However minimum mortality i.e. 26.64% was observed in case of aak leaf extract. Advantage encountered maximum mortality i.e. 86.14%. All treatments caused maximum mortality after 7 days of treatment application. In case of pollinators maximum population reduction was observed in case of insecticide (74.29%) while minimum reduction was observed in neem leaf extract (11.57%). Hence it was concluded that...
Which carabid species benefit from grassy strips in organic agriculture? -The carabid fauna of th... more Which carabid species benefit from grassy strips in organic agriculture? -The carabid fauna of three organic arable fields, their grassy strips, and field margins were investigated by pitfall traps in 2009/2010 at Ritzerau and Panten (Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany). Bembidion lampros was main-ly found on the organic arable fields, Amara similata in grassy strips and Carabus nemoralis and C. coriaceus in the field margins. Strips were mainly used by species which prefer open areas without tree cover and also by a few species demanding tree cover. In contrast, arable fields were characterised by species avoiding vegetation cover. All species analysed require a soil pH ranging from 4.6 to 5.6. Species that occur where soil pH is lower were absent from the investigated habitats. It can be derived from the results that Poecilus cupreus, Poecilus versicolor and Carabus nemoralis used the grassy strips to invade or cross arable fields, while Pterostichus melanarius, Anchomenus dorsa...
American bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), is considered as a major pest of cotton, ... more American bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), is considered as a major pest of cotton, Gossyp-ium hirsutum, all over the globe. Due to its destructive feeding nature and continuous consumption of the same chemicals, it devolved resistant against many insecticides. Therefore, a combined application of bio-and synthetic-pesticide need to evaluate against this pest. The entomopathogenic viruses like nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a member of baculoviruses, can be the potential candidates for better control against ABW. The present study was conducted to assess the comparative efficacy of NPV and Spinosad 240SC (with the concentration of 250 mL · ha − l) against ABW in the controlled environment. The ABW was treated with different concentrations of NPV and Spinosad separately and in a combination of NPV with 0.1% Spinosad. The results revealed that highest concentrations showed highest mortality (95%) followed by 95%, 92%, 84%, 82% and 78% mortality at 1 × 10 9 , 1 × 10 8 ,...
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Papers by Mazhar Ranjha