Civil Judge in the District of Cali, Colombia; and Phd Candidate Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain. Supervisors: Jessica Almqvist and Alicia Gonzalez Alonso Address: juan.villamil@predoc.uam.es
The subject of this paper is the post-national nature of transitional justice that manifests itse... more The subject of this paper is the post-national nature of transitional justice that manifests itself in the case of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (SJP) in Colombia and, more precisely, the way in which this jurisdiction is linked to legal systems, such as the International Humanitarian Law, International Law of Human Rights, and International Criminal Law, that raises the need to understand this expression of justice beyond the context of State sovereignty, and from the broader vision of the progressive internationalization of constitutional law. The thesis is that both the way in which this form of justice is created and its rules of composition, operation, procedure, and especially the substantive rules that are to be applied by judges and prosecutors in this system, forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of sources of law, in favor of a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, which coincides with the concept of post-nationality conceptualized by the political philosopher Jürgen Habermas and later developed by international jurists such as Nico Krisch.
La sentencia C-111 del 2019 constituye una de las ultimas regresiones de la Corte Constitucional ... more La sentencia C-111 del 2019 constituye una de las ultimas regresiones de la Corte Constitucional en materia de proteccion de derechos fundamentales y un claro retroceso en el proceso de internacionalizacion del derecho en ese pais. Esta decision ha restrindigo severamente el espacio de interpretacion con que cuentan los jueces para proteger derechos, porque ha reducido la efectividad de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos a travez de la negacion sisteamtica del valor normativo que tienen las decisiones de la Corte Interamericana de Derehcos Humanos sobre sistemas legales que pertenecen a este instrumento internacional. Esta decision desafia las bases del llamado dialogo jurisprudencial en Colombia y ha aumentado la separacion de la practica judicial colombiana respecto de los contenidos del derecho internacional.
The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high court refers to the growing import... more The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high court refers to the growing importance that the American Convention on Human Rights has gained among the judicial forums of this country, but especially to the phenomenon that occurs when national judiciaries implement and appropriate the doctrine of the control of conventionality. The Convention has claimed a high ground in the Colombian constitutional system due to the appropriation of international law by national courts decisions, and to the process of the internationalization of the law. By consistently applying the control of conventionality doctrine, courts like the State Council have reaffirmed the binding nature and the effectiveness of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the Colombian legal system. In contrast to a much more regressive posture assumed by the Constitutional Court in recent decisions, the State Council, drawing on the legal contents of international law, has broadened th...
Korean Association of International Association of Constitutional Law, 2020
The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties i... more The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties in Havana to overcome the Colombian armed conflict that lasted for more than five decades and split this country into violence. The universalist nature of this peace accord, and the open structure of the Colombian Constitution, compel the judges and the prosecutors of this special jurisdiction to apply international law on a regular base. This Transitional Jurisdiction relates to international law in the same way that most hybrid criminal tribunals do, and binds the domestic application of the law to the universal values of human rights. The unique legal nature of the SJP forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of law to favor a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, often framed as postnational. This research highlights the necessity to understand the hermeneutics of transitional justice beyond the context of State sovereignty, and from the broader vision of the progressive internationalization of constitutional law.
El presente trabajo estudia la proteccion constitucional del derecho al emprendimiento en un Esta... more El presente trabajo estudia la proteccion constitucional del derecho al emprendimiento en un Estado neoliberal (Chile) y en un Estado social (Colombia) y. Para lograr aquello, es menester determinar los objetivos especificos que tributen al respecto. Para ello, se analizan las acciones o recursos constitucionales de los que pueden ser sujetos activos legitimados los emprendedores. Asi, cristaliza la investigacion realizandose comparaciones entre ambos sistemas de proteccion al derecho del emprendimiento. La metodologia va de lo general a lo particular, considerando en su desarrollo doctrina juridica, analisis de normativa y de jurisprudencia relevante. Destaca entre las conclusiones que, en un Estado neoliberal como en un Estado social, en la actualidad, conviven con el libre mercado, lo que ha generado que el emprendimiento o inclusive, las empresas, se les reconozca una serie de derechos y libertades fundamentales, y, ademas de ser sujetos activos legitimados de una serie de accio...
El presente trabajo estudia la protección constitucional de la empresa, el emprendimiento y la li... more El presente trabajo estudia la protección constitucional de la empresa, el emprendimiento y la libre competencia en Chile y Colombia. Para lograr aquello, se realiza un estudio en derecho comparando ambos países, en que se analizan las acciones o recursos constitucionales de los que pueden ser sujetos activos legitimados los emprendedores y cómo se relaciona con la libre competencia. Considera en su desarrollo doctrina jurídica, análisis de normativa y de jurisprudencia relevante. Destaca entre las conclusiones que en ambos sistemas estudiados al emprendimiento o, inclusive, a las empre- sas, se les reconozca una serie de derechos y libertades fundamentales, y, además, ser sujetos activos legitimados de una serie de acciones y recursos constitucionales. No obstante, y, al mismo tiempo, la actividad económica debe estar en armonía con los derechos humanos de los demás en una faceta que reconoce no solo los derechos sino las obligaciones de la empresa en el marco del Estado constitucional. De ahí lo de las dos caras de la moneda, derecho fundamental de emprender, pero respetando los derechos funda- mentales de los demás. Y, como perspectivas de futuro, elevar el emprendi- miento, de libertad a un derecho justiciable, especialmente cuando este sea una actividad de subsistencia, en el que la libre competencia también tiene un rol de garantía para la función de la propiedad.
The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high courts refers to the growing impor... more The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high courts refers to the growing importance that the American Convention on Human Rights has gained among the judicial forums of this country, but especially to the phenomenon that occurs when national judiciaries implement and appropriate the doctrine of the control of conventionality. The Convention has claimed a high ground in the Colombian constitutional system due to the appropriation of international law by national courts decisions, and to the process of the internationalization of the law. By consistently applying the control of conventionality doctrine, courts like the State Council have reaffirmed the binding nature and the effectiveness of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the Colombian legal system. In contrast to a much more regressive posture assumed by the Constitutional Court in recent decisions, the State Council, drawing on the legal contents of international law, has broadened the range of legal sources for rights interpretation in Colombia. By this action, as it will be further stated in this article, the State Council has contributed to a move away from a paradigm of a legalism based solely on the state sovereignty and national constitutionalism, towards one that endorses the pluralist structure of post-national law. Against this background, this article aims to discuss how the relationship of national judiciaries with international law is best understood as reflecting the development of a pluralist legal dynamic, sometimes referred to as jurisprudential dialogue, that involves the broadening of the normative horizon and the internationalization of the sources available for national judges in their reasoning; particularly in the cases that involve human rights violations.
Korean Association of International Association of Constitutional Law, Apr 30, 2020
The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties i... more The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties in Havana to overcome the Colombian armed conflict that lasted for more than five decades and split this country into violence. The universalist nature of this peace accord, and the open structure of the Colombian constitution, compel the judges and the prosecutors of this special jurisdiction to apply international law on a regular base. This Transitional Jurisdiction relates to international law in the same way that most hybrid criminal tribunals do, and binds the domestic application of the law to the universal values of human rights. The unique legal nature of the SJP forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of law to favor a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, often framed as postnational. This research highlights the necessity to understand the hermeneutics of transitional justice beyond the context of State sovereignty, and from the broader vision of the progressive internationalization of constitutional law.
Desde los años ochenta existe en el derecho comparado una tendencia hacia la judicialización de l... more Desde los años ochenta existe en el derecho comparado una tendencia hacia la judicialización de los asuntos ambientales, que coincide con el creciente carácter normativo y contencioso de la Constitución y el derecho internacional. Este fenómeno, que comenzó con el reconocimiento de la entidad jurídica del medio ambiente y los derechos fundamentales conexos, ha evolucionado en países como Chile, China e India hasta la adopción de jurisdicciones especiales que aportan un grado adicional de independencia, técnica e imparcialidad a la resolución de conflictos ambientales. El acceso efectivo a la justicia pro- mueve una visión más amplia de las nuevas subjetividades y de los derechos constitucionalizados, pues trata de evitar que las acciones públicas y privadas dispongan de manera irrestricta de los bienes jurídicos ambientales, a la vez que provee las condiciones necesarias para la reparación de los daños y el castigo para las conductas irregulares que lastimen aquellos intereses supra- individuales como los que se integran en torno a la naturaleza. En tal sentido, esta investigación refleja la experiencia del Tribunal Nacional Verde de India, y de otras jurisdicciones del derecho comparado, para plantear cómo estas novedosas fórmulas podrían tener cabida en Colombia.
Después de negar por décadas la irreversibilidad y la gravedad del impacto de la acción humana so... more Después de negar por décadas la irreversibilidad y la gravedad del impacto de la acción humana sobre la sostenibilidad de la vida en este planeta , las sociedades hoy tienen que encontrar novedosas soluciones para evitar un resultado que conduzca a reducir el disfrute de los derechos por parte de las generaciones futuras y actuales. En esta línea, el reconocimiento de un espectro ampliado de protagonistas del derecho ambiental ofrece una nueva esfera de legitimidad para enfrentar un desafío que es tan inminente como peligroso. Al reconocer la subjetividad legal del medio ambiente, los tribunales han ampliado la adjudicación constitucional de los derechos para verificar las políticas actuales, desde el prisma de las consecuencias futuras de nuestras decisiones y del marco jurídico internacional vigente.
The subject of this paper is the post-national nature of transitional justice that manifests itse... more The subject of this paper is the post-national nature of transitional justice that manifests itself in the case of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (SJP) in Colombia and, more precisely, the way in which this jurisdiction is linked to legal systems, such as the International Humanitarian Law, International Law of Human Rights, and International Criminal Law, that raises the need to understand this expression of justice beyond the context of State sovereignty, and from the broader vision of the progressive internationalization of constitutional law. The thesis is that both the way in which this form of justice is created and its rules of composition, operation, procedure, and especially the substantive rules that are to be applied by judges and prosecutors in this system, forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of sources of law, in favor of a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, which coincides with the concept of post-nationality conceptualized by the political philosopher Jürgen Habermas and later developed by international jurists such as Nico Krisch.
La sentencia C-111 del 2019 constituye una de las ultimas regresiones de la Corte Constitucional ... more La sentencia C-111 del 2019 constituye una de las ultimas regresiones de la Corte Constitucional en materia de proteccion de derechos fundamentales y un claro retroceso en el proceso de internacionalizacion del derecho en ese pais. Esta decision ha restrindigo severamente el espacio de interpretacion con que cuentan los jueces para proteger derechos, porque ha reducido la efectividad de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos a travez de la negacion sisteamtica del valor normativo que tienen las decisiones de la Corte Interamericana de Derehcos Humanos sobre sistemas legales que pertenecen a este instrumento internacional. Esta decision desafia las bases del llamado dialogo jurisprudencial en Colombia y ha aumentado la separacion de la practica judicial colombiana respecto de los contenidos del derecho internacional.
The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high court refers to the growing import... more The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high court refers to the growing importance that the American Convention on Human Rights has gained among the judicial forums of this country, but especially to the phenomenon that occurs when national judiciaries implement and appropriate the doctrine of the control of conventionality. The Convention has claimed a high ground in the Colombian constitutional system due to the appropriation of international law by national courts decisions, and to the process of the internationalization of the law. By consistently applying the control of conventionality doctrine, courts like the State Council have reaffirmed the binding nature and the effectiveness of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the Colombian legal system. In contrast to a much more regressive posture assumed by the Constitutional Court in recent decisions, the State Council, drawing on the legal contents of international law, has broadened th...
Korean Association of International Association of Constitutional Law, 2020
The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties i... more The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties in Havana to overcome the Colombian armed conflict that lasted for more than five decades and split this country into violence. The universalist nature of this peace accord, and the open structure of the Colombian Constitution, compel the judges and the prosecutors of this special jurisdiction to apply international law on a regular base. This Transitional Jurisdiction relates to international law in the same way that most hybrid criminal tribunals do, and binds the domestic application of the law to the universal values of human rights. The unique legal nature of the SJP forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of law to favor a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, often framed as postnational. This research highlights the necessity to understand the hermeneutics of transitional justice beyond the context of State sovereignty, and from the broader vision of the progressive internationalization of constitutional law.
El presente trabajo estudia la proteccion constitucional del derecho al emprendimiento en un Esta... more El presente trabajo estudia la proteccion constitucional del derecho al emprendimiento en un Estado neoliberal (Chile) y en un Estado social (Colombia) y. Para lograr aquello, es menester determinar los objetivos especificos que tributen al respecto. Para ello, se analizan las acciones o recursos constitucionales de los que pueden ser sujetos activos legitimados los emprendedores. Asi, cristaliza la investigacion realizandose comparaciones entre ambos sistemas de proteccion al derecho del emprendimiento. La metodologia va de lo general a lo particular, considerando en su desarrollo doctrina juridica, analisis de normativa y de jurisprudencia relevante. Destaca entre las conclusiones que, en un Estado neoliberal como en un Estado social, en la actualidad, conviven con el libre mercado, lo que ha generado que el emprendimiento o inclusive, las empresas, se les reconozca una serie de derechos y libertades fundamentales, y, ademas de ser sujetos activos legitimados de una serie de accio...
El presente trabajo estudia la protección constitucional de la empresa, el emprendimiento y la li... more El presente trabajo estudia la protección constitucional de la empresa, el emprendimiento y la libre competencia en Chile y Colombia. Para lograr aquello, se realiza un estudio en derecho comparando ambos países, en que se analizan las acciones o recursos constitucionales de los que pueden ser sujetos activos legitimados los emprendedores y cómo se relaciona con la libre competencia. Considera en su desarrollo doctrina jurídica, análisis de normativa y de jurisprudencia relevante. Destaca entre las conclusiones que en ambos sistemas estudiados al emprendimiento o, inclusive, a las empre- sas, se les reconozca una serie de derechos y libertades fundamentales, y, además, ser sujetos activos legitimados de una serie de acciones y recursos constitucionales. No obstante, y, al mismo tiempo, la actividad económica debe estar en armonía con los derechos humanos de los demás en una faceta que reconoce no solo los derechos sino las obligaciones de la empresa en el marco del Estado constitucional. De ahí lo de las dos caras de la moneda, derecho fundamental de emprender, pero respetando los derechos funda- mentales de los demás. Y, como perspectivas de futuro, elevar el emprendi- miento, de libertad a un derecho justiciable, especialmente cuando este sea una actividad de subsistencia, en el que la libre competencia también tiene un rol de garantía para la función de la propiedad.
The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high courts refers to the growing impor... more The internationalization of adjudication in the Colombian high courts refers to the growing importance that the American Convention on Human Rights has gained among the judicial forums of this country, but especially to the phenomenon that occurs when national judiciaries implement and appropriate the doctrine of the control of conventionality. The Convention has claimed a high ground in the Colombian constitutional system due to the appropriation of international law by national courts decisions, and to the process of the internationalization of the law. By consistently applying the control of conventionality doctrine, courts like the State Council have reaffirmed the binding nature and the effectiveness of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the Colombian legal system. In contrast to a much more regressive posture assumed by the Constitutional Court in recent decisions, the State Council, drawing on the legal contents of international law, has broadened the range of legal sources for rights interpretation in Colombia. By this action, as it will be further stated in this article, the State Council has contributed to a move away from a paradigm of a legalism based solely on the state sovereignty and national constitutionalism, towards one that endorses the pluralist structure of post-national law. Against this background, this article aims to discuss how the relationship of national judiciaries with international law is best understood as reflecting the development of a pluralist legal dynamic, sometimes referred to as jurisprudential dialogue, that involves the broadening of the normative horizon and the internationalization of the sources available for national judges in their reasoning; particularly in the cases that involve human rights violations.
Korean Association of International Association of Constitutional Law, Apr 30, 2020
The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties i... more The Special Jurisdiction for Peace was the judicial mechanism chosen by the negotiating parties in Havana to overcome the Colombian armed conflict that lasted for more than five decades and split this country into violence. The universalist nature of this peace accord, and the open structure of the Colombian constitution, compel the judges and the prosecutors of this special jurisdiction to apply international law on a regular base. This Transitional Jurisdiction relates to international law in the same way that most hybrid criminal tribunals do, and binds the domestic application of the law to the universal values of human rights. The unique legal nature of the SJP forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of law to favor a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, often framed as postnational. This research highlights the necessity to understand the hermeneutics of transitional justice beyond the context of State sovereignty, and from the broader vision of the progressive internationalization of constitutional law.
Desde los años ochenta existe en el derecho comparado una tendencia hacia la judicialización de l... more Desde los años ochenta existe en el derecho comparado una tendencia hacia la judicialización de los asuntos ambientales, que coincide con el creciente carácter normativo y contencioso de la Constitución y el derecho internacional. Este fenómeno, que comenzó con el reconocimiento de la entidad jurídica del medio ambiente y los derechos fundamentales conexos, ha evolucionado en países como Chile, China e India hasta la adopción de jurisdicciones especiales que aportan un grado adicional de independencia, técnica e imparcialidad a la resolución de conflictos ambientales. El acceso efectivo a la justicia pro- mueve una visión más amplia de las nuevas subjetividades y de los derechos constitucionalizados, pues trata de evitar que las acciones públicas y privadas dispongan de manera irrestricta de los bienes jurídicos ambientales, a la vez que provee las condiciones necesarias para la reparación de los daños y el castigo para las conductas irregulares que lastimen aquellos intereses supra- individuales como los que se integran en torno a la naturaleza. En tal sentido, esta investigación refleja la experiencia del Tribunal Nacional Verde de India, y de otras jurisdicciones del derecho comparado, para plantear cómo estas novedosas fórmulas podrían tener cabida en Colombia.
Después de negar por décadas la irreversibilidad y la gravedad del impacto de la acción humana so... more Después de negar por décadas la irreversibilidad y la gravedad del impacto de la acción humana sobre la sostenibilidad de la vida en este planeta , las sociedades hoy tienen que encontrar novedosas soluciones para evitar un resultado que conduzca a reducir el disfrute de los derechos por parte de las generaciones futuras y actuales. En esta línea, el reconocimiento de un espectro ampliado de protagonistas del derecho ambiental ofrece una nueva esfera de legitimidad para enfrentar un desafío que es tan inminente como peligroso. Al reconocer la subjetividad legal del medio ambiente, los tribunales han ampliado la adjudicación constitucional de los derechos para verificar las políticas actuales, desde el prisma de las consecuencias futuras de nuestras decisiones y del marco jurídico internacional vigente.
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The thesis is that both the way in which this form of justice is created and its rules of composition, operation, procedure, and especially the substantive rules that are to be applied by judges and prosecutors in this system, forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of sources of law, in favor of a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, which coincides with the concept of post-nationality conceptualized by the political philosopher Jürgen Habermas and later developed by international jurists such as Nico Krisch.
The thesis is that both the way in which this form of justice is created and its rules of composition, operation, procedure, and especially the substantive rules that are to be applied by judges and prosecutors in this system, forces us to rethink the rigidity of the traditional system of sources of law, in favor of a more dynamic and pluralist understanding of justice, which coincides with the concept of post-nationality conceptualized by the political philosopher Jürgen Habermas and later developed by international jurists such as Nico Krisch.