It is difficult to understand the development of autogenic training in Spain without realizing ho... more It is difficult to understand the development of autogenic training in Spain without realizing how devastated Spanish Psychiatry was after the Civil War. Most of its prominent practitioners were forced into exile. Mira-Lopez, the inventor of the myokinetic test, went to England. Angel Garma went to Argentina, where he soon became the president of Buenos Aires Psychoanalytic Association. Miguel Prados went to Canada, were he co-founded McGill University Psychiatry Department. Tosquelles went to France, were he was soon the director of a most progresist psychiatric hospital. De Ajuriaguerra became University Professor and the Chairman of Geneve’s celebrated Psychiatric Services... Spanish Psychiatry became stagnant for decades, but Spain’s loss became the World’s gain. When Schultz’s Autogenes Training was first translated into Spanish in 1954 (1), there were few high ranking professionals available to take the lead.
Psychological phenomena secondary to bronchial asthma play a relevant role in this disease influe... more Psychological phenomena secondary to bronchial asthma play a relevant role in this disease influencing in a remarkable way its clinical course in each patient. Thus, an appropriate knowledge of the reactive and adjustment phenomena may lead to an outstanding medical outcome in response to the relevant conventional medical treatments usually carried out in these patients. In our present paper diverse psychosological variables involving psychological responders to a chronic disease as bronchial asthma are analysed. Such variables include so important topics as "illness behaviour", "life style", coping style" and treatment compliance in this very clinical condition.
Objective: To evaluate the long‐term stability of International Classification of Diseases‐10th ... more Objective: To evaluate the long‐term stability of International Classification of Diseases‐10th revision bipolar affective disorder (BD) in multiple settings.Method: A total of 34 368 patients received psychiatric care in the catchment area of a Spanish hospital (1992–2004). The analyzed sample included patients aged ≥18 years who were assessed on ≥10 occasions and received a diagnosis of BD at least once (n = 1153; 71 543 assessments). Prospective and retrospective consistencies and the proportion of subjects who received a BD diagnosis in ≥75% of assessments were calculated. Factors related to diagnostic shift were analyzed with traditional statistical methods and Markov's models.Results: Thirty per cent of patients received a BD diagnosis in the first assessment and 38% in the last assessment. Prospective and retrospective consistencies were 49% and 38%. Twenty‐three per cent of patients received a BD diagnosis during ≥75% of the assessments.Conclusion: There was a high p...
Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Vol. 37. No. 3. pp. 265-270. 1993., 1993
Stress, unpleasant emotions and autonomic imbalance may play a main role in precipitating asthmat... more Stress, unpleasant emotions and autonomic imbalance may play a main role in precipitating asthmatic attacks. In this study two homogeneous groups of asthmatic patients (N = 24) are treated over an eight-month period. The experimental group was treated with autogenic therapy and the control group with supportive group psychotherapy. Respiratory function parameters measured were Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first sec (FEV I), Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75%). and Mesoexpiratory Flow (MEF50%). The group under Autogenic Therapy obtained a relevant clinical improvement (> 15% of pretreatment values) in respiratory function. No significant changes were observed in the control group. These results suggest that autogenic therapy could be an effective adjunctive treatment in bronchial asthma.
In this paper the features, pattern profile and frequency of psychiatric and psychosomatic sympto... more In this paper the features, pattern profile and frequency of psychiatric and psychosomatic symptomatology of a sample constituted by 40 medical students during the usual academical period--free fron examination--are analyzed. Results suggest that there are no significant differences between the symptomatic patterns of the students of our sample and those belonging to the general population in our context. The Possible role played by stress associated to "examination" in reaching a high level of psychopathology in these students is discussed.
El LIPT-60 es un cuestionario escalar autoadministrado que objetiva y valora 60 diferentes estrat... more El LIPT-60 es un cuestionario escalar autoadministrado que objetiva y valora 60 diferentes estrategias de acoso psicológico, derivado del LIPT original dicotómico de 45 items de Leymann. En una muestra de 125 sujetos de ambos sexos, participantes voluntarios en programas de ...
Psiquis: Revista de psiquiatría, psicología médica y psicosomática, 2005
Ecpathy is a new concept, complementary of empathy, that allows appropriate dealing of induced fe... more Ecpathy is a new concept, complementary of empathy, that allows appropriate dealing of induced feelings and emotional contagion. Empathy is “the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner“ (Webster). As such, empathy is considered a most useful tool in psychology and medicine. The capacity of being empathic is regarded as a basic ability for human understanding. The converse of empathy is Ecpathy, a volontary mental process of actively excluding feelings, attitudes, thoughts and motivations induced by others. The development of ecpathic abilities is most useful for dealing with projective identification, both in clinical and extraclinical situations, and for preventing the influence of emotional manipulation and emotional contagion.
Excerpt The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be produced by ... more Excerpt The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be produced by several drugs (1). Phenothiazines have not been implicated so far in the production of this syndrome...
It is difficult to understand the development of autogenic training in Spain without realizing ho... more It is difficult to understand the development of autogenic training in Spain without realizing how devastated Spanish Psychiatry was after the Civil War. Most of its prominent practitioners were forced into exile. Mira-Lopez, the inventor of the myokinetic test, went to England. Angel Garma went to Argentina, where he soon became the president of Buenos Aires Psychoanalytic Association. Miguel Prados went to Canada, were he co-founded McGill University Psychiatry Department. Tosquelles went to France, were he was soon the director of a most progresist psychiatric hospital. De Ajuriaguerra became University Professor and the Chairman of Geneve’s celebrated Psychiatric Services... Spanish Psychiatry became stagnant for decades, but Spain’s loss became the World’s gain. When Schultz’s Autogenes Training was first translated into Spanish in 1954 (1), there were few high ranking professionals available to take the lead.
Psychological phenomena secondary to bronchial asthma play a relevant role in this disease influe... more Psychological phenomena secondary to bronchial asthma play a relevant role in this disease influencing in a remarkable way its clinical course in each patient. Thus, an appropriate knowledge of the reactive and adjustment phenomena may lead to an outstanding medical outcome in response to the relevant conventional medical treatments usually carried out in these patients. In our present paper diverse psychosological variables involving psychological responders to a chronic disease as bronchial asthma are analysed. Such variables include so important topics as "illness behaviour", "life style", coping style" and treatment compliance in this very clinical condition.
Objective: To evaluate the long‐term stability of International Classification of Diseases‐10th ... more Objective: To evaluate the long‐term stability of International Classification of Diseases‐10th revision bipolar affective disorder (BD) in multiple settings.Method: A total of 34 368 patients received psychiatric care in the catchment area of a Spanish hospital (1992–2004). The analyzed sample included patients aged ≥18 years who were assessed on ≥10 occasions and received a diagnosis of BD at least once (n = 1153; 71 543 assessments). Prospective and retrospective consistencies and the proportion of subjects who received a BD diagnosis in ≥75% of assessments were calculated. Factors related to diagnostic shift were analyzed with traditional statistical methods and Markov's models.Results: Thirty per cent of patients received a BD diagnosis in the first assessment and 38% in the last assessment. Prospective and retrospective consistencies were 49% and 38%. Twenty‐three per cent of patients received a BD diagnosis during ≥75% of the assessments.Conclusion: There was a high p...
Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Vol. 37. No. 3. pp. 265-270. 1993., 1993
Stress, unpleasant emotions and autonomic imbalance may play a main role in precipitating asthmat... more Stress, unpleasant emotions and autonomic imbalance may play a main role in precipitating asthmatic attacks. In this study two homogeneous groups of asthmatic patients (N = 24) are treated over an eight-month period. The experimental group was treated with autogenic therapy and the control group with supportive group psychotherapy. Respiratory function parameters measured were Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first sec (FEV I), Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75%). and Mesoexpiratory Flow (MEF50%). The group under Autogenic Therapy obtained a relevant clinical improvement (> 15% of pretreatment values) in respiratory function. No significant changes were observed in the control group. These results suggest that autogenic therapy could be an effective adjunctive treatment in bronchial asthma.
In this paper the features, pattern profile and frequency of psychiatric and psychosomatic sympto... more In this paper the features, pattern profile and frequency of psychiatric and psychosomatic symptomatology of a sample constituted by 40 medical students during the usual academical period--free fron examination--are analyzed. Results suggest that there are no significant differences between the symptomatic patterns of the students of our sample and those belonging to the general population in our context. The Possible role played by stress associated to "examination" in reaching a high level of psychopathology in these students is discussed.
El LIPT-60 es un cuestionario escalar autoadministrado que objetiva y valora 60 diferentes estrat... more El LIPT-60 es un cuestionario escalar autoadministrado que objetiva y valora 60 diferentes estrategias de acoso psicológico, derivado del LIPT original dicotómico de 45 items de Leymann. En una muestra de 125 sujetos de ambos sexos, participantes voluntarios en programas de ...
Psiquis: Revista de psiquiatría, psicología médica y psicosomática, 2005
Ecpathy is a new concept, complementary of empathy, that allows appropriate dealing of induced fe... more Ecpathy is a new concept, complementary of empathy, that allows appropriate dealing of induced feelings and emotional contagion. Empathy is “the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner“ (Webster). As such, empathy is considered a most useful tool in psychology and medicine. The capacity of being empathic is regarded as a basic ability for human understanding. The converse of empathy is Ecpathy, a volontary mental process of actively excluding feelings, attitudes, thoughts and motivations induced by others. The development of ecpathic abilities is most useful for dealing with projective identification, both in clinical and extraclinical situations, and for preventing the influence of emotional manipulation and emotional contagion.
Excerpt The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be produced by ... more Excerpt The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be produced by several drugs (1). Phenothiazines have not been implicated so far in the production of this syndrome...
The mental processes in creative activity combine primary process thinking, as dreams and psycho... more The mental processes in creative activity combine primary process thinking, as dreams and psychotic mental activity, and secondary process thinking, as in normal mature mental activity. This integration of primary and secondary processes has its own peculiar characteristics and has been termed the "tertiary process." Just as primary processes serve the pleasure principle and secondary processes the reality principle, tertiary processes are in service of individual transcendence or "transcendence principle." Some psychotic patients can function on high creativity, both artistic and scientific. These "creative psychoses" are defined by affective and delusional psychopathology, although empathy and affective input in interpersonal relationships are maintained, and adjustment to eve1y day life is good. From a psychodynamic perspective, creative psychoses are characterized by a predominance of libidinal drives and object search and an absence of internal persecutory objects and aggressive drives. Creativity represents an attempt to repair the loss of a highly valued object, the cathexis formerly attached to the lost object being transferred to creative activity.
Gonzalez de Rivera, JL y Rodríguez-Abuin, MJ: Cuestionario de estrategias de acoso en el trabajo. El LIPT-60. Editorial EOS, Madrid, 2005, 2005
En 1984 Heinz Leymann elaboro una lista de 45 acciones o estrategias observadas en situaciones de... more En 1984 Heinz Leymann elaboro una lista de 45 acciones o estrategias observadas en situaciones de acoso laboral o mobbing. Veinte años después Luis de Rivera y Manuel Abuin comprobaron en más de 600 trabajadores afectados de mobbing la realidad de estas estrategias y descubrieron 15 más. Después de varios estudios estadisticos, aplicando una valoracion tipo Likert para cada estrategia y técnicas de analisis factorial, construyeron un instrumento psicologico de medida, el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Acoso Psicologico en el Trabajo, al que pusieron el sobrenombre de LIPT-60, en honor al pionero del estudio del mobbing. Este Manual describe como administrar, corregir e interpretar el LIPT-60, con las escalas y subescalas de mobbing descubiertas por los autores.
Evolución del entrenamiento autógeno desde un método de auto-relajación concentrativa a Autogenic... more Evolución del entrenamiento autógeno desde un método de auto-relajación concentrativa a Autogenics, un método de desarrollo personal que integra mindfulness y meditación. Los cuatro pilares de Autogenics son la meditación somatosensorial, la meditación sentimental, el análisis autógeno y la reconstrucción autógena. Describes the evolution of autogenic training from a concentrative self-relaxation method into Autogenics, a self-development method which integrates mindfulness and meditation. The four pillars of Autogenics are Somatosensory meditation, feeling meditation, autogenic analysis and autogenic reconstruction.
Autogenic discharges. A phenomenon described by W. Luthe as an expression of the offloading of tr... more Autogenic discharges. A phenomenon described by W. Luthe as an expression of the offloading of traumatic experiences. In Deutsch Worterbuch der Psychotherapie
Brain mechanism described by Luthe to explain the therapeutic effect of Autogenic Training. In De... more Brain mechanism described by Luthe to explain the therapeutic effect of Autogenic Training. In Deutsch
La relevancia del estrés en medicina se ha hecho evidente a lo largo de tres grandes etapas histó... more La relevancia del estrés en medicina se ha hecho evidente a lo largo de tres grandes etapas históricas. La primera se inicia con los trabajos de Walter Cannon, la segunda culmina con los descubrimientos de Hans Selye y la tercera se estabiliza con la aparición de la medicina psicosomática, también llamada medicina conductual. Al primer periodo debemos la demostración del vinculo entre emociones y procesos vitales; al segundo, la popularización del término y la descripción del Síndrome General de Adaptación; al tercero, el concepto de estrés psicosocial y el descubrimiento de factores moduladores, que, como el tipo de personalidad, el locus de control o el estado afectivo, potencian, inhiben o modifican la interacción entre factores externos y factores internos de estrés. La Psicosomatica del Estres se presenta en cinco apartados: 1) La biología de las emociones, 2) Las enfermedades de adaptación, 3) El equilibrio homeostasis-alostasis y Ley General del Estres 4) El “efecto acontecimientos vitales” 5) los factores moduladores de estrés.
como se define el estres, una palabra polisémica, desde la biologia, la psicologia y el lenguaje ... more como se define el estres, una palabra polisémica, desde la biologia, la psicologia y el lenguaje comun
Dejando aparte el Acoso Sexual, en la intimidad de la pareja se dan modalidades de maltrato poco ... more Dejando aparte el Acoso Sexual, en la intimidad de la pareja se dan modalidades de maltrato poco frecuentes en otros ambitos, como el cortejo que se convierte en acoso, el que sigue tras una ruptura, el afan posesivo que se cree amor, el delirio erotomaniaco o sindrome de Clerambault, la pareja tóxica y la union neurótica que busca su mutua infelicidad.
Al tratar de la Psicodinamia de la Psicosis nos referimos a unos modos de funcionamiento mentales... more Al tratar de la Psicodinamia de la Psicosis nos referimos a unos modos de funcionamiento mentales responsables de alteraciones en el contacto con la realidad, en la relación entre proceso primario y secundario, en los procesos de formación y mantenimiento de la identidad personal, en la expresión y funcionamiento de los mecanismos de defensa y en el desarrollo emocional-efectivo.
ASEMEYA - Asociacion de medicos escritores y artistas, 2023
El amor es el motor de la vida y el médico, como guardián profesional de la vida, ha de estudiar ... more El amor es el motor de la vida y el médico, como guardián profesional de la vida, ha de estudiar su desarrollo normal, sus vicisitudes patológicas y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas. El sentido del amor empieza a desarrollarse en el recien nacido y sigue tres fases: amor incondicional o fusion, comunicacion interactiva y amor condicional. Se describe la "Amoropenia", déficit subjetivo de vivencia amorosa por discapacidad en percibir y generar amor. En la praxis medica, el amor regula la relacion medico enfermo. Para ser médico es necesario cumplir tres condiciones relacionadas con el amor: Primera, ser buena persona, es decir, amar la Vida. Segunda, que le guste la gente, es decir, amar en cada persona la encarnación temporal de la Vida. Tercera, amar su profesión, es decir, estar siempre dispuesto a adquirir mayores habilidades y conocimientos en el arte de curar.
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Papers by Luis de Rivera
Some psychotic patients can function on high creativity, both artistic and scientific. These "creative psychoses" are defined by affective and delusional psychopathology, although empathy and affective input in interpersonal relationships are maintained, and adjustment to eve1y day life is good. From a psychodynamic perspective, creative psychoses are characterized by a predominance of libidinal drives and object search and an absence of internal persecutory objects and aggressive drives. Creativity represents an attempt to repair the loss of a highly valued object, the cathexis formerly attached to the lost object being transferred to creative activity.
Describes the evolution of autogenic training from a concentrative self-relaxation method into Autogenics, a self-development method which integrates mindfulness and meditation. The four pillars of Autogenics are Somatosensory meditation, feeling meditation, autogenic analysis and autogenic reconstruction.
2) Las enfermedades de adaptación,
3) El equilibrio homeostasis-alostasis y Ley General del Estres
4) El “efecto acontecimientos vitales”
5) los factores moduladores de estrés.