The influence of different concentrations of Sevin it (l-naphthyl-n-mothyl carbamate) a carbamate... more The influence of different concentrations of Sevin it (l-naphthyl-n-mothyl carbamate) a carbamate, was experimented on population of Pontoscolex corethrurus under laboratory conditions. The survivability, activity and fecundity of the worms are greatly influenced by the residue concentrations. The concentrations uptoa level of 100 ppna favours the life activities of individuals whereas beyond this tevel the residual effect showed an adverse effect on the population.
The effect of vermiwash and vermicompost in augmenting the growth process in a variety of plants ... more The effect of vermiwash and vermicompost in augmenting the growth process in a variety of plants is amply documented. Biological role of feed supplements like semi-synthetic diets and mulberry grown through vermicompost administration on the growth and cocoon characters of silkworms is also equally well known. In the present investigation, the effect of fresh and two week old vermiwash of two epigeic earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx sp. on the cocoon characters of the mulberry silkworm, multivoltine hybrid Kolar Gold race was studied. Mulberry leaves were collected from a field where different treatments were given to the existing three year old mulberry crop. The treatments to mulberry plants included spot application of 1 and 2kg. Vermicompost, 30g NPK (300N: 120P: 120K) and Farm yard Manure (1kg) respectively. One set of the plants were sprayed with vermicompost extract (1kg. fresh vermicompost suspended in ten litres of fresh water and left for 72h. before decanting to ...
The effectiveness of agricultural residue derived vermicompost in providing protection against va... more The effectiveness of agricultural residue derived vermicompost in providing protection against various plant diseases, especially against soil-borne plant pathogens has been studied extensively. In the previous studies effective control of soil-borne plant pathogen infections was observed on application of vermicompost. Most of the research is focused on elucidating the mechanism of soil – borne pathogen suppression and the potential types of interactions between micro-flora of vermicompost and the pathogens. The current study was aimed at assessing the potential for suppression of Fusariumoxysporum (causative agent of Fusarial wilt of common vegetable crops) by Trichoderma and Aspergillussp. isolated from Vermicompost. Mycelial disc (5 mm diameter) of F.oxysporum was placed at one edge of Petri plate containing PDA and incubated at 270C for four days. Forty eight hours later, mycelial discs (5 mm in diameter) of Trichoderma isolate was placed on the opposite side facing F.oxysporum...
1. The effect of cold acclimation, which brings about changes in the total metabolism, has been s... more 1. The effect of cold acclimation, which brings about changes in the total metabolism, has been studied in the two species of earthworms Perionyx excavatus and Lampito mauritii. 2. Of the two species the lowest temperature that could be tolerated by Lampito was only 17 ± 1°C whereas Perionyx could survive at 9 ± 1°C. 3. The rate of oxygen consumption of the cold-acclimated Perionyx is higher than the rate of respiration of the normal Perionyx when measured at room temperature. The tissue respiration of Perionyx when measured at 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C shows Prosser's acclimation type IV, i.e. translation at lower temperature range and rotation at high temperature. 4. In Lampito the respiratory rate (measured at room temperature) of worms injected with extract of nervous tissue from cold-acclimated worms (18°C) is higher than that of worms injected with extract of nervous tissue from normal worms. 5. In Perionyx the respiration of the body-wall muscle tissue from injected worms, mea...
The conventional sources of Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts were substituted with vermicompost for... more The conventional sources of Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts were substituted with vermicompost for the micro propagation studies. Vermicompost (1%30%) supplemented with 8 g/L agar as the experimental media and the conventional MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L of sucrose and 8 g/L of agar was used as the control. The study was initiated to find out the effects of humic acids (HA) from vermicompost on in situ development of medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri nodal tissue on the early stages of plant growth. It was found that the different fractions of vermicompost can bring about growth promotion in different somatic tissues. Plant growth increased with increasing concentrations of vermicompost media. Hardening of Tissue cultured plantlets to plants was taken up using vermicompost and its spray in the medium of cocopeat. The study has indicated that by standardizing the technique, it is possible to develop the plants through micropropogation in an economical way. Statistically Mann-Whit...
Adhatoda vasica Nees, commonly called Vasaka or Arusha has high medicinal value owing to its rich... more Adhatoda vasica Nees, commonly called Vasaka or Arusha has high medicinal value owing to its rich flavonoid and alkaloid contents. The alkaloid content of A. vasica is known to vary with genotype, and hence vegetative method is recommended for its propagation. Effective medium for A. vasica propagation is an area of interest to researchers. Suspension culture techniques have demonstrated that alkaloids can be recovered from the callus and the suspension cell cultures. In this context, we tried to emphasis upon the use of economically viable organic vermicompost and its extracts along with coelomic fluid as plant tissue culture medium without involving expensive chemicals. In the present study, an organic experimental economical medium being standardized using vermicompost, its extracts along with coelomic fluid and friable soft callus was obtained from leaf explants of A. vasica Nees without any chemical supplementation. Direct shoot formation with leaves was documented on MS medium...
Laboratory study was carried out for efficient management of sewage sludge generated by municipal... more Laboratory study was carried out for efficient management of sewage sludge generated by municipal wastewater treatment plant. The experiment dealt with the stabilization, through the action of epigeic earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, of mixtures containing sewage sludge, Eichhornia crassipies and Parthenium hysterophorus. Chemical analyses of secondary sewage sludge (collected from Hebbal treatment plant, Bangalore) were carried out to estimate the change in composition of various chemicals in sludge before and after vermicomposting. Combined effect of vermicomposting and addition of P. hysterophorus and E. crassipes resulted in conversion of sludge into a useful soil amendment in place of fertilizers to enhance the soil quality and increase the plant growth. A reduction in pH value is achieved after vermicomposting in all the three substrates used in the study. The study shows a significant increase in levels of Phosphorus in all the vermicomposted samples with highest of 0.34% by wei...
The in vitro efficacy of different aqueous extracts of vermicompost prepared from leaves of Azard... more The in vitro efficacy of different aqueous extracts of vermicompost prepared from leaves of Azardirachta indica, Lantana camera, Parthenium hysterophorous were tested for the management of the pathogen. Vermicompost was prepared by mixing the respective substrates with cow dung slurry (9:1 ratio w/w) independently. Among the three aqueous extracts, vermicomposted neem was found to be superior to that of vermicomposted Lantana and Parthenium in suppression of growth of X.campestris. Based on the results of the in vitro studies field studies were taken up as a combination of seed treatment with vermicompost extract and soil application of vermicompost. The seeds of tomato were soaked for one hrs in different aqueous extracts of vermicomposts before sowing. The seedlings were raised in separate nursery beds of size 1m x 1m to which vermicompost was applied at the rate of 5 tons ha -1 . From the nursery beds seedlings were transplanted to plots and each plant received 250g of vermicompo...
Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) treatment by incineration and disposal of the resultant ash ... more Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) treatment by incineration and disposal of the resultant ash in landfills is the most widely used process. There is growing interest to adopt alternative technologies. Objectives: The present study was carried out to evolve an environmental friendly method to treat biodegradable part of biomedical waste collected from local hospital using vermicomposting. Materials and methods: Biomedical waste was collected after onsite treatment with 5%NaOCl as a safety measure. It was subjected to initial decomposition process by mixing with cow dung slurry in the culture tubs maintained in the vermiculture unit of the laboratory. Initially decomposed BMW was fed to epigeic earthworms in monoculture and polyculture practices to screen suitable vermicomposting method. Natural composting was considered as control. Two cycles of vermicomposting was done using fresh BMW each time. Nutrient levels and storage studies of vermicompost and natural compost were also car...
International journal of innovative research and development, 2016
First time Earthworm meal powder was used as an artificial diet for mass rearing of Cryptolaemus ... more First time Earthworm meal powder was used as an artificial diet for mass rearing of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) an excellent Biocontrol agent against mealybugs. Cent percent mortality was noticed with 1 st and 2 nd instars when grubs treated individually and as pairs per box. There was 61.33% pupation in 3 rd instar and 78.00% in 4 th instar grubs when left singly in containers. When allowed in pairs per box, there was increase in percent pupation of 3 rd (68.33%) and 4 th (82.33%) instar grubs. adult emergence was observed to be 80-90% in both the treatments. To overcome the mortality in early instars, it is essential to look for supplementing the earthworm meal with micronutrients, aminoacids and fatty acids.
Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research, 2018
Bacopa monnieri (L.), commonly known as “Brahmi ” is a glabrous, sprawling succulent herb. Coelom... more Bacopa monnieri (L.), commonly known as “Brahmi ” is a glabrous, sprawling succulent herb. Coelomic fluid was extracted from Eudrilus eugieniae by chemical extraction technique and used as plant tissue culture media for the micropropagation of B.monnieri. ANOVA, Student's t-test and Tukey's Studentized Range or Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test were considered for analyses of significance of various parameters and were carried out to compare the mean number of nodes, leaves, roots and shoots formed in the conventional MS medium and Coelomic fluid media with or without chemical supplements. The analysis was performed using SAS statistical software. Coelomic fluid and coelomic fluid supplemented with growth regulators (IAA/BAP) have equally contributed in influencing the growth and development of roots. Coelomic fluid alone could not influence the growth and differentiation of the tissue into plantlets in the absence of growth regulators. And the percentage survival of plantlets was higher in the absence of hormones. In the present investigation, coelomic fluid with and without hormone supplements have shown maximum shoots per explant. Coelomic fluid supplemented with BAP and IAA was found to be the best as compared with other treatments showing maximum percentage of shoot induction from nodal explants of B. monnieri. Thus the present study is a simple and efficient protocol developed for the establishment of direct plant regeneration from the nodal shoot explants of B. monnieri on coelomic fluid media.
Humus is a complex material formed during the breakdown of organic matter. Earthworm castings con... more Humus is a complex material formed during the breakdown of organic matter. Earthworm castings contain a high percentage of humus. These humic substances are capable of improving plant nutrition and growth, reminiscent of hormones. Residue obtained after acid-base treatment of vermicompost was used as plant tissue culture media for the micropropagation of Bacopa monnieri. Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test has clearly indicated that development of leaves from nodes was significantly higher in humin alone without any supplements. The F value was 5.5 and Pr > F was 0.0087. The weight of the plantlets (in milligrams) was significantly higher in the humin medium and humin supplemented with vitamins and micronutrients but was least in the humin medium with growth regulators. The difference observed was at the level of < 0. 0001. The explant development on humin alone has shown the significant percentage survival of in vitro micropropagated plantlets when compared with other treatm...
In the present scientific study a pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions on ma... more In the present scientific study a pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions on marigold flower to explore the effect of vermicompost enriched with bio-fertilizer organisms Serratia marcescens (P-solubilizer), Aspergillus awamori (P-solubilizer) and Aspergillus niger (Zn-solubilizer). Marigold seedlings were raised in polythene bags. The sand: soil substrate was mixed with bio-fertilizer enriched vermicompost (EVC) @ 10%. The other two treatments were inoculated with FYM and normal vermicompost for comparison. The results showed that the EVC significantly enhanced the growth characteristics like stem girth and bio-volume index of the plant except plant height. Plant fresh weight and dry weight was also more in EVC treatment. It was also noticed that there was an increase in number of flowers per plant and also in flower diameter in EVC treated plants compared to FYM and vermicompost treatments. The data shows that there is a positive response in bio-fertilizer enriche...
Bacterial and fungal plant diseases affect virtually all crops of economic importance and are dif... more Bacterial and fungal plant diseases affect virtually all crops of economic importance and are difficult to control, resulting devastating financial losses to farmers. The antimicrobial activity of eight fruit seed extract were tested against four plant pathogens viz., Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Phytophthora capsici and Pythium aphanidermatum by agar well diffusion method. Methanolic extract of Eugenia jambolana showed the maximum inhibitory effect against X.campestris with the inhibitory zone of 34 mm, whereas the aqueous extract recorded an inhibition zone of 22 mm.
The influence of different concentrations of Sevin it (l-naphthyl-n-mothyl carbamate) a carbamate... more The influence of different concentrations of Sevin it (l-naphthyl-n-mothyl carbamate) a carbamate, was experimented on population of Pontoscolex corethrurus under laboratory conditions. The survivability, activity and fecundity of the worms are greatly influenced by the residue concentrations. The concentrations uptoa level of 100 ppna favours the life activities of individuals whereas beyond this tevel the residual effect showed an adverse effect on the population.
The effect of vermiwash and vermicompost in augmenting the growth process in a variety of plants ... more The effect of vermiwash and vermicompost in augmenting the growth process in a variety of plants is amply documented. Biological role of feed supplements like semi-synthetic diets and mulberry grown through vermicompost administration on the growth and cocoon characters of silkworms is also equally well known. In the present investigation, the effect of fresh and two week old vermiwash of two epigeic earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx sp. on the cocoon characters of the mulberry silkworm, multivoltine hybrid Kolar Gold race was studied. Mulberry leaves were collected from a field where different treatments were given to the existing three year old mulberry crop. The treatments to mulberry plants included spot application of 1 and 2kg. Vermicompost, 30g NPK (300N: 120P: 120K) and Farm yard Manure (1kg) respectively. One set of the plants were sprayed with vermicompost extract (1kg. fresh vermicompost suspended in ten litres of fresh water and left for 72h. before decanting to ...
The effectiveness of agricultural residue derived vermicompost in providing protection against va... more The effectiveness of agricultural residue derived vermicompost in providing protection against various plant diseases, especially against soil-borne plant pathogens has been studied extensively. In the previous studies effective control of soil-borne plant pathogen infections was observed on application of vermicompost. Most of the research is focused on elucidating the mechanism of soil – borne pathogen suppression and the potential types of interactions between micro-flora of vermicompost and the pathogens. The current study was aimed at assessing the potential for suppression of Fusariumoxysporum (causative agent of Fusarial wilt of common vegetable crops) by Trichoderma and Aspergillussp. isolated from Vermicompost. Mycelial disc (5 mm diameter) of F.oxysporum was placed at one edge of Petri plate containing PDA and incubated at 270C for four days. Forty eight hours later, mycelial discs (5 mm in diameter) of Trichoderma isolate was placed on the opposite side facing F.oxysporum...
1. The effect of cold acclimation, which brings about changes in the total metabolism, has been s... more 1. The effect of cold acclimation, which brings about changes in the total metabolism, has been studied in the two species of earthworms Perionyx excavatus and Lampito mauritii. 2. Of the two species the lowest temperature that could be tolerated by Lampito was only 17 ± 1°C whereas Perionyx could survive at 9 ± 1°C. 3. The rate of oxygen consumption of the cold-acclimated Perionyx is higher than the rate of respiration of the normal Perionyx when measured at room temperature. The tissue respiration of Perionyx when measured at 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C shows Prosser's acclimation type IV, i.e. translation at lower temperature range and rotation at high temperature. 4. In Lampito the respiratory rate (measured at room temperature) of worms injected with extract of nervous tissue from cold-acclimated worms (18°C) is higher than that of worms injected with extract of nervous tissue from normal worms. 5. In Perionyx the respiration of the body-wall muscle tissue from injected worms, mea...
The conventional sources of Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts were substituted with vermicompost for... more The conventional sources of Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts were substituted with vermicompost for the micro propagation studies. Vermicompost (1%30%) supplemented with 8 g/L agar as the experimental media and the conventional MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L of sucrose and 8 g/L of agar was used as the control. The study was initiated to find out the effects of humic acids (HA) from vermicompost on in situ development of medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri nodal tissue on the early stages of plant growth. It was found that the different fractions of vermicompost can bring about growth promotion in different somatic tissues. Plant growth increased with increasing concentrations of vermicompost media. Hardening of Tissue cultured plantlets to plants was taken up using vermicompost and its spray in the medium of cocopeat. The study has indicated that by standardizing the technique, it is possible to develop the plants through micropropogation in an economical way. Statistically Mann-Whit...
Adhatoda vasica Nees, commonly called Vasaka or Arusha has high medicinal value owing to its rich... more Adhatoda vasica Nees, commonly called Vasaka or Arusha has high medicinal value owing to its rich flavonoid and alkaloid contents. The alkaloid content of A. vasica is known to vary with genotype, and hence vegetative method is recommended for its propagation. Effective medium for A. vasica propagation is an area of interest to researchers. Suspension culture techniques have demonstrated that alkaloids can be recovered from the callus and the suspension cell cultures. In this context, we tried to emphasis upon the use of economically viable organic vermicompost and its extracts along with coelomic fluid as plant tissue culture medium without involving expensive chemicals. In the present study, an organic experimental economical medium being standardized using vermicompost, its extracts along with coelomic fluid and friable soft callus was obtained from leaf explants of A. vasica Nees without any chemical supplementation. Direct shoot formation with leaves was documented on MS medium...
Laboratory study was carried out for efficient management of sewage sludge generated by municipal... more Laboratory study was carried out for efficient management of sewage sludge generated by municipal wastewater treatment plant. The experiment dealt with the stabilization, through the action of epigeic earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, of mixtures containing sewage sludge, Eichhornia crassipies and Parthenium hysterophorus. Chemical analyses of secondary sewage sludge (collected from Hebbal treatment plant, Bangalore) were carried out to estimate the change in composition of various chemicals in sludge before and after vermicomposting. Combined effect of vermicomposting and addition of P. hysterophorus and E. crassipes resulted in conversion of sludge into a useful soil amendment in place of fertilizers to enhance the soil quality and increase the plant growth. A reduction in pH value is achieved after vermicomposting in all the three substrates used in the study. The study shows a significant increase in levels of Phosphorus in all the vermicomposted samples with highest of 0.34% by wei...
The in vitro efficacy of different aqueous extracts of vermicompost prepared from leaves of Azard... more The in vitro efficacy of different aqueous extracts of vermicompost prepared from leaves of Azardirachta indica, Lantana camera, Parthenium hysterophorous were tested for the management of the pathogen. Vermicompost was prepared by mixing the respective substrates with cow dung slurry (9:1 ratio w/w) independently. Among the three aqueous extracts, vermicomposted neem was found to be superior to that of vermicomposted Lantana and Parthenium in suppression of growth of X.campestris. Based on the results of the in vitro studies field studies were taken up as a combination of seed treatment with vermicompost extract and soil application of vermicompost. The seeds of tomato were soaked for one hrs in different aqueous extracts of vermicomposts before sowing. The seedlings were raised in separate nursery beds of size 1m x 1m to which vermicompost was applied at the rate of 5 tons ha -1 . From the nursery beds seedlings were transplanted to plots and each plant received 250g of vermicompo...
Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) treatment by incineration and disposal of the resultant ash ... more Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) treatment by incineration and disposal of the resultant ash in landfills is the most widely used process. There is growing interest to adopt alternative technologies. Objectives: The present study was carried out to evolve an environmental friendly method to treat biodegradable part of biomedical waste collected from local hospital using vermicomposting. Materials and methods: Biomedical waste was collected after onsite treatment with 5%NaOCl as a safety measure. It was subjected to initial decomposition process by mixing with cow dung slurry in the culture tubs maintained in the vermiculture unit of the laboratory. Initially decomposed BMW was fed to epigeic earthworms in monoculture and polyculture practices to screen suitable vermicomposting method. Natural composting was considered as control. Two cycles of vermicomposting was done using fresh BMW each time. Nutrient levels and storage studies of vermicompost and natural compost were also car...
International journal of innovative research and development, 2016
First time Earthworm meal powder was used as an artificial diet for mass rearing of Cryptolaemus ... more First time Earthworm meal powder was used as an artificial diet for mass rearing of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) an excellent Biocontrol agent against mealybugs. Cent percent mortality was noticed with 1 st and 2 nd instars when grubs treated individually and as pairs per box. There was 61.33% pupation in 3 rd instar and 78.00% in 4 th instar grubs when left singly in containers. When allowed in pairs per box, there was increase in percent pupation of 3 rd (68.33%) and 4 th (82.33%) instar grubs. adult emergence was observed to be 80-90% in both the treatments. To overcome the mortality in early instars, it is essential to look for supplementing the earthworm meal with micronutrients, aminoacids and fatty acids.
Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research, 2018
Bacopa monnieri (L.), commonly known as “Brahmi ” is a glabrous, sprawling succulent herb. Coelom... more Bacopa monnieri (L.), commonly known as “Brahmi ” is a glabrous, sprawling succulent herb. Coelomic fluid was extracted from Eudrilus eugieniae by chemical extraction technique and used as plant tissue culture media for the micropropagation of B.monnieri. ANOVA, Student's t-test and Tukey's Studentized Range or Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test were considered for analyses of significance of various parameters and were carried out to compare the mean number of nodes, leaves, roots and shoots formed in the conventional MS medium and Coelomic fluid media with or without chemical supplements. The analysis was performed using SAS statistical software. Coelomic fluid and coelomic fluid supplemented with growth regulators (IAA/BAP) have equally contributed in influencing the growth and development of roots. Coelomic fluid alone could not influence the growth and differentiation of the tissue into plantlets in the absence of growth regulators. And the percentage survival of plantlets was higher in the absence of hormones. In the present investigation, coelomic fluid with and without hormone supplements have shown maximum shoots per explant. Coelomic fluid supplemented with BAP and IAA was found to be the best as compared with other treatments showing maximum percentage of shoot induction from nodal explants of B. monnieri. Thus the present study is a simple and efficient protocol developed for the establishment of direct plant regeneration from the nodal shoot explants of B. monnieri on coelomic fluid media.
Humus is a complex material formed during the breakdown of organic matter. Earthworm castings con... more Humus is a complex material formed during the breakdown of organic matter. Earthworm castings contain a high percentage of humus. These humic substances are capable of improving plant nutrition and growth, reminiscent of hormones. Residue obtained after acid-base treatment of vermicompost was used as plant tissue culture media for the micropropagation of Bacopa monnieri. Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test has clearly indicated that development of leaves from nodes was significantly higher in humin alone without any supplements. The F value was 5.5 and Pr > F was 0.0087. The weight of the plantlets (in milligrams) was significantly higher in the humin medium and humin supplemented with vitamins and micronutrients but was least in the humin medium with growth regulators. The difference observed was at the level of < 0. 0001. The explant development on humin alone has shown the significant percentage survival of in vitro micropropagated plantlets when compared with other treatm...
In the present scientific study a pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions on ma... more In the present scientific study a pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions on marigold flower to explore the effect of vermicompost enriched with bio-fertilizer organisms Serratia marcescens (P-solubilizer), Aspergillus awamori (P-solubilizer) and Aspergillus niger (Zn-solubilizer). Marigold seedlings were raised in polythene bags. The sand: soil substrate was mixed with bio-fertilizer enriched vermicompost (EVC) @ 10%. The other two treatments were inoculated with FYM and normal vermicompost for comparison. The results showed that the EVC significantly enhanced the growth characteristics like stem girth and bio-volume index of the plant except plant height. Plant fresh weight and dry weight was also more in EVC treatment. It was also noticed that there was an increase in number of flowers per plant and also in flower diameter in EVC treated plants compared to FYM and vermicompost treatments. The data shows that there is a positive response in bio-fertilizer enriche...
Bacterial and fungal plant diseases affect virtually all crops of economic importance and are dif... more Bacterial and fungal plant diseases affect virtually all crops of economic importance and are difficult to control, resulting devastating financial losses to farmers. The antimicrobial activity of eight fruit seed extract were tested against four plant pathogens viz., Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Phytophthora capsici and Pythium aphanidermatum by agar well diffusion method. Methanolic extract of Eugenia jambolana showed the maximum inhibitory effect against X.campestris with the inhibitory zone of 34 mm, whereas the aqueous extract recorded an inhibition zone of 22 mm.
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