... GERALD H. SHURE NEI L MALAMUTH SHAWN A. JOHNSTON University of California, Los Angeles ... gr... more ... GERALD H. SHURE NEI L MALAMUTH SHAWN A. JOHNSTON University of California, Los Angeles ... groups, and this general finding has been referred to as the &dquo;risky shift.&dquo; Shifts in a conservative direction in some situations have also been reported (Pruitt, 1971 a ...
... Page 277. 2 70 Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives became convinced that the e... more ... Page 277. 2 70 Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives became convinced that the evolutionary approach provided avenues for signifi-cant developments in our research program. ... Page 281. 2 74 Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives etc.). ...
In contrast to widely held beliefs, I suggest that research conducted with either criminal or non... more In contrast to widely held beliefs, I suggest that research conducted with either criminal or noncriminal samples of sexually aggressive men actually reveals many similar characteristics shared by both groups. The Hierarchical-Mediational Confluence (HMC) model is presented here to integrate these findings. As relatively distal risk factors, it includes personality and behavioral characteristics associated with psychopaths and predictive of antisocial behavior generally. As more proximate risk factors, it includes personality and behavioral characteristics specifically associated with sexual aggression, such as attitudes condoning sexual aggression, dominance for sexual arousal, and heavy pornography consumption. In addition, the model predicts that the interactive combination of the various risk factors results in higher sexual aggression than expected by the additive combination of these risk factors, a prediction similar to the distinction between "primary" and "secondary" psychopaths. A series of studies supporting the HMC model is presented. Finally, some differences between criminal and noncriminal sexual aggressors are also noted. In particular, criminal sexual aggressors have often committed various other antisocial acts in addition to sexual aggression. In contrast, noncriminals primarily reveal only some elevation in personality characteristics potentiating such nonsexual antisocial behaviors, but report having committed only sexual aggression.
This study examined the relatively long-term effects of repeated exposure to violent and nonviole... more This study examined the relatively long-term effects of repeated exposure to violent and nonviolent pornography on males ' laboratory aggression against women. Self-reported likelihood of raping was also assessed as an individual differences variable that might mediate susceptibility to the effects of pornography and to ascertain whether it predicted actual aggressive behavior. Subjects were randomly assigned to the sexually violent, sexually nonviolent, or control exposure conditions. Those assigned to the sexually violent or sexually nonviolent conditions were exposed over a four-week period to ten stimuli including feature-length films and written and pictorial depictions, whereas control subjects were not exposed to any stimuli. About a week following the end of the exposure phase, subjects participated in what they believed to be a totally unrelated experiment in which aggression was assessed within a Buss paradigm. Exposure to the violent or nonviolent pornographic stimuli was found to affect laboratory aggression. These data are discussed in terms of a recent analysis of media effects emphasizing the temporary activation of ideas in audiences ' minds. Likelihood of raping ratings was found to predict laboratory aggression.
... NEIL M. MALAMUTH, GERALD H. SHURE AND SHAWN A. JOHNSTON Table 1. Continued. VARIABLE LEVELS L... more ... NEIL M. MALAMUTH, GERALD H. SHURE AND SHAWN A. JOHNSTON Table 1. Continued. VARIABLE LEVELS LITERATURE SOURCE Physical Arrangement *Ss Seated in Same Room Ss Seated in Different Rooms Kogan & Wallach (1967c) Decision Process of Group ...
... GERALD H. SHURE NEI L MALAMUTH SHAWN A. JOHNSTON University of California, Los Angeles ... gr... more ... GERALD H. SHURE NEI L MALAMUTH SHAWN A. JOHNSTON University of California, Los Angeles ... groups, and this general finding has been referred to as the &dquo;risky shift.&dquo; Shifts in a conservative direction in some situations have also been reported (Pruitt, 1971 a ...
... Page 277. 2 70 Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives became convinced that the e... more ... Page 277. 2 70 Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives became convinced that the evolutionary approach provided avenues for signifi-cant developments in our research program. ... Page 281. 2 74 Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives etc.). ...
In contrast to widely held beliefs, I suggest that research conducted with either criminal or non... more In contrast to widely held beliefs, I suggest that research conducted with either criminal or noncriminal samples of sexually aggressive men actually reveals many similar characteristics shared by both groups. The Hierarchical-Mediational Confluence (HMC) model is presented here to integrate these findings. As relatively distal risk factors, it includes personality and behavioral characteristics associated with psychopaths and predictive of antisocial behavior generally. As more proximate risk factors, it includes personality and behavioral characteristics specifically associated with sexual aggression, such as attitudes condoning sexual aggression, dominance for sexual arousal, and heavy pornography consumption. In addition, the model predicts that the interactive combination of the various risk factors results in higher sexual aggression than expected by the additive combination of these risk factors, a prediction similar to the distinction between "primary" and "secondary" psychopaths. A series of studies supporting the HMC model is presented. Finally, some differences between criminal and noncriminal sexual aggressors are also noted. In particular, criminal sexual aggressors have often committed various other antisocial acts in addition to sexual aggression. In contrast, noncriminals primarily reveal only some elevation in personality characteristics potentiating such nonsexual antisocial behaviors, but report having committed only sexual aggression.
This study examined the relatively long-term effects of repeated exposure to violent and nonviole... more This study examined the relatively long-term effects of repeated exposure to violent and nonviolent pornography on males ' laboratory aggression against women. Self-reported likelihood of raping was also assessed as an individual differences variable that might mediate susceptibility to the effects of pornography and to ascertain whether it predicted actual aggressive behavior. Subjects were randomly assigned to the sexually violent, sexually nonviolent, or control exposure conditions. Those assigned to the sexually violent or sexually nonviolent conditions were exposed over a four-week period to ten stimuli including feature-length films and written and pictorial depictions, whereas control subjects were not exposed to any stimuli. About a week following the end of the exposure phase, subjects participated in what they believed to be a totally unrelated experiment in which aggression was assessed within a Buss paradigm. Exposure to the violent or nonviolent pornographic stimuli was found to affect laboratory aggression. These data are discussed in terms of a recent analysis of media effects emphasizing the temporary activation of ideas in audiences ' minds. Likelihood of raping ratings was found to predict laboratory aggression.
... NEIL M. MALAMUTH, GERALD H. SHURE AND SHAWN A. JOHNSTON Table 1. Continued. VARIABLE LEVELS L... more ... NEIL M. MALAMUTH, GERALD H. SHURE AND SHAWN A. JOHNSTON Table 1. Continued. VARIABLE LEVELS LITERATURE SOURCE Physical Arrangement *Ss Seated in Same Room Ss Seated in Different Rooms Kogan & Wallach (1967c) Decision Process of Group ...
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