At each point in time (year), given the technique, an average specimen of commodity has at the sa... more At each point in time (year), given the technique, an average specimen of commodity has at the same time a labour-value, a value price, a production price, a Sraffian price, an actual long-term price and a short-term market price, all of which (except values) reflect the prevailing income distribution (the trio rate of exploitationgeneral profit rate-value compositions of capital). The transformation of the vector of value prices, ($) , into production prices, (&) , is carried out using a linear operator (matrix) that makes (&) = ($) possible. The matrix is completed with other similar matrices that allow determining the exact quantitative relationship between all prices and the quantities of direct labour and total labour (labour-values). The Marxian "Transformation" is a two-step solution. First, ($) and (&) are defined using actual long-term prices () to value both costs and profits, and finally the "correct" (&) are obtained, the same ones that Marx's critics consider to be their own prices but not Marx's (even though it was Marx who discovered them: Marx 1894:165). The key is the two successive assumptions found in Capital: in Books I-II prices are assumed to be equal to ($) , and in Book III they are assumed to be equal to (&) .
This article first shows that one of the main misunderstandings surrounding the labour theory of ... more This article first shows that one of the main misunderstandings surrounding the labour theory of value arises from the non-distinction between real determination and mathematical determination: although mathematically it is possible to link value prices (values expressed in money) and production prices through a linear transformation that operates in both directions, from the point of view of a realistic economic theory the "real relations of value" (Marx 1868), which take place in the real world, are prior to, and determine de facto, univocally, those theoretical-mathematical relationships. Secondly, to study prices appropriately it is necessary to distinguish between actual prices, which are as real as labour-values, and the pair of theoreticalhypothetical prices that would exist if the rate of profit or the rate of surplus value, respectively, were uniform (which they are not in reality). Thirdly, after defining the equations of these prices in the correct way in which they appear in the literature, it is proven that it is possible to read the Marxian Transformation in two steps, showing that the first Marxian definition of both types of prices (which are defined using only actual prices) gives way to a second and definitive definition in which both coincide with the correct definitions. Fourthly, the transformation is framed in a broader framework of various (linear) transformations to show that value prices and production prices are related, also exactly, on the one hand to actual prices and on the other hand to the values and quantities of direct labour represented in the commodities, so that all the vectors involved are calculable simultaneously within a single accounting system. Fifthly, it is explained why a physical theory of value, based on a substance of value alternative to labour, cannot prosper. And finally it is shown that the only productive factor of value is labour, and, although all factors cooperate with labour in the production of wealth (use values), this is an irrelevant question for the determination of prices.
Keynesianism is a form of neoclassical liberalism which distinguishes itself from contemporary ne... more Keynesianism is a form of neoclassical liberalism which distinguishes itself from contemporary neo-liberalism by a higher realism regarding the limits of its theoretical analysis of unemployment. However, both Neoclassicals and Keynesians think it possible, after an accurate diagnose of the problem, to find out the appropiate recipees to cure unemployment in the framework of the capitalist system. After reviewing both explanations, a third, heterodox view is offered, according to which the value of the labour force, as that of any other commodity, is determined by its costs of social reproduction (ultimately, in labour terms). This commodity is supplied in the magnitude given by social conditions determining the size of the active labour force. When capital accumulation develops itself healthily, the market labour approaches full employment; whereas after an overaccumulation crisis and depression the demand of labour shrinks, with no possibility for any force-including government po...
Oikos Revista De La Escuela De Administracion Y Economia, 2004
espanolApoyado en diversos testimonios, el articulo examina algunas de las facetas mas destacadas... more espanolApoyado en diversos testimonios, el articulo examina algunas de las facetas mas destacadas de la vida y obra del prominente economista marxista norteamericano Paul Sweezy, fallecido en Nueva York en febrero de este ano. En su parte medular se resaltan algunos de los principales aportes de Sweezy al desarrollo de la teoria economica, y con ello a una mejor comprension de los problemas claves del mundo contemporaneo, considerando criticamente su relacion con las diversas tradiciones de pensamiento economico. EnglishWith the support of different testimonies, the article examines some of the most important facets of the life and work of the prominent American Marxist economist Paul Sweezy, died in New York in February of this year. In its fundamental part, the article stand out some of the main contributions of Sweezy to development of the economic theory, and with it to a better comprehension of key problems of the present world, considering critically its relation with the various traditions of economic thought.
La nueva economía política de la globalización, Bilbao, …, 2000
... Globalización, sociedad postindustrial y crecimiento económico a largo plazo. Autores: DiegoG... more ... Globalización, sociedad postindustrial y crecimiento económico a largo plazo. Autores: DiegoGuerrero Jiménez; Localización: La nueva economía política de la globalización, 2000, ISBN 84-8373-293-9 , págs. 323-344. Fundación Dialnet. Acceso de usuarios registrados. ...
Historia del pensamiento económico heterodoxo, 1997
Cualquier repaso al pensamiento económico crítico en España impone, como tarea previa, la de perf... more Cualquier repaso al pensamiento económico crítico en España impone, como tarea previa, la de perfilar qué podemos entender por “pensamiento económico crítico” en general. Desde luego, no parece sencillo “a priori”, aunque si se acude a la historia en busca de una primera inspiración, no parece abusivo afirmar que, desde que Marx escribió su “crítica” a la Economía Política, todo el desarrollo de este tipo de pensamiento ha sido enormemente tributario de sus ideas, cuando no ha girado sencillamente a su alrededor. Sin embargo, sería evidentemente erróneo reducir la heterodoxia económica a los discípulos de Marx, dado que han sido muchas otras las corrientes, y también los pensadores singulares, que han contribuido a la Economía crítica contemporánea. Pero esto nos abre un campo muy amplio al que dirigir nuestro interés, y que sería difícil de abarcar. Además, si se tiene en cuenta que la crítica es un momento ineludible de todo verdadero pensamiento, se comprende inmediatamente la necesidad de acotar nuestro objetivo para evitar la ingente labor que supondría convertir este ensayo sobre el pensamiento crítico actual en un estudio exhaustivo del pensamiento científico en materia económica. Por esta razón, hay que fijar unos límites asequibles a este repaso, y ello en un doble sentido. Por una parte, me moveré sólo en el ámbito de la teoría económica y de la economía aplicada, dejando fuera otros sin duda importantes, como la política o la historia económicas. Por otro lado, dejaré fuera todo el material crítico que se hace explícitamente desde el interior (y con ánimo constructivo) de la corriente ortodoxa dominante, entendida ésta, para mayor comodidad y de forma muy amplia, como el conjunto del pensamiento “marginalista-keynesiano”. Por ello, limitaré la atención a las tres grandes áreas que resultan de dividir el pensamiento económico crítico en “heterodoxia institucional-estructuralista”, “escuela postkeynesiano-neorricardiana” y “economía marxiano-marxista”. Haré primero referencia a los “momentos” más relevantes en cada una de estas corrientes, para terminar refiriéndome a la situación más “actual” del pensamiento económico crítico en España.
... Competitividad: teoría y política. Información General. Autores: Diego Guerrero Jiménez; Edit... more ... Competitividad: teoría y política. Información General. Autores: Diego Guerrero Jiménez; Editores: Ariel; Año de publicación: 1995; País: España; Idioma: Español; ISBN : 84-344-2108-9. Otros catálogos. Bibliotecas Universitarias en las que se encuentra ( REBIUN ). ...
At each point in time (year), given the technique, an average specimen of commodity has at the sa... more At each point in time (year), given the technique, an average specimen of commodity has at the same time a labour-value, a value price, a production price, a Sraffian price, an actual long-term price and a short-term market price, all of which (except values) reflect the prevailing income distribution (the trio rate of exploitationgeneral profit rate-value compositions of capital). The transformation of the vector of value prices, ($) , into production prices, (&) , is carried out using a linear operator (matrix) that makes (&) = ($) possible. The matrix is completed with other similar matrices that allow determining the exact quantitative relationship between all prices and the quantities of direct labour and total labour (labour-values). The Marxian "Transformation" is a two-step solution. First, ($) and (&) are defined using actual long-term prices () to value both costs and profits, and finally the "correct" (&) are obtained, the same ones that Marx's critics consider to be their own prices but not Marx's (even though it was Marx who discovered them: Marx 1894:165). The key is the two successive assumptions found in Capital: in Books I-II prices are assumed to be equal to ($) , and in Book III they are assumed to be equal to (&) .
This article first shows that one of the main misunderstandings surrounding the labour theory of ... more This article first shows that one of the main misunderstandings surrounding the labour theory of value arises from the non-distinction between real determination and mathematical determination: although mathematically it is possible to link value prices (values expressed in money) and production prices through a linear transformation that operates in both directions, from the point of view of a realistic economic theory the "real relations of value" (Marx 1868), which take place in the real world, are prior to, and determine de facto, univocally, those theoretical-mathematical relationships. Secondly, to study prices appropriately it is necessary to distinguish between actual prices, which are as real as labour-values, and the pair of theoreticalhypothetical prices that would exist if the rate of profit or the rate of surplus value, respectively, were uniform (which they are not in reality). Thirdly, after defining the equations of these prices in the correct way in which they appear in the literature, it is proven that it is possible to read the Marxian Transformation in two steps, showing that the first Marxian definition of both types of prices (which are defined using only actual prices) gives way to a second and definitive definition in which both coincide with the correct definitions. Fourthly, the transformation is framed in a broader framework of various (linear) transformations to show that value prices and production prices are related, also exactly, on the one hand to actual prices and on the other hand to the values and quantities of direct labour represented in the commodities, so that all the vectors involved are calculable simultaneously within a single accounting system. Fifthly, it is explained why a physical theory of value, based on a substance of value alternative to labour, cannot prosper. And finally it is shown that the only productive factor of value is labour, and, although all factors cooperate with labour in the production of wealth (use values), this is an irrelevant question for the determination of prices.
Keynesianism is a form of neoclassical liberalism which distinguishes itself from contemporary ne... more Keynesianism is a form of neoclassical liberalism which distinguishes itself from contemporary neo-liberalism by a higher realism regarding the limits of its theoretical analysis of unemployment. However, both Neoclassicals and Keynesians think it possible, after an accurate diagnose of the problem, to find out the appropiate recipees to cure unemployment in the framework of the capitalist system. After reviewing both explanations, a third, heterodox view is offered, according to which the value of the labour force, as that of any other commodity, is determined by its costs of social reproduction (ultimately, in labour terms). This commodity is supplied in the magnitude given by social conditions determining the size of the active labour force. When capital accumulation develops itself healthily, the market labour approaches full employment; whereas after an overaccumulation crisis and depression the demand of labour shrinks, with no possibility for any force-including government po...
Oikos Revista De La Escuela De Administracion Y Economia, 2004
espanolApoyado en diversos testimonios, el articulo examina algunas de las facetas mas destacadas... more espanolApoyado en diversos testimonios, el articulo examina algunas de las facetas mas destacadas de la vida y obra del prominente economista marxista norteamericano Paul Sweezy, fallecido en Nueva York en febrero de este ano. En su parte medular se resaltan algunos de los principales aportes de Sweezy al desarrollo de la teoria economica, y con ello a una mejor comprension de los problemas claves del mundo contemporaneo, considerando criticamente su relacion con las diversas tradiciones de pensamiento economico. EnglishWith the support of different testimonies, the article examines some of the most important facets of the life and work of the prominent American Marxist economist Paul Sweezy, died in New York in February of this year. In its fundamental part, the article stand out some of the main contributions of Sweezy to development of the economic theory, and with it to a better comprehension of key problems of the present world, considering critically its relation with the various traditions of economic thought.
La nueva economía política de la globalización, Bilbao, …, 2000
... Globalización, sociedad postindustrial y crecimiento económico a largo plazo. Autores: DiegoG... more ... Globalización, sociedad postindustrial y crecimiento económico a largo plazo. Autores: DiegoGuerrero Jiménez; Localización: La nueva economía política de la globalización, 2000, ISBN 84-8373-293-9 , págs. 323-344. Fundación Dialnet. Acceso de usuarios registrados. ...
Historia del pensamiento económico heterodoxo, 1997
Cualquier repaso al pensamiento económico crítico en España impone, como tarea previa, la de perf... more Cualquier repaso al pensamiento económico crítico en España impone, como tarea previa, la de perfilar qué podemos entender por “pensamiento económico crítico” en general. Desde luego, no parece sencillo “a priori”, aunque si se acude a la historia en busca de una primera inspiración, no parece abusivo afirmar que, desde que Marx escribió su “crítica” a la Economía Política, todo el desarrollo de este tipo de pensamiento ha sido enormemente tributario de sus ideas, cuando no ha girado sencillamente a su alrededor. Sin embargo, sería evidentemente erróneo reducir la heterodoxia económica a los discípulos de Marx, dado que han sido muchas otras las corrientes, y también los pensadores singulares, que han contribuido a la Economía crítica contemporánea. Pero esto nos abre un campo muy amplio al que dirigir nuestro interés, y que sería difícil de abarcar. Además, si se tiene en cuenta que la crítica es un momento ineludible de todo verdadero pensamiento, se comprende inmediatamente la necesidad de acotar nuestro objetivo para evitar la ingente labor que supondría convertir este ensayo sobre el pensamiento crítico actual en un estudio exhaustivo del pensamiento científico en materia económica. Por esta razón, hay que fijar unos límites asequibles a este repaso, y ello en un doble sentido. Por una parte, me moveré sólo en el ámbito de la teoría económica y de la economía aplicada, dejando fuera otros sin duda importantes, como la política o la historia económicas. Por otro lado, dejaré fuera todo el material crítico que se hace explícitamente desde el interior (y con ánimo constructivo) de la corriente ortodoxa dominante, entendida ésta, para mayor comodidad y de forma muy amplia, como el conjunto del pensamiento “marginalista-keynesiano”. Por ello, limitaré la atención a las tres grandes áreas que resultan de dividir el pensamiento económico crítico en “heterodoxia institucional-estructuralista”, “escuela postkeynesiano-neorricardiana” y “economía marxiano-marxista”. Haré primero referencia a los “momentos” más relevantes en cada una de estas corrientes, para terminar refiriéndome a la situación más “actual” del pensamiento económico crítico en España.
... Competitividad: teoría y política. Información General. Autores: Diego Guerrero Jiménez; Edit... more ... Competitividad: teoría y política. Información General. Autores: Diego Guerrero Jiménez; Editores: Ariel; Año de publicación: 1995; País: España; Idioma: Español; ISBN : 84-344-2108-9. Otros catálogos. Bibliotecas Universitarias en las que se encuentra ( REBIUN ). ...
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