Graduated in Forest Engineering from Federal University of Viçosa (1984), master's degree (1987) and PhD (1995) in Forest Science from Federal University of Viçosa and postdoctoral degree in Forest Engineering from Federal University of Paraná (2005). Currently is a Full Professor at Federal University of Lavras in Lavras/MG. I have experience in Wood Science and Technology, Forest Resources and Forest Engineering, with emphasis on Biomass Energy, Wood Quality, Wood Physical and Chemical Properties, specifically working on issues related to Wood and Charcoal Quality, Pyrolysis and Thermal Degradation of Lignocellulosic Materials, Growth stress, Wood Sampling and Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques. Phone: 55 35 3829 1415 Address: DCF-UFLA - Caixa Postal 3037 37200-000 - Lavras/MG - Brasil
Among the numerous biomass sources possible to be used for energy purposes, lignocellulosic resid... more Among the numerous biomass sources possible to be used for energy purposes, lignocellulosic residues of coffee plantations are highlighted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of waste processing of coffee beans in pellet production for the generation of thermal energy, and classify them regarding marketability, using Standard DIN EN 14961-6. The pellets were produced considering the following composition (based on weight): 100% coffee hulls; 100% silver skin; 50% coffee hulls and 50% silver skin; 70% coffee hulls and 30% eucalyptus sawdust and 70% silver skin and 30% eucalyptus sawdust. Fresh biomass moisture was quantified, as well as bulk density and energy densities. For the pellets, physical and energetic properties (moisture, unit density, bulk density, heating values and energy densities) were evaluated, as well as chemical properties (volatile materials, ash and fixed carbon) and mechanical properties (resistance to diametral compression, fin...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affecte... more The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affected by final temperature, as well as the energy losses involved in the process. Three layers constituting the babassu nut, that is, the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, were used together. The material was carbonized, considering the following final temperatures: 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850°C. The following were evaluated: energy and charcoal yields, pyroligneous liquid, non‑condensable gases, and fixed carbon. The use of babassu nutshell can be highly feasible for charcoal production. The yield of charcoal from babassu nutshell carbonization was higher than that reported in the literature for Eucalyptus wood carbonization, considering the final temperature of 450°C. Charcoal and energy yields decreased more sharply at lower temperatures, with a tendency to stabilize at higher temperatures. The energy yields obtained can be considered satisfactory, with losses between 45 and 52% (based on h...
RESUMO A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) surge no campo das ciências florestais co... more RESUMO A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) surge no campo das ciências florestais como método não destrutivo, rápido e preciso capaz de predizer propriedades tecnológicas da madeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a técnica NIRS para desenvolvimento de modelos de calibração para estimar as propriedades químicas e a densidade básica da madeira de Eucalyptus. Foram utilizados clones de Eucalyptus de três anos de idade, provenientes de plantios comerciais nas localidades de Cocais, Guanhães, Rio Doce-Ipaba e Santa Bárbara, estado de Minas Gerais. As propriedades químicas da madeira e a densidade básica das árvores foram determinadas por metodologia tradicional e correlacionadas com as leituras espectrais por meio da regressão dos mínimos quadrados parciais. As calibrações para estimar a densidade básica da madeira apresentaram coeficientes de correlação em validação cruzada (Rcv) variando de 0,56 a 0,97 e relação de desempenho do desvio (RPD) entre 1,1 e 4,7. Os mod...
ABSTRACT: This research aimed to apply the near infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRS) for fast p... more ABSTRACT: This research aimed to apply the near infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRS) for fast prediction of basic density and morphological characteristics of wood fibers in Eucalyptus clones. Six Eucalyptus clones aged three years were used, obtained from plantations in Cocais, Guanhães, Rio Doce and Santa Bárbara, in Minas Gerais state. The morphological characteristics of the fibers and basic density of the wood were determined by conventional methods and correlated with near infrared spectra using partial least square regression (PLS regression). Best calibration correlations were obtained in basic density prediction, with values 0.95 for correlation coefficient of cross validation (Rcv) and 3.4 for ratio performance deviation (RPD), in clone 57. Fiber length can be predicted by models with Rcv ranging from 0.61 to 0.89 and standard error (SECV) ranging from 0.037 to 0.079 mm. The prediction model for wood fiber width presented higher Rcv (0.82) and RPD (1.9) values in clone 1...
The purpose of this study was to obtain calibration through Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technique ... more The purpose of this study was to obtain calibration through Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technique (NIRS) for the following properties: total extractive content, total lignin, and wood holocelulose from a natural hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla owned by V & M Florestal, located in Paraopeba city - MG. The hybrid was seven years old and was planted in 3 x 3m spacing. The sampling was done in a single tree and the specimens were taken throughout the trunk. The calibrations were derived from the milled wood. A spectrometer (Bruker model MPA-R) was used. The spectra were acquired in the range from 750 to 12500 nm in diffuse reflection mode. The models were fitted by PLS-1 method. The cross-validation method was used. The first and second derivative pre-treatment were used. From the results, it was concluded that: a) the highest correlation was obtained for the total lignin content, with value of correlation r = 0.62 and RPD = 1.3; b) the holocellulose content showed r = 0.50 and RPD of 1.8...
O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os modulos de elasticidade dinâmica da madeira de Eucalyptus a... more O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os modulos de elasticidade dinâmica da madeira de Eucalyptus a partir de metodos nao destrutivos de emissao acustica e ultrassom. Foram utilizados 71 corpos de prova produzidos a partir de 42 arvores do clone comercial GG100 (hibrido do Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake), aos 6 anos de idade. Para as estimativas dos modulos de elasticidade dinâmica (MOE), os corpos de prova de madeira foram submetidos a testes dinâmicos de vibracoes de flexao, pelo sistema acustico BING® e de compressao, por um dispositivo ultrassonoro especifico UScan®. No momento que antecedeu os testes mecânicos, a massa e as dimensoes de cada corpo de prova foram medidos, obtendo-se a densidade aparente da madeira a 12%. Os valores medios de MOE flexao para as posicoes radiais internas e externas, respectivamente, foram de 10537 MPa e 17149 MPa; ja para os valores medios de MOE compressao, foram encontrados 13043 MPa e 18999 MPa, para as posicoes radiais internas e externas, resp...
The objective of this study was to select Eucalypt us plus trees as a function of the longitudina... more The objective of this study was to select Eucalypt us plus trees as a function of the longitudinal residual strain (LRS) and the crack in dex (CI). The LRS was measured using an extensometer. Each plus trees originated two logs of 4.5 m long and were sawed thick by the tangential method to extract boards of 4 cm and the largest cracks of each extremity were measured. The best relations between the LRS and the CI occur red in the class of one standard deviation.
The chemical composition of wood is important to assess the quality of this raw material for the ... more The chemical composition of wood is important to assess the quality of this raw material for the industry of cellulosic pulp production. The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. grown for cellulosic pulp production. Ten Eucalyptus spp. clones with six years of age, located in the municipality of Itamarandiba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used. Quantification was obtained for extractives, monosaccharides, uronic acids, acetates, lignin, ash and the phenolic composition of the extracts. In average, clones showed around 2.7% extractives, with a predominance of polar compounds soluble in ethanol and water; 27.7% lignin and 0.3% ash. Glucose was the main sugar detected (64.2%), followed by xylose (19.3%). The main components of the extractives were steroids, fatty acids and aromatic acids, followed by smaller amounts of substituted alkanoic acids, fatty alcohols, glycerol derivatives and triterpenes. The ethanol–water extracts presented total ph...
The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variations of wood stiffness and its genetic con... more The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variations of wood stiffness and its genetic control in Eucalyptus stems. The elastic modulus strongly increased from pith to bark. The variations in modulus of elasticity along the stem are less consistent than those in the radial direction. These findings are interesting for sawn timber breeders because it is stiffness that is desirable rather than its constituent traits or density. The genetic control of modulus of elasticity varied up to 0.4 depending of the region of the stem. We found greater genetic control over wood stiffness in two specific zones of the stem of Eucalyptus.
This research aimed to produce, characterize and evaluate the activated carbon (AC) produced from... more This research aimed to produce, characterize and evaluate the activated carbon (AC) produced from waste from timber industry of the Amazon region. Waste from Apuleia leiocarpa were collected, characterized chemically, transformed into AC by carbonization process (500°C, 1.65°C.min-1, for 30 min) and activated by physical process (850°C, 10°C.min-1 for 60 min), with CO2 (150 mL.min-1) and then the adsorbent properties of the AC by the BET isotherm and kinetics of adsorption (methylene blue and phenol) were characterized. The results demonstrated that the AC has a high microporosity; a certain quantity of mesopores; superficial area of 564.90 m2.g-1; high adsorption capacity in relation to the isotherms of methylene blue (above 350 mg.g-1) and phenol (above 300 mg.g-1). It was concluded that species has quite a promising potential for use in the production of value-added activated carbon. Additional studies should be conducted on the parameters of carbonization and activation in order...
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição e a qualidade dos resíduos do processame... more O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição e a qualidade dos resíduos do processamento de café e suas misturas com finos do carvão vegetal para fins energéticos. A biomassa do café, os finos de carvão vegetal e as misturas (10, 20 e 30% de finos de carvão vegetal) foram caracterizados quanto à umidade, composição química imediata e elementar, poder calorífico superior e líquido, e densidade a granel e energética. A inclusão de finos de carvão vegetal promoveu a redução significativa da umidade da biomassa lignocelulósica de café, assim como, o aumento das propriedades energéticas. O tratamento com 30% de finos de carvão vegetal apresentou a melhor qualidade, atingindo um poder calorífico superior de 19,44 MJ.Kg-1 e poder calorífico líquido de 16,75 MJ.Kg-1, ou seja, um aumento energético de 6 e 10 %, respectivamente, em relação ao tratamento com 100% de biomassa residual de café. As características físico-químicas tanto dos resíduos gerados durante o processamento do c...
The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating... more The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating insects on wood quality and charcoal production, and to quantify the losses per hectare according to the charcoal produced. Seven-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (clone A) and Eucalyptus saligna (clone B) trees, both in healthy condition and damaged by defoliating insects, were selected, with five trees to be used per treatment. Wood disks were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height for analyzing the properties of the wood and for preparing and characterizing the charcoal. Damage by defoliating insects decreased the basic density of the trees at all axial positions by up to 23 kg m-3. Also, the extractives and lignin contents increased, while the holocellulose content decreased in the attacked plants. Changes in the wood characteristics led to increased fixed carbon content and gravimetric yield, and a decrease in density. The charco...
Among the numerous biomass sources possible to be used for energy purposes, lignocellulosic resid... more Among the numerous biomass sources possible to be used for energy purposes, lignocellulosic residues of coffee plantations are highlighted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of waste processing of coffee beans in pellet production for the generation of thermal energy, and classify them regarding marketability, using Standard DIN EN 14961-6. The pellets were produced considering the following composition (based on weight): 100% coffee hulls; 100% silver skin; 50% coffee hulls and 50% silver skin; 70% coffee hulls and 30% eucalyptus sawdust and 70% silver skin and 30% eucalyptus sawdust. Fresh biomass moisture was quantified, as well as bulk density and energy densities. For the pellets, physical and energetic properties (moisture, unit density, bulk density, heating values and energy densities) were evaluated, as well as chemical properties (volatile materials, ash and fixed carbon) and mechanical properties (resistance to diametral compression, fin...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affecte... more The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affected by final temperature, as well as the energy losses involved in the process. Three layers constituting the babassu nut, that is, the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, were used together. The material was carbonized, considering the following final temperatures: 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850°C. The following were evaluated: energy and charcoal yields, pyroligneous liquid, non‑condensable gases, and fixed carbon. The use of babassu nutshell can be highly feasible for charcoal production. The yield of charcoal from babassu nutshell carbonization was higher than that reported in the literature for Eucalyptus wood carbonization, considering the final temperature of 450°C. Charcoal and energy yields decreased more sharply at lower temperatures, with a tendency to stabilize at higher temperatures. The energy yields obtained can be considered satisfactory, with losses between 45 and 52% (based on h...
RESUMO A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) surge no campo das ciências florestais co... more RESUMO A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) surge no campo das ciências florestais como método não destrutivo, rápido e preciso capaz de predizer propriedades tecnológicas da madeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a técnica NIRS para desenvolvimento de modelos de calibração para estimar as propriedades químicas e a densidade básica da madeira de Eucalyptus. Foram utilizados clones de Eucalyptus de três anos de idade, provenientes de plantios comerciais nas localidades de Cocais, Guanhães, Rio Doce-Ipaba e Santa Bárbara, estado de Minas Gerais. As propriedades químicas da madeira e a densidade básica das árvores foram determinadas por metodologia tradicional e correlacionadas com as leituras espectrais por meio da regressão dos mínimos quadrados parciais. As calibrações para estimar a densidade básica da madeira apresentaram coeficientes de correlação em validação cruzada (Rcv) variando de 0,56 a 0,97 e relação de desempenho do desvio (RPD) entre 1,1 e 4,7. Os mod...
ABSTRACT: This research aimed to apply the near infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRS) for fast p... more ABSTRACT: This research aimed to apply the near infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRS) for fast prediction of basic density and morphological characteristics of wood fibers in Eucalyptus clones. Six Eucalyptus clones aged three years were used, obtained from plantations in Cocais, Guanhães, Rio Doce and Santa Bárbara, in Minas Gerais state. The morphological characteristics of the fibers and basic density of the wood were determined by conventional methods and correlated with near infrared spectra using partial least square regression (PLS regression). Best calibration correlations were obtained in basic density prediction, with values 0.95 for correlation coefficient of cross validation (Rcv) and 3.4 for ratio performance deviation (RPD), in clone 57. Fiber length can be predicted by models with Rcv ranging from 0.61 to 0.89 and standard error (SECV) ranging from 0.037 to 0.079 mm. The prediction model for wood fiber width presented higher Rcv (0.82) and RPD (1.9) values in clone 1...
The purpose of this study was to obtain calibration through Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technique ... more The purpose of this study was to obtain calibration through Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technique (NIRS) for the following properties: total extractive content, total lignin, and wood holocelulose from a natural hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla owned by V & M Florestal, located in Paraopeba city - MG. The hybrid was seven years old and was planted in 3 x 3m spacing. The sampling was done in a single tree and the specimens were taken throughout the trunk. The calibrations were derived from the milled wood. A spectrometer (Bruker model MPA-R) was used. The spectra were acquired in the range from 750 to 12500 nm in diffuse reflection mode. The models were fitted by PLS-1 method. The cross-validation method was used. The first and second derivative pre-treatment were used. From the results, it was concluded that: a) the highest correlation was obtained for the total lignin content, with value of correlation r = 0.62 and RPD = 1.3; b) the holocellulose content showed r = 0.50 and RPD of 1.8...
O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os modulos de elasticidade dinâmica da madeira de Eucalyptus a... more O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os modulos de elasticidade dinâmica da madeira de Eucalyptus a partir de metodos nao destrutivos de emissao acustica e ultrassom. Foram utilizados 71 corpos de prova produzidos a partir de 42 arvores do clone comercial GG100 (hibrido do Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake), aos 6 anos de idade. Para as estimativas dos modulos de elasticidade dinâmica (MOE), os corpos de prova de madeira foram submetidos a testes dinâmicos de vibracoes de flexao, pelo sistema acustico BING® e de compressao, por um dispositivo ultrassonoro especifico UScan®. No momento que antecedeu os testes mecânicos, a massa e as dimensoes de cada corpo de prova foram medidos, obtendo-se a densidade aparente da madeira a 12%. Os valores medios de MOE flexao para as posicoes radiais internas e externas, respectivamente, foram de 10537 MPa e 17149 MPa; ja para os valores medios de MOE compressao, foram encontrados 13043 MPa e 18999 MPa, para as posicoes radiais internas e externas, resp...
The objective of this study was to select Eucalypt us plus trees as a function of the longitudina... more The objective of this study was to select Eucalypt us plus trees as a function of the longitudinal residual strain (LRS) and the crack in dex (CI). The LRS was measured using an extensometer. Each plus trees originated two logs of 4.5 m long and were sawed thick by the tangential method to extract boards of 4 cm and the largest cracks of each extremity were measured. The best relations between the LRS and the CI occur red in the class of one standard deviation.
The chemical composition of wood is important to assess the quality of this raw material for the ... more The chemical composition of wood is important to assess the quality of this raw material for the industry of cellulosic pulp production. The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. grown for cellulosic pulp production. Ten Eucalyptus spp. clones with six years of age, located in the municipality of Itamarandiba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used. Quantification was obtained for extractives, monosaccharides, uronic acids, acetates, lignin, ash and the phenolic composition of the extracts. In average, clones showed around 2.7% extractives, with a predominance of polar compounds soluble in ethanol and water; 27.7% lignin and 0.3% ash. Glucose was the main sugar detected (64.2%), followed by xylose (19.3%). The main components of the extractives were steroids, fatty acids and aromatic acids, followed by smaller amounts of substituted alkanoic acids, fatty alcohols, glycerol derivatives and triterpenes. The ethanol–water extracts presented total ph...
The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variations of wood stiffness and its genetic con... more The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variations of wood stiffness and its genetic control in Eucalyptus stems. The elastic modulus strongly increased from pith to bark. The variations in modulus of elasticity along the stem are less consistent than those in the radial direction. These findings are interesting for sawn timber breeders because it is stiffness that is desirable rather than its constituent traits or density. The genetic control of modulus of elasticity varied up to 0.4 depending of the region of the stem. We found greater genetic control over wood stiffness in two specific zones of the stem of Eucalyptus.
This research aimed to produce, characterize and evaluate the activated carbon (AC) produced from... more This research aimed to produce, characterize and evaluate the activated carbon (AC) produced from waste from timber industry of the Amazon region. Waste from Apuleia leiocarpa were collected, characterized chemically, transformed into AC by carbonization process (500°C, 1.65°C.min-1, for 30 min) and activated by physical process (850°C, 10°C.min-1 for 60 min), with CO2 (150 mL.min-1) and then the adsorbent properties of the AC by the BET isotherm and kinetics of adsorption (methylene blue and phenol) were characterized. The results demonstrated that the AC has a high microporosity; a certain quantity of mesopores; superficial area of 564.90 m2.g-1; high adsorption capacity in relation to the isotherms of methylene blue (above 350 mg.g-1) and phenol (above 300 mg.g-1). It was concluded that species has quite a promising potential for use in the production of value-added activated carbon. Additional studies should be conducted on the parameters of carbonization and activation in order...
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição e a qualidade dos resíduos do processame... more O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição e a qualidade dos resíduos do processamento de café e suas misturas com finos do carvão vegetal para fins energéticos. A biomassa do café, os finos de carvão vegetal e as misturas (10, 20 e 30% de finos de carvão vegetal) foram caracterizados quanto à umidade, composição química imediata e elementar, poder calorífico superior e líquido, e densidade a granel e energética. A inclusão de finos de carvão vegetal promoveu a redução significativa da umidade da biomassa lignocelulósica de café, assim como, o aumento das propriedades energéticas. O tratamento com 30% de finos de carvão vegetal apresentou a melhor qualidade, atingindo um poder calorífico superior de 19,44 MJ.Kg-1 e poder calorífico líquido de 16,75 MJ.Kg-1, ou seja, um aumento energético de 6 e 10 %, respectivamente, em relação ao tratamento com 100% de biomassa residual de café. As características físico-químicas tanto dos resíduos gerados durante o processamento do c...
The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating... more The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating insects on wood quality and charcoal production, and to quantify the losses per hectare according to the charcoal produced. Seven-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (clone A) and Eucalyptus saligna (clone B) trees, both in healthy condition and damaged by defoliating insects, were selected, with five trees to be used per treatment. Wood disks were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height for analyzing the properties of the wood and for preparing and characterizing the charcoal. Damage by defoliating insects decreased the basic density of the trees at all axial positions by up to 23 kg m-3. Also, the extractives and lignin contents increased, while the holocellulose content decreased in the attacked plants. Changes in the wood characteristics led to increased fixed carbon content and gravimetric yield, and a decrease in density. The charco...
In air drying of Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora logs for the production of charcoal... more In air drying of Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora logs for the production of charcoal it is necessary to be able to predict when logs have reached the required moisture content of ≤ 35%. This study is aimed to produce models using basic density and diameter to predict the moisture content of Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora logs after 30, 60 and 90 days drying. 1,2 m long logs were taken at three different heights from three C. citriodora trees and three trees each from two E. urophylla clones (VM4 and Mn463). The 27 debarked, end sealed logs were air dried under cover for 90 days during which the change in moisture content was monitored. The relationship between density and drying was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and the models for predicting the moisture content based on the basic density and diameter were produced. The density and the drying showed a high correlation coefficient. The coefficient of determination of the models was above 0,89 with a standard error lower than 6%. The use of the density and diameter to estimate the wood moisture content simplifies the production of the models, which can be used for Eucalyptus and Corymbia genetic materials.
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