Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211017366 for Species-Area Relationships Indu... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211017366 for Species-Area Relationships Induced by Forest Habitat Fragmentation Apply Even to Rarely Detected Organisms by Ana Filipa Palmeirim, Rafael de Fraga, Marcus V. Vieira and Carlos A. Peres in Tropical Conservation Science
Natural environments disturbed by human activities can suffer from species extinctions, but some ... more Natural environments disturbed by human activities can suffer from species extinctions, but some can still harbor high taxonomic diversity. However, disturbances may have impacts beyond the species level, if the species lost represent unique functions in the ecosystem. In this study, we evaluated to what extent the amount of habitat can determine the functional diversity and nestedness of amphibian communities in an Atlantic Forest fragmented landscape in Brazil, and if there is a threshold of habitat amount beyond which there is severe loss of functional diversity. As species responses may depend on their habitat type, we performed the analyses for three different sets of species: all species, forest‐dependent species, and generalist species. We also evaluated the relative importance of turnover and nestedness components to total functional dissimilarity among sites. Habitat amount affected functional diversity of frogs, especially for forest‐dependent species where a linear reduction was detected. The functional dissimilarity among sites was mostly explained by the nestedness component. The reduction of functional diversity was mediated by an ordered loss of traits, leading to a functionally nested metacommunity. These sensitive traits were closely related to habits and reproductive modes that depend on rivers and streams. The maintenance of functional diversity of frogs in fragmented landscapes must rely on the conservation of both terrestrial and aquatic environments, as some species and their traits can disappear from remnants of native vegetation lacking some specific habitats (e.g. streams)
MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ECOLOGICAL THEORY: A REVIEW BY BRAZILIAN RESEARCHERS ON ITS CURRENT STATUS... more MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ECOLOGICAL THEORY: A REVIEW BY BRAZILIAN RESEARCHERS ON ITS CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES
Neotropical snakes have extremely low detection rates, hampering our understanding of their respo... more Neotropical snakes have extremely low detection rates, hampering our understanding of their responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. We addressed this gap using a limited sample (50 individuals, 16 species) across 25 variable-size insular forest fragments within a hydroelectric lake and four adjacent mainland continuous forest sites, in Central Brazilian Amazonia. The number of species recorded on forest islands (1.55 [Formula: see text] 0.78) was much lower than that at continuous forest sites (5.0 [Formula: see text] 3.1), with no snakes being recorded at twelve islands smaller than 30 ha. As such, snake assemblages were positively affected by forest area, explaining 48% of the number of species, and negatively affected by island isolation. The markedly higher number of species recorded across continuous forest sites likely results from the availability of riparian habitats, which have virtually disappeared from the archipelagic landscape given the widespread inundation of low...
We report the first record of homing behavior of a Neotropical marsupial, the opossum Philander f... more We report the first record of homing behavior of a Neotropical marsupial, the opossum Philander frenatus. The individual studied returned to the home forest fragment where it was captured (1050 m away) crossing a hostile matrix, instead moving to a much closer fragment (50 m distant). Movements did not follow wind or the direction of the closest fragment, but they were significantly oriented towards the home fragment. The individual probably had previous experience with the release site. This unique observation suggests that the ability of P. frenatus to overcome the effects of habitat fragmentation may be higher than considered previously. RESUMO: Comportamento de “homing” de Philander frenatus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) em uma paisagem fragmentada da Mata Atlântica do Brasil. Relatamos o primeiro registro de comportamento de “homing” de um marsupial neotropical, Philander frenatus. O indivíduo estudado retornou para o fragmento onde foi capturado (distante 1050 m) atravessando...
As florestas semidecíduas do interior do Estado de São Paulo são isoladas e pequenas devido às at... more As florestas semidecíduas do interior do Estado de São Paulo são isoladas e pequenas devido às atividades agrícolas, expansão urbana e industrial. Os remanescentes dos fragmentos florestais são importantes para a persistência de diversas espécies de mamíferos. Neste estudo foi feito um inventário da mastofauna de um fragmento de mata mesófila semidecídua no interior do Estado (Fazenda São José) nos municípios de Rio Claro e Araras. Nos três períodos amostrados, entre maio de 1997 e março de 1999, o levantamento da mastofauna foi feito por meio de armadilhas para pequenos mamíferos, bem como de observação direta e identificação de rastros dos animais. Registrou-se a ocorrência de três espécies de marsupiais (Didelphidae), duas de tatus (Dasipodidae), três de primatas (Callithrichidae e Cebidae), cinco de carnívoros (Canidae, Procyonidae e Mustelidae), uma de veado (Cervidae), sete de roedores (Sciuridae e Muridae) e uma de coelho (Leporidae). Didelphis albiventris (Didelphidae), Nect...
Medidas de desempenho utilizadas podem fornecer uma medida do nicho fundamental, permitindo preve... more Medidas de desempenho utilizadas podem fornecer uma medida do nicho fundamental, permitindo prever uso do habitat ou recursos na ausência de interações entre espécies. Propomos um conjunto padrão de testes de desempenho locomotor para vertebrados arborícolas, e um método para desenvolver modelos ecomorfológicos baseados em testes de desempenho e análise de caminhos. Os testes propostos simulam características do habitat como diâmetro e orientação de suportes. Modelos de relações entre variáveis podem ser formulados e comparados através da análise de caminhos, permitindo escolher o modelo de melhor ajuste aos dados. Este procedimento foi aplicado ao marsupial Philander frenata, comparando-se o efeito da forma corporal sobre o comprimento e freqüência de passadas no andar arborícola. O modelo incluindo caminhos tanto para freqüência como para comprimento de passadas teve um ajuste significativamente melhor que o modelo com caminhos apenas para o comprimento das passadas. Um modelo ger...
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211017366 for Species-Area Relationships Indu... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211017366 for Species-Area Relationships Induced by Forest Habitat Fragmentation Apply Even to Rarely Detected Organisms by Ana Filipa Palmeirim, Rafael de Fraga, Marcus V. Vieira and Carlos A. Peres in Tropical Conservation Science
Natural environments disturbed by human activities can suffer from species extinctions, but some ... more Natural environments disturbed by human activities can suffer from species extinctions, but some can still harbor high taxonomic diversity. However, disturbances may have impacts beyond the species level, if the species lost represent unique functions in the ecosystem. In this study, we evaluated to what extent the amount of habitat can determine the functional diversity and nestedness of amphibian communities in an Atlantic Forest fragmented landscape in Brazil, and if there is a threshold of habitat amount beyond which there is severe loss of functional diversity. As species responses may depend on their habitat type, we performed the analyses for three different sets of species: all species, forest‐dependent species, and generalist species. We also evaluated the relative importance of turnover and nestedness components to total functional dissimilarity among sites. Habitat amount affected functional diversity of frogs, especially for forest‐dependent species where a linear reduction was detected. The functional dissimilarity among sites was mostly explained by the nestedness component. The reduction of functional diversity was mediated by an ordered loss of traits, leading to a functionally nested metacommunity. These sensitive traits were closely related to habits and reproductive modes that depend on rivers and streams. The maintenance of functional diversity of frogs in fragmented landscapes must rely on the conservation of both terrestrial and aquatic environments, as some species and their traits can disappear from remnants of native vegetation lacking some specific habitats (e.g. streams)
MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ECOLOGICAL THEORY: A REVIEW BY BRAZILIAN RESEARCHERS ON ITS CURRENT STATUS... more MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ECOLOGICAL THEORY: A REVIEW BY BRAZILIAN RESEARCHERS ON ITS CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES
Neotropical snakes have extremely low detection rates, hampering our understanding of their respo... more Neotropical snakes have extremely low detection rates, hampering our understanding of their responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. We addressed this gap using a limited sample (50 individuals, 16 species) across 25 variable-size insular forest fragments within a hydroelectric lake and four adjacent mainland continuous forest sites, in Central Brazilian Amazonia. The number of species recorded on forest islands (1.55 [Formula: see text] 0.78) was much lower than that at continuous forest sites (5.0 [Formula: see text] 3.1), with no snakes being recorded at twelve islands smaller than 30 ha. As such, snake assemblages were positively affected by forest area, explaining 48% of the number of species, and negatively affected by island isolation. The markedly higher number of species recorded across continuous forest sites likely results from the availability of riparian habitats, which have virtually disappeared from the archipelagic landscape given the widespread inundation of low...
We report the first record of homing behavior of a Neotropical marsupial, the opossum Philander f... more We report the first record of homing behavior of a Neotropical marsupial, the opossum Philander frenatus. The individual studied returned to the home forest fragment where it was captured (1050 m away) crossing a hostile matrix, instead moving to a much closer fragment (50 m distant). Movements did not follow wind or the direction of the closest fragment, but they were significantly oriented towards the home fragment. The individual probably had previous experience with the release site. This unique observation suggests that the ability of P. frenatus to overcome the effects of habitat fragmentation may be higher than considered previously. RESUMO: Comportamento de “homing” de Philander frenatus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) em uma paisagem fragmentada da Mata Atlântica do Brasil. Relatamos o primeiro registro de comportamento de “homing” de um marsupial neotropical, Philander frenatus. O indivíduo estudado retornou para o fragmento onde foi capturado (distante 1050 m) atravessando...
As florestas semidecíduas do interior do Estado de São Paulo são isoladas e pequenas devido às at... more As florestas semidecíduas do interior do Estado de São Paulo são isoladas e pequenas devido às atividades agrícolas, expansão urbana e industrial. Os remanescentes dos fragmentos florestais são importantes para a persistência de diversas espécies de mamíferos. Neste estudo foi feito um inventário da mastofauna de um fragmento de mata mesófila semidecídua no interior do Estado (Fazenda São José) nos municípios de Rio Claro e Araras. Nos três períodos amostrados, entre maio de 1997 e março de 1999, o levantamento da mastofauna foi feito por meio de armadilhas para pequenos mamíferos, bem como de observação direta e identificação de rastros dos animais. Registrou-se a ocorrência de três espécies de marsupiais (Didelphidae), duas de tatus (Dasipodidae), três de primatas (Callithrichidae e Cebidae), cinco de carnívoros (Canidae, Procyonidae e Mustelidae), uma de veado (Cervidae), sete de roedores (Sciuridae e Muridae) e uma de coelho (Leporidae). Didelphis albiventris (Didelphidae), Nect...
Medidas de desempenho utilizadas podem fornecer uma medida do nicho fundamental, permitindo preve... more Medidas de desempenho utilizadas podem fornecer uma medida do nicho fundamental, permitindo prever uso do habitat ou recursos na ausência de interações entre espécies. Propomos um conjunto padrão de testes de desempenho locomotor para vertebrados arborícolas, e um método para desenvolver modelos ecomorfológicos baseados em testes de desempenho e análise de caminhos. Os testes propostos simulam características do habitat como diâmetro e orientação de suportes. Modelos de relações entre variáveis podem ser formulados e comparados através da análise de caminhos, permitindo escolher o modelo de melhor ajuste aos dados. Este procedimento foi aplicado ao marsupial Philander frenata, comparando-se o efeito da forma corporal sobre o comprimento e freqüência de passadas no andar arborícola. O modelo incluindo caminhos tanto para freqüência como para comprimento de passadas teve um ajuste significativamente melhor que o modelo com caminhos apenas para o comprimento das passadas. Um modelo ger...
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