Background: The effects of in-bed cycling on mobility and muscle strength is not well established... more Background: The effects of in-bed cycling on mobility and muscle strength is not well established, in parts due to the difficulty of measuring mobility. Objective: Investigate the effect of active lower limb cycle ergometry on mobility and muscle strength in critically ill patients evaluated by the Perme Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score and Medical Research Council, respectively. Methods: Critically ill patients dependent on mechanical ventilation were randomized, determining the control group and the experimental group. A intervention was applied for eight consecutive days and a blind physiotherapists assessed mobility before and after interventions. The experimental group (EG) was an active lower limb in-bed cycle ergometry by 15 minutes (once a day), associated with routine physiotherapy intervention (twice a day). The control group (CG) had routine physiotherapy intervention. The two-factor mixed ANOVA with Bonferroni correction tested the mobility status and muscle strength, ...
BACKGROUND Low back pain is among the most common health problems seen in primary care. This stud... more BACKGROUND Low back pain is among the most common health problems seen in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a corrective exercise program on GRF components, back pain, disability score, and muscle activities in back pain patients with pronated feet during walking. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of corrective exercise program on gait kinetics, back pain, disability score, and muscle activities in back pain patients with pronated feet during walking? METHODS Thirty-six older adults with both back pain and pronated feet volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups). Kinetic and EMG data were recorded during both pre and posttest. Visual analog pain scale and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire were used to assess back pain and disability values, respectively. RESULTS In the experimental group but not in the control group, walking speed was significantly increased from pre to posttest (p = 0.001). The loading rate and free moment values were similar during both the pre and posttest (p > 0.05). In the experimental group but not in the control group, the disability score, back pain, tibialis anterior activity, and rectus abdominis activity were decreased during the posttest than that in the pretest (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Higher walking speed, lower muscle activity and pain, lower disability score along with similar loading rate and free moments in the experimental group compared with the control group after the training protocol demonstrate the improvement of gait efficiency.
Backgroud: The single-leg squat (SLS) is a functional task to evaluate the abnormal movement patt... more Backgroud: The single-leg squat (SLS) is a functional task to evaluate the abnormal movement patterns and potential neuromuscular deficits in the lower limbs. Still, it is unknown if SLS could provide information to older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The study's objective was to analyze the EMG pattern, kinematics, and postural control in individuals with and without KOA during SLS. METHODS Participated in this study, 60 volunteers of both sexes, 30 had KOA (allocated into the KOA group - KOAG), and 30 were healthy (allocated into the Healthy Group - HG) performing the single-leg squat. Surface electromyography (EMG) was assessed for the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius (GLM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and tibialis anterior (TA) in two phases (downward - P1 and upward - P2). The kinematic data was evaluated using an electrogoniometer. The center of pressure (CoP) was obtained using data collected from a force plate. RESULTS EMG activity was increased for GM and TA muscles during the P1 of the movement and the GM and GLM muscles during P2 of the movement. The angular displacement of the KOAG was lower when compared with the HG. There was no statistical difference for the co-contraction and postural control data. CONCLUSIONS The SLS analysis showed that EMG activity of the muscles TA, GM, and GLM was increased in the KOAG, but this pattern could be affected by fear of movement leading to reduced knee angular displacement.
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disease that affects the motor system. The ... more Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disease that affects the motor system. The associated motor symptoms are muscle rigidity or stiffness, bradykinesia, tremors, and gait disturbances. The correct diagnosis, especially in the initial stages, is fundamental to the life quality of the individual with PD. However, the methods used for diagnosis of PD are still based on subjective criteria. As a result, the objective of this study is the proposal of a method for the discrimination of individuals with PD (in the initial stages of the disease) from healthy groups, based on the inertial sensor recordings. Methods A total of 27 participants were selected, 15 individuals previously diagnosed with PD and 12 healthy individuals. The data collection was performed using inertial sensors (positioned on the back of the hand and on the back of the forearm). Different numbers of features were used to compare the values of sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of the cla...
Summary Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of shoes we... more Summary Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of shoes wearing on lower limb kinetics and electromyography activity of selected muscles of genu varus males compared with healthy age-matched controls during running. Equipment and methods Fifteen healthy males (age: 23.20 ± 1.78 years) and 14 males with genu varus (age: 21.57 ± 2.34 years) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Participants received new shoes before the baseline test and were measured with the same shoes (used shoes) after six months in the post-test. Ground reaction forces and muscle activities were recorded in both pre-test and post-test during running. Results Irrespective of the groups, pair-wise comparisons revealed that peak medial ground reaction force (p = 0.002; d = 0.316) values were higher at post-test. Furthermore, peak negative free moment (p = 0.008; d = 0.235) and peak positive free moment (p Conclusion Shoe mileage appears to have an impact on ground reaction force and selected muscle activities in healthy male individuals with and without genu varus. Together with the observed findings on shoe stiffness, it seems appropriate to change running shoes after a great wearing time of approximately six months with walking and to run mileage about 17 km/week.
Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-p... more Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. Methods Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. Results For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59)...
This study aimed to compare men and women on muscle strength, pain, physical function, and gait s... more This study aimed to compare men and women on muscle strength, pain, physical function, and gait spatiotemporal parameters at three speeds, verifying the correlation between variables. Forty-two individuals with KOA (21 women) participated in this cross-sectional study. They were assessed using the visual analog pain scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC), lower limb isometric muscle strength, and gait kinematics on a treadmill at three speeds. The results revealed that women had worse clinical measures (WOMAC and muscle strength) (p < 0.006) and reduced step length (p < 0.05). The results also showed that women had more variables correlated with step length and stronger correlations (r = 0.33 to 0.83) than men. In conclusion, the moderate to strong correlation between step length and clinical measures observed for women suggests that step length could be a suitable parameter for assessing women with KOA. Also, the critical role of clinical meas...
Although emotional status is considered an important pain modulator, the differences and relation... more Although emotional status is considered an important pain modulator, the differences and relationship of this modulation between the sexes are still uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and correlate the painful sensation and emotional status between the sexes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this cross-sectional study, we used the pressure pain threshold (PPT) to measure pain and questionnaires to evaluate emotional status, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) in 42 individuals with knee osteoarthritis (21 women and 21 men) aged ≥ 50 years. The findings showed that, compared to men, women presented lower levels of PPT in 85% of the points tested and higher scores in the BDI and PCS questionnaires. Men presented a weak to strong correlation with the PPT (r = -0.18 to -0.76), while women showed a weak correlation with emotional status (r = 0.25 to 0.38). Therefo...
Introduction and objective: Many instruments have been proposed for the knee assessment, making i... more Introduction and objective: Many instruments have been proposed for the knee assessment, making its choice often difficult. Among these instruments, we can mention the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scales; however, it is unclear which of them would be better to evaluate the knee of subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The objective of this study was to compare the KOS and IKDC scales evaluation to
A osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) é uma doença muito frequente em idosos e seus principais sintomas ... more A osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) é uma doença muito frequente em idosos e seus principais sintomas são dor e perda de função. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os percentuais de co-contração (PCC) em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) e comparar com indivíduos saudáveis. Sessenta (60) participantes realizaram agachamento unipodal. Os músculos analisados foram: tibial anterior (TA), gastrocnêmio medial (GM), reto femoral (RF), bíceps femoral (BF), vasto medial (VM), e vasto lateral (VL). Não houve diferença estatística. Os PCC são similares na comparação entre os grupos, porém o menor deslocamento angular observado no grupo com osteoartrite de joelho poderia ter sido influenciado pela cinesiofobia
Background: The effects of in-bed cycling on mobility and muscle strength is not well established... more Background: The effects of in-bed cycling on mobility and muscle strength is not well established, in parts due to the difficulty of measuring mobility. Objective: Investigate the effect of active lower limb cycle ergometry on mobility and muscle strength in critically ill patients evaluated by the Perme Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score and Medical Research Council, respectively. Methods: Critically ill patients dependent on mechanical ventilation were randomized, determining the control group and the experimental group. A intervention was applied for eight consecutive days and a blind physiotherapists assessed mobility before and after interventions. The experimental group (EG) was an active lower limb in-bed cycle ergometry by 15 minutes (once a day), associated with routine physiotherapy intervention (twice a day). The control group (CG) had routine physiotherapy intervention. The two-factor mixed ANOVA with Bonferroni correction tested the mobility status and muscle strength, ...
BACKGROUND Low back pain is among the most common health problems seen in primary care. This stud... more BACKGROUND Low back pain is among the most common health problems seen in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a corrective exercise program on GRF components, back pain, disability score, and muscle activities in back pain patients with pronated feet during walking. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of corrective exercise program on gait kinetics, back pain, disability score, and muscle activities in back pain patients with pronated feet during walking? METHODS Thirty-six older adults with both back pain and pronated feet volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups). Kinetic and EMG data were recorded during both pre and posttest. Visual analog pain scale and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire were used to assess back pain and disability values, respectively. RESULTS In the experimental group but not in the control group, walking speed was significantly increased from pre to posttest (p = 0.001). The loading rate and free moment values were similar during both the pre and posttest (p > 0.05). In the experimental group but not in the control group, the disability score, back pain, tibialis anterior activity, and rectus abdominis activity were decreased during the posttest than that in the pretest (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Higher walking speed, lower muscle activity and pain, lower disability score along with similar loading rate and free moments in the experimental group compared with the control group after the training protocol demonstrate the improvement of gait efficiency.
Backgroud: The single-leg squat (SLS) is a functional task to evaluate the abnormal movement patt... more Backgroud: The single-leg squat (SLS) is a functional task to evaluate the abnormal movement patterns and potential neuromuscular deficits in the lower limbs. Still, it is unknown if SLS could provide information to older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The study's objective was to analyze the EMG pattern, kinematics, and postural control in individuals with and without KOA during SLS. METHODS Participated in this study, 60 volunteers of both sexes, 30 had KOA (allocated into the KOA group - KOAG), and 30 were healthy (allocated into the Healthy Group - HG) performing the single-leg squat. Surface electromyography (EMG) was assessed for the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius (GLM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and tibialis anterior (TA) in two phases (downward - P1 and upward - P2). The kinematic data was evaluated using an electrogoniometer. The center of pressure (CoP) was obtained using data collected from a force plate. RESULTS EMG activity was increased for GM and TA muscles during the P1 of the movement and the GM and GLM muscles during P2 of the movement. The angular displacement of the KOAG was lower when compared with the HG. There was no statistical difference for the co-contraction and postural control data. CONCLUSIONS The SLS analysis showed that EMG activity of the muscles TA, GM, and GLM was increased in the KOAG, but this pattern could be affected by fear of movement leading to reduced knee angular displacement.
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disease that affects the motor system. The ... more Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disease that affects the motor system. The associated motor symptoms are muscle rigidity or stiffness, bradykinesia, tremors, and gait disturbances. The correct diagnosis, especially in the initial stages, is fundamental to the life quality of the individual with PD. However, the methods used for diagnosis of PD are still based on subjective criteria. As a result, the objective of this study is the proposal of a method for the discrimination of individuals with PD (in the initial stages of the disease) from healthy groups, based on the inertial sensor recordings. Methods A total of 27 participants were selected, 15 individuals previously diagnosed with PD and 12 healthy individuals. The data collection was performed using inertial sensors (positioned on the back of the hand and on the back of the forearm). Different numbers of features were used to compare the values of sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of the cla...
Summary Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of shoes we... more Summary Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of shoes wearing on lower limb kinetics and electromyography activity of selected muscles of genu varus males compared with healthy age-matched controls during running. Equipment and methods Fifteen healthy males (age: 23.20 ± 1.78 years) and 14 males with genu varus (age: 21.57 ± 2.34 years) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Participants received new shoes before the baseline test and were measured with the same shoes (used shoes) after six months in the post-test. Ground reaction forces and muscle activities were recorded in both pre-test and post-test during running. Results Irrespective of the groups, pair-wise comparisons revealed that peak medial ground reaction force (p = 0.002; d = 0.316) values were higher at post-test. Furthermore, peak negative free moment (p = 0.008; d = 0.235) and peak positive free moment (p Conclusion Shoe mileage appears to have an impact on ground reaction force and selected muscle activities in healthy male individuals with and without genu varus. Together with the observed findings on shoe stiffness, it seems appropriate to change running shoes after a great wearing time of approximately six months with walking and to run mileage about 17 km/week.
Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-p... more Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. Methods Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. Results For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59)...
This study aimed to compare men and women on muscle strength, pain, physical function, and gait s... more This study aimed to compare men and women on muscle strength, pain, physical function, and gait spatiotemporal parameters at three speeds, verifying the correlation between variables. Forty-two individuals with KOA (21 women) participated in this cross-sectional study. They were assessed using the visual analog pain scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC), lower limb isometric muscle strength, and gait kinematics on a treadmill at three speeds. The results revealed that women had worse clinical measures (WOMAC and muscle strength) (p < 0.006) and reduced step length (p < 0.05). The results also showed that women had more variables correlated with step length and stronger correlations (r = 0.33 to 0.83) than men. In conclusion, the moderate to strong correlation between step length and clinical measures observed for women suggests that step length could be a suitable parameter for assessing women with KOA. Also, the critical role of clinical meas...
Although emotional status is considered an important pain modulator, the differences and relation... more Although emotional status is considered an important pain modulator, the differences and relationship of this modulation between the sexes are still uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and correlate the painful sensation and emotional status between the sexes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this cross-sectional study, we used the pressure pain threshold (PPT) to measure pain and questionnaires to evaluate emotional status, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) in 42 individuals with knee osteoarthritis (21 women and 21 men) aged ≥ 50 years. The findings showed that, compared to men, women presented lower levels of PPT in 85% of the points tested and higher scores in the BDI and PCS questionnaires. Men presented a weak to strong correlation with the PPT (r = -0.18 to -0.76), while women showed a weak correlation with emotional status (r = 0.25 to 0.38). Therefo...
Introduction and objective: Many instruments have been proposed for the knee assessment, making i... more Introduction and objective: Many instruments have been proposed for the knee assessment, making its choice often difficult. Among these instruments, we can mention the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scales; however, it is unclear which of them would be better to evaluate the knee of subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The objective of this study was to compare the KOS and IKDC scales evaluation to
A osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) é uma doença muito frequente em idosos e seus principais sintomas ... more A osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) é uma doença muito frequente em idosos e seus principais sintomas são dor e perda de função. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os percentuais de co-contração (PCC) em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ) e comparar com indivíduos saudáveis. Sessenta (60) participantes realizaram agachamento unipodal. Os músculos analisados foram: tibial anterior (TA), gastrocnêmio medial (GM), reto femoral (RF), bíceps femoral (BF), vasto medial (VM), e vasto lateral (VL). Não houve diferença estatística. Os PCC são similares na comparação entre os grupos, porém o menor deslocamento angular observado no grupo com osteoartrite de joelho poderia ter sido influenciado pela cinesiofobia
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