Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may ex... more Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may explain part of the inefficiency of those production systems. Therefore, we aimed to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) of hair sheep raised under tropical conditions. A meta-analysis of 61 independent performance experiments, comprising a total of 413 experimental units (treatment means or animals), was performed. Trials were conducted in tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed with the following information: neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in diet, initial and final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), DMI and NDFI of treatment means (51 studies) or individual data (10 studies). Data on organic matter and NDF digestibilities were collected to estimate D-value (Dv) and B-value (Bv) (20 and 33 studies, respectively). The equations obtained were: DMI(g/day)=50.5773±71.0504+1.4423±0.1704×ADG+28.4406±2.9697...
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to describe the prevalence of failure of trans... more The objective of this prospective cohort study was to describe the prevalence of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in beef-dairy crossbred calves, and its association with morbidity up to 30 d of life. A total of 393 one d old calves were enrolled upon arrival at a calf facility in Central Valley, California, from Jan-Mar 2021. Farm of origin, breed, sex, and weight were recorded at the day of arrival. Blood was collected at 24 ± 1 h post-arrival to evaluate total serum protein (TSP) and % Brix reading. Calves were classified as having FTPI if TSP < 5.2 g/dL, and brix < 8.2%. Farm personnel performed daily health evaluations and recorded diseases. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and survival analysis were conducted using SAS. Calves’ breeds were Angus × Holstein (AN × HO, 58%), Charolais × Jersey (CH × JE, 37%), and Angus × Jersey (AN × JE, 5%). Prevalence of FTPI was 36% (TSP) and 34% (brix). TSP and %Brix readings had a strong correlation (r = 0,99,...
The objective was to identify the non-linear model with the best fit for cumulative gas productio... more The objective was to identify the non-linear model with the best fit for cumulative gas production from fermentation of fresh alfalfa, with or without tannin extract, incubated with rumen fluid from five different species of ruminants. Fifteen animals (Taurine and Zebuine cattle, water buffaloes, sheep and goats) were used as inoculum donors. During incubation, 500 mg of fresh alfalfa, with or without 150 mg of acacia tannin extract, were used as substrate in the semi-automated gas production technique. Experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with five inoculum sources (ruminant specie) and two treatments (with or without tannin extract). We used the PROC NLMIXED to fit ten mathematical models and the best one was chosen based on the lowest AIC and MSE and highest R2. Lastly, the best model was validated using the cross validation technique. The model with the best fit was the Groot model (AIC 1255.5; MSE 174.01; R2 0.9496) comparatively to others me...
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, Jan 31, 2018
Heifers emit more enteric methane (CH ) than adult cows and these emissions tend to decrease per ... more Heifers emit more enteric methane (CH ) than adult cows and these emissions tend to decrease per unit feed intake as they age. However, common mitigation strategies like expensive high-quality feeds are not economically feasible for these pre-production animals. Given its direct role in CH production, altering the rumen microbiota is another potential avenue for reducing CH production by ruminants. However, to identify effective microbial targets, a better understanding of the rumen microbiota and its relationship to CH production across heifer development is needed. Here, we investigate the relationship between rumen bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities as well as CH emissions and a number of production traits in prepubertal (PP), pubertal (PB), and pregnant heifers (PG). Overall, PG heifers emitted the most CH , followed by PB and PP heifers. The bacterial genus Acetobacter and the archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter were positively associated, while Eubacterium and Methanosp...
We aimed to quantify the productive and metabolic responses, and digestive changes in dairy cows ... more We aimed to quantify the productive and metabolic responses, and digestive changes in dairy cows fed various concentrations of soybean oil (SBO) in high-concentrate, sugarcane-based diets. Eight rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (574 ± 19.1 kg of body weight and 122 ± 6.9 d in milk), averaging 22.5 ± 1.22 kg/d of milk were assigned to replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experimental period lasted 21 d as follows: 14 d for adaptation, followed by a sampling period from d 15 to 21. The diets were formulated with increasing concentrations of SBO [% of dry matter (DM)]: control (0%), low (LSBO; 1.57%), medium (MSBO; 4.43%), and high (HSBO; 7.34%). Dry matter intake decreased quadratically in response to SBO addition. The greatest decrease in DM intake was observed in MSBO and HSBO diets. Both milk and energy-corrected milk yield were quadratically affected by the SBO inclusion, with a slight decrease up to MSBO and substantial decrease in the HSBO diet. The mil...
ABSTRACT Abstract Text: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing dry ... more ABSTRACT Abstract Text: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing dry ground corn (DGC) with crude glycerin (CG) on production costs of finishing beef bulls. A complete randomized design experiment with 25 days for adaptation and 95 days for sampling collection was conducted, in which 3,640 Nellore bulls (367 ± 37 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned to 20 pens. Animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 0, 5, 10, and 15% (DM basis) CG in diet. All diets contained 15% roughage and 85% concentrate and were formulated to meet NRC (2000) recommendations. Diets were isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and allowed 1.4 kg/d BWG. Initially, twenty animals were slaughtered to serve as reference to estimate initial empty BW, which allowed carcass gain calculation. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to Diniz et al. 2010 (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1308-1318) to determine which diet was more economical according to current CG prices as a function of DGC prices. Data presented in the table shows the cost of each diet tested in this work during the period of August to November 2012. Treatment without CG had the lowest diet cost, followed by treatments with 5, 15, and 10% of CG inclusion, respectively. Sensitive analysis indicated that the treatment that provided the lowest cost per kg of carcass produced changes depending on the CG:DGC price relationship. When CG price was up to 110% of DGC price, the treatment that provided the lowest price per kg of carcass produced was 15% CG inclusion. When CG price was 120% or more of DGC price, the diet without CG was the most economical treatment. Data from this sensitive analysis indicates that CG may be an economical alternative to DGC for beef cattle feedlots in Brazil. Keywords: Economic analysis, Feedlot, Glycerin Crude Glycerin (%) 0 5 10 15 Diet cost, $/kg DM 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 DMI, kg/d 10.5 10.1 10.2 9.6 Diet cost, $/animal/d 2.22 2.23 2.32 2.27 Carcass gain, kg/animal/d 0.89 0.85 0.84 0.83 Diet cost, $/kg carcass 2.49 2.62 2.76 2.72 Crude Glycerin price, kg (% of price of DGC kg) $/ kg carcass 90 2.49 2.51 2.54 2.41 100 2.49 2.52 2.56 2.44 110 2.49 2.54 2.59 2.48 120 2.49 2.55 2.62 2.52 130 2.49 2.56 2.64 2.55 140 2.49 2.58 2.67 2.59
Doze bovinos Nelore de três condições sexuais (CS) - quatro fêmeas, quatro machos castrados e qua... more Doze bovinos Nelore de três condições sexuais (CS) - quatro fêmeas, quatro machos castrados e quatro machos não-castrados - com idade aproximada de 15 meses e peso corporal médio de 235, 249 e 239 kg, respectivamente, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, composto de dois níveis de concentrado (25 ou 50%) e três CS, objetivando-se estudar o consumo, as digestibilidades total e parcial dos nutrientes, a produção microbiana e os parâmetros ruminais. As coletas de líquido ruminal, para determinação do pH e da concentração de amônia, foram realizadas imediatamente antes do fornecimento da dieta e 2, 4 e 6 horas após a alimentação. Não houve interação significativa de níveis de concentrado e CS para nenhum dos consumos observados. Os consumos de MS, MO, EE, PB, CNF e NDT, em kg/dia, e de MS em % do PC ou em g/kg0,75, não foram influenciados pelos níveis de concentrado ou pela condição sexual. Não houve interação de níveis de concentrados ...
Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may ex... more Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may explain part of the inefficiency of those production systems. Therefore, we aimed to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) of hair sheep raised under tropical conditions. A meta-analysis of 61 independent performance experiments, comprising a total of 413 experimental units (treatment means or animals), was performed. Trials were conducted in tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed with the following information: neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in diet, initial and final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), DMI and NDFI of treatment means (51 studies) or individual data (10 studies). Data on organic matter and NDF digestibilities were collected to estimate D-value (Dv) and B-value (Bv) (20 and 33 studies, respectively). The equations obtained were: DMI(g/day)=50.5773±71.0504+1.4423±0.1704×ADG+28.4406±2.9697...
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to describe the prevalence of failure of trans... more The objective of this prospective cohort study was to describe the prevalence of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in beef-dairy crossbred calves, and its association with morbidity up to 30 d of life. A total of 393 one d old calves were enrolled upon arrival at a calf facility in Central Valley, California, from Jan-Mar 2021. Farm of origin, breed, sex, and weight were recorded at the day of arrival. Blood was collected at 24 ± 1 h post-arrival to evaluate total serum protein (TSP) and % Brix reading. Calves were classified as having FTPI if TSP < 5.2 g/dL, and brix < 8.2%. Farm personnel performed daily health evaluations and recorded diseases. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and survival analysis were conducted using SAS. Calves’ breeds were Angus × Holstein (AN × HO, 58%), Charolais × Jersey (CH × JE, 37%), and Angus × Jersey (AN × JE, 5%). Prevalence of FTPI was 36% (TSP) and 34% (brix). TSP and %Brix readings had a strong correlation (r = 0,99,...
The objective was to identify the non-linear model with the best fit for cumulative gas productio... more The objective was to identify the non-linear model with the best fit for cumulative gas production from fermentation of fresh alfalfa, with or without tannin extract, incubated with rumen fluid from five different species of ruminants. Fifteen animals (Taurine and Zebuine cattle, water buffaloes, sheep and goats) were used as inoculum donors. During incubation, 500 mg of fresh alfalfa, with or without 150 mg of acacia tannin extract, were used as substrate in the semi-automated gas production technique. Experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with five inoculum sources (ruminant specie) and two treatments (with or without tannin extract). We used the PROC NLMIXED to fit ten mathematical models and the best one was chosen based on the lowest AIC and MSE and highest R2. Lastly, the best model was validated using the cross validation technique. The model with the best fit was the Groot model (AIC 1255.5; MSE 174.01; R2 0.9496) comparatively to others me...
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, Jan 31, 2018
Heifers emit more enteric methane (CH ) than adult cows and these emissions tend to decrease per ... more Heifers emit more enteric methane (CH ) than adult cows and these emissions tend to decrease per unit feed intake as they age. However, common mitigation strategies like expensive high-quality feeds are not economically feasible for these pre-production animals. Given its direct role in CH production, altering the rumen microbiota is another potential avenue for reducing CH production by ruminants. However, to identify effective microbial targets, a better understanding of the rumen microbiota and its relationship to CH production across heifer development is needed. Here, we investigate the relationship between rumen bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities as well as CH emissions and a number of production traits in prepubertal (PP), pubertal (PB), and pregnant heifers (PG). Overall, PG heifers emitted the most CH , followed by PB and PP heifers. The bacterial genus Acetobacter and the archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter were positively associated, while Eubacterium and Methanosp...
We aimed to quantify the productive and metabolic responses, and digestive changes in dairy cows ... more We aimed to quantify the productive and metabolic responses, and digestive changes in dairy cows fed various concentrations of soybean oil (SBO) in high-concentrate, sugarcane-based diets. Eight rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (574 ± 19.1 kg of body weight and 122 ± 6.9 d in milk), averaging 22.5 ± 1.22 kg/d of milk were assigned to replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experimental period lasted 21 d as follows: 14 d for adaptation, followed by a sampling period from d 15 to 21. The diets were formulated with increasing concentrations of SBO [% of dry matter (DM)]: control (0%), low (LSBO; 1.57%), medium (MSBO; 4.43%), and high (HSBO; 7.34%). Dry matter intake decreased quadratically in response to SBO addition. The greatest decrease in DM intake was observed in MSBO and HSBO diets. Both milk and energy-corrected milk yield were quadratically affected by the SBO inclusion, with a slight decrease up to MSBO and substantial decrease in the HSBO diet. The mil...
ABSTRACT Abstract Text: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing dry ... more ABSTRACT Abstract Text: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing dry ground corn (DGC) with crude glycerin (CG) on production costs of finishing beef bulls. A complete randomized design experiment with 25 days for adaptation and 95 days for sampling collection was conducted, in which 3,640 Nellore bulls (367 ± 37 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned to 20 pens. Animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 0, 5, 10, and 15% (DM basis) CG in diet. All diets contained 15% roughage and 85% concentrate and were formulated to meet NRC (2000) recommendations. Diets were isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and allowed 1.4 kg/d BWG. Initially, twenty animals were slaughtered to serve as reference to estimate initial empty BW, which allowed carcass gain calculation. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to Diniz et al. 2010 (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1308-1318) to determine which diet was more economical according to current CG prices as a function of DGC prices. Data presented in the table shows the cost of each diet tested in this work during the period of August to November 2012. Treatment without CG had the lowest diet cost, followed by treatments with 5, 15, and 10% of CG inclusion, respectively. Sensitive analysis indicated that the treatment that provided the lowest cost per kg of carcass produced changes depending on the CG:DGC price relationship. When CG price was up to 110% of DGC price, the treatment that provided the lowest price per kg of carcass produced was 15% CG inclusion. When CG price was 120% or more of DGC price, the diet without CG was the most economical treatment. Data from this sensitive analysis indicates that CG may be an economical alternative to DGC for beef cattle feedlots in Brazil. Keywords: Economic analysis, Feedlot, Glycerin Crude Glycerin (%) 0 5 10 15 Diet cost, $/kg DM 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 DMI, kg/d 10.5 10.1 10.2 9.6 Diet cost, $/animal/d 2.22 2.23 2.32 2.27 Carcass gain, kg/animal/d 0.89 0.85 0.84 0.83 Diet cost, $/kg carcass 2.49 2.62 2.76 2.72 Crude Glycerin price, kg (% of price of DGC kg) $/ kg carcass 90 2.49 2.51 2.54 2.41 100 2.49 2.52 2.56 2.44 110 2.49 2.54 2.59 2.48 120 2.49 2.55 2.62 2.52 130 2.49 2.56 2.64 2.55 140 2.49 2.58 2.67 2.59
Doze bovinos Nelore de três condições sexuais (CS) - quatro fêmeas, quatro machos castrados e qua... more Doze bovinos Nelore de três condições sexuais (CS) - quatro fêmeas, quatro machos castrados e quatro machos não-castrados - com idade aproximada de 15 meses e peso corporal médio de 235, 249 e 239 kg, respectivamente, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, composto de dois níveis de concentrado (25 ou 50%) e três CS, objetivando-se estudar o consumo, as digestibilidades total e parcial dos nutrientes, a produção microbiana e os parâmetros ruminais. As coletas de líquido ruminal, para determinação do pH e da concentração de amônia, foram realizadas imediatamente antes do fornecimento da dieta e 2, 4 e 6 horas após a alimentação. Não houve interação significativa de níveis de concentrado e CS para nenhum dos consumos observados. Os consumos de MS, MO, EE, PB, CNF e NDT, em kg/dia, e de MS em % do PC ou em g/kg0,75, não foram influenciados pelos níveis de concentrado ou pela condição sexual. Não houve interação de níveis de concentrados ...
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