Abstract Polymeric biomaterials are leading class of materials whose utilization has increased su... more Abstract Polymeric biomaterials are leading class of materials whose utilization has increased substantively in last few decades toward therapeutic applications. The characterizations of such biomaterials are of paramount importance to understand the structure and chemistry for exploiting the full biomimetic potential. There are several advanced characterization techniques available for the structural characterization of the biomaterials. In this chapter, we will elaborate an overview of the most commonly used spectroscopic characterization techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman, along with a brief description of their importance, principles, and recent advances in various biomaterials characterization.
Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, Feb 1, 2008
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microfiber of 1.5 denier per filament (dpf) has been irradiated ... more Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microfiber of 1.5 denier per filament (dpf) has been irradiated with 3-MeV proton at two different fluences: 1 Ă— 10 and 1 Ă— 10p/cm. Molecular deformation because of in-air proton irradiation straining of PET filaments has been investigated. Study of the effects of irradiation by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Instron technique shows microstress and
The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Nov 27, 2014
ABSTRACT The architecture and chemical structure of biomaterials are important aspects of control... more ABSTRACT The architecture and chemical structure of biomaterials are important aspects of control related to biomimetic functions. The design of such biomaterial matrices has shown enhanced therapeutic potential for biomedical applications. Cationic polymeric systems with positive charges on their backbone or side chains have been framed in various architectures, including hydrogels, 3D porous scaffolds, fibers, nanogels, micelles, nanoparticles and dendrimers. The healing potential of these cationic biomaterials can be enhanced by combining them with DNA to produce gene-activated matrices for biomedical applications. This chapter provides an overview of gene-activated cationic polymer matrices with different architectures and a description of therapeutically relevant biomedical applications.
The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Nov 27, 2014
ABSTRACT The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an organization lined with brain endothelial cells, bou... more ABSTRACT The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an organization lined with brain endothelial cells, bound by extracellular matrix and sealed with paracellular protein complexes that acts as a selective transport and metabolic boundary. The BBB is designed to regulate brain homeostasis and to allow selective transport of molecules that are essential for the proper functioning of the brain. The BBB is an internal defense system that acts as a block to the delivery of nucleic acids and drug molecules to the brain. This defines a challenge for an effective delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). A number of potential biomolecules have failed at their developmental stage for clinical use due to an unsuccessful delivery to the CNS in required amounts. In this perspective, an in-depth research has been undertaken to understand the mechanisms underlying the transportation across the BBB via carriers. Amongst the various strategies, the use of cationic polymer carriers for nucleic acid and drug delivery across the BBB has gained much attention. This chapter reviews the developments of different cationic polymers vectors for delivering genes and drugs across the BBB.
ABSTRACT In the present review, the state-of-the-art of porous hydrogel foams will be described a... more ABSTRACT In the present review, the state-of-the-art of porous hydrogel foams will be described and emphasis will be made on their relevance for biomedical applications and more specifically, tissue repair. The description aims at emphasizing both some novel aspects as well as the versatility of hydrogel foams. In addition, an overview of some general hydrogel aspects will be given. Next, a section will deal with natural polymers commonly used and suitable for hydrogel foam development and their respective tissue regeneration applications, followed by a description on advanced technologies applied to design and characterize novel hydrogel foams.
The wettability of biomaterials is a prerequisite property for ensuring desired biological respon... more The wettability of biomaterials is a prerequisite property for ensuring desired biological response. The measurements of wettability represent essential scientific evaluation of properties for biomaterials. Most commonly used techniques to quantify wettability of polymeric biomaterials surfaces are contact angle measurements. This chapter highlights the fundamental concepts of wettability and contact angle, which play crucial roles in determining the surface properties of polymeric materials. The first section provides a brief overview of various techniques that are commonly used to measure contact angles, including the conventional telescope-goniometer method, Wilhelmy balance method, and the more recently developed drop shape analysis method. In addition, recent advancement of numerous methods for tuning the wettability properties of polymeric biomaterials for various biomedical applications has been discussed in detail.
Abstract Polymeric biomaterials are leading class of materials whose utilization has increased su... more Abstract Polymeric biomaterials are leading class of materials whose utilization has increased substantively in last few decades toward therapeutic applications. The characterizations of such biomaterials are of paramount importance to understand the structure and chemistry for exploiting the full biomimetic potential. There are several advanced characterization techniques available for the structural characterization of the biomaterials. In this chapter, we will elaborate an overview of the most commonly used spectroscopic characterization techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman, along with a brief description of their importance, principles, and recent advances in various biomaterials characterization.
Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, Feb 1, 2008
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microfiber of 1.5 denier per filament (dpf) has been irradiated ... more Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microfiber of 1.5 denier per filament (dpf) has been irradiated with 3-MeV proton at two different fluences: 1 Ă— 10 and 1 Ă— 10p/cm. Molecular deformation because of in-air proton irradiation straining of PET filaments has been investigated. Study of the effects of irradiation by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Instron technique shows microstress and
The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Nov 27, 2014
ABSTRACT The architecture and chemical structure of biomaterials are important aspects of control... more ABSTRACT The architecture and chemical structure of biomaterials are important aspects of control related to biomimetic functions. The design of such biomaterial matrices has shown enhanced therapeutic potential for biomedical applications. Cationic polymeric systems with positive charges on their backbone or side chains have been framed in various architectures, including hydrogels, 3D porous scaffolds, fibers, nanogels, micelles, nanoparticles and dendrimers. The healing potential of these cationic biomaterials can be enhanced by combining them with DNA to produce gene-activated matrices for biomedical applications. This chapter provides an overview of gene-activated cationic polymer matrices with different architectures and a description of therapeutically relevant biomedical applications.
The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Nov 27, 2014
ABSTRACT The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an organization lined with brain endothelial cells, bou... more ABSTRACT The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an organization lined with brain endothelial cells, bound by extracellular matrix and sealed with paracellular protein complexes that acts as a selective transport and metabolic boundary. The BBB is designed to regulate brain homeostasis and to allow selective transport of molecules that are essential for the proper functioning of the brain. The BBB is an internal defense system that acts as a block to the delivery of nucleic acids and drug molecules to the brain. This defines a challenge for an effective delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). A number of potential biomolecules have failed at their developmental stage for clinical use due to an unsuccessful delivery to the CNS in required amounts. In this perspective, an in-depth research has been undertaken to understand the mechanisms underlying the transportation across the BBB via carriers. Amongst the various strategies, the use of cationic polymer carriers for nucleic acid and drug delivery across the BBB has gained much attention. This chapter reviews the developments of different cationic polymers vectors for delivering genes and drugs across the BBB.
ABSTRACT In the present review, the state-of-the-art of porous hydrogel foams will be described a... more ABSTRACT In the present review, the state-of-the-art of porous hydrogel foams will be described and emphasis will be made on their relevance for biomedical applications and more specifically, tissue repair. The description aims at emphasizing both some novel aspects as well as the versatility of hydrogel foams. In addition, an overview of some general hydrogel aspects will be given. Next, a section will deal with natural polymers commonly used and suitable for hydrogel foam development and their respective tissue regeneration applications, followed by a description on advanced technologies applied to design and characterize novel hydrogel foams.
The wettability of biomaterials is a prerequisite property for ensuring desired biological respon... more The wettability of biomaterials is a prerequisite property for ensuring desired biological response. The measurements of wettability represent essential scientific evaluation of properties for biomaterials. Most commonly used techniques to quantify wettability of polymeric biomaterials surfaces are contact angle measurements. This chapter highlights the fundamental concepts of wettability and contact angle, which play crucial roles in determining the surface properties of polymeric materials. The first section provides a brief overview of various techniques that are commonly used to measure contact angles, including the conventional telescope-goniometer method, Wilhelmy balance method, and the more recently developed drop shape analysis method. In addition, recent advancement of numerous methods for tuning the wettability properties of polymeric biomaterials for various biomedical applications has been discussed in detail.
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