Preliminary thermogravimetric studies of Silantek coal (SL), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), PKS char an... more Preliminary thermogravimetric studies of Silantek coal (SL), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), PKS char and their blends have been performed in a Thermogravimetry Analyser(TGA). PKS char were produced using microwave irradiation carbonization system at power of 300 Watt, with nitrogen flow rate of 150 mL/min for 30 minutes. Combustion tests of raw and blends samples were carried out in purified air atmosphere conditions at heating rates of 20 °C/min. The SL/ PKS and SL/ PKS char blends were prepared in the weight ratios of 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80. Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results which represent the decomposition of volatile matters and char showed that raw PKS has higher reactivity than SL during combustion process. The thermal profiles of the SL: PKS blends correlated with the percentage of PKS added in the blends, representing lack of synergic effect between both samples. SL and PKS char blends results in single evolution peak, indicated possibility to be used as alternative fuel for combustion. These findings may be useful for the power generation industry in the development of future co-firing plants using coal/ biomass; however, significant development work is required before large-scale implementation can be done.
This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), ... more This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (PMF)) and their respective blends during pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The coal/palm biomass blends were prepared at six different weight ratios and experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using nitrogen as inert gas at various heating rates to ramp the temperature from 25 °C to 900 °C. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition of EFB, PMF and PKS exhibit one, two and three distinct evolution profiles, respectively. Apparently, the thermal profiles of the coal/oil palm biomass blends appear to correlate with the percentage of biomass added in the blends, thus, suggesting lack of interaction between the coal and palm biomass. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of coal, palm biomass and their respective blends.
This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), ... more This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (PMF)) and their respective blends during pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The coal/palm biomass blends were prepared at six different weight ratios and experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using nitrogen as inert gas at various heating rates to ramp the temperature from 25 °C to 900 °C. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition of EFB, PMF and PKS exhibit one, two and three distinct evolution profiles, respectively. Apparently, the thermal profiles of the coal/oil palm biomass blends appear to correlate with the percentage of biomass added in the blends, thus, suggesting lack of interaction between the coal and palm biomass. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of coal, palm biomass and their respective blends.
The combustion characteristics of Malaysia oil palm biomass (palm kernel shell (PKS), palm mesoca... more The combustion characteristics of Malaysia oil palm biomass (palm kernel shell (PKS), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB)), sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian) and coal/biomass blends via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were investigated. Six weight ratios of coal/biomass blends were prepared and oxidised under dynamic conditions from temperature 25 to 1100 °C at four heating rates. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the EFB and PKS evolved additional peak besides drying, devolatilisation and char oxidation steps during combustion. Ignition and burn out temperatures of blends were improved in comparison to coal. No interactions were observed between the coal and biomass during combustion. The apparent activation energy during this process was evaluated using iso-conversional model free kinetics which resulted in highest activation energy during combustion of PKS followed by PMF, EFB and MB coal. Blending oil palm biomass with coal reduces the apparent activation energy value.► The combustion of biomass proceeded in two stages namely volatile combustion and char combustion. ► Combustion of PKS and EFB showed additional peak that was due to mineral degradation. ► The presence of biomass in the coal/biomass blends improved the combustion performance. ► The coal/palm biomass blends showed additive behaviour indicating non-synergistic effects. ► Ea of coal < EFB < PMF < PKS during combustion.
Preliminary thermogravimetric studies of Silantek coal (SL), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), PKS char an... more Preliminary thermogravimetric studies of Silantek coal (SL), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), PKS char and their blends have been performed in a Thermogravimetry Analyser(TGA). PKS char were produced using microwave irradiation carbonization system at power of 300 Watt, with nitrogen flow rate of 150 mL/min for 30 minutes. Combustion tests of raw and blends samples were carried out in purified air atmosphere conditions at heating rates of 20 °C/min. The SL/ PKS and SL/ PKS char blends were prepared in the weight ratios of 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80. Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results which represent the decomposition of volatile matters and char showed that raw PKS has higher reactivity than SL during combustion process. The thermal profiles of the SL: PKS blends correlated with the percentage of PKS added in the blends, representing lack of synergic effect between both samples. SL and PKS char blends results in single evolution peak, indicated possibility to be used as alternative fuel for combustion. These findings may be useful for the power generation industry in the development of future co-firing plants using coal/ biomass; however, significant development work is required before large-scale implementation can be done.
This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), ... more This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (PMF)) and their respective blends during pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The coal/palm biomass blends were prepared at six different weight ratios and experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using nitrogen as inert gas at various heating rates to ramp the temperature from 25 °C to 900 °C. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition of EFB, PMF and PKS exhibit one, two and three distinct evolution profiles, respectively. Apparently, the thermal profiles of the coal/oil palm biomass blends appear to correlate with the percentage of biomass added in the blends, thus, suggesting lack of interaction between the coal and palm biomass. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of coal, palm biomass and their respective blends.
This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), ... more This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (PMF)) and their respective blends during pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The coal/palm biomass blends were prepared at six different weight ratios and experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using nitrogen as inert gas at various heating rates to ramp the temperature from 25 °C to 900 °C. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition of EFB, PMF and PKS exhibit one, two and three distinct evolution profiles, respectively. Apparently, the thermal profiles of the coal/oil palm biomass blends appear to correlate with the percentage of biomass added in the blends, thus, suggesting lack of interaction between the coal and palm biomass. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of coal, palm biomass and their respective blends.
The combustion characteristics of Malaysia oil palm biomass (palm kernel shell (PKS), palm mesoca... more The combustion characteristics of Malaysia oil palm biomass (palm kernel shell (PKS), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB)), sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian) and coal/biomass blends via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were investigated. Six weight ratios of coal/biomass blends were prepared and oxidised under dynamic conditions from temperature 25 to 1100 °C at four heating rates. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the EFB and PKS evolved additional peak besides drying, devolatilisation and char oxidation steps during combustion. Ignition and burn out temperatures of blends were improved in comparison to coal. No interactions were observed between the coal and biomass during combustion. The apparent activation energy during this process was evaluated using iso-conversional model free kinetics which resulted in highest activation energy during combustion of PKS followed by PMF, EFB and MB coal. Blending oil palm biomass with coal reduces the apparent activation energy value.► The combustion of biomass proceeded in two stages namely volatile combustion and char combustion. ► Combustion of PKS and EFB showed additional peak that was due to mineral degradation. ► The presence of biomass in the coal/biomass blends improved the combustion performance. ► The coal/palm biomass blends showed additive behaviour indicating non-synergistic effects. ► Ea of coal < EFB < PMF < PKS during combustion.
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