IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This study attempts to classify and characterise Malay aristocratic architectural styles through ... more This study attempts to classify and characterise Malay aristocratic architectural styles through the elements and language of its frontages as the guidance of designing, conserving, and identifying Malay rules and languages. It is vital to recognise, bridge and restructure the Malay architectural language, which ruptured historically because of the impact of colonialism. The focus is to find visual and formal similarities distributed within a specific common region of the Malay world which span the years of colonisation between the 1700s to 1930, and overcome the enormous diversity of this typology and phenomena across the region and eras. The historical and cultural mapping of 60 palaces and aristocratic buildings were conducted to classifies the architectural styles based on the visual, language and typological similarities. The studies then argue that the hybrid forms found in the later eras of colonisation represent the Malay stylistic categories. This study aims to identify a s...
Malaysia’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) calls for sustainability that runs in manifold dir... more Malaysia’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) calls for sustainability that runs in manifold directions, including in the aspects of natural, cultural and social sustainability. This project intends to cover some spectrum of sustainability by re-planting trees for natural preservation, instilling awareness among youth on the importance of nature for sustaining cultural lifestyle and having collaborative academic action for social sustainable incorporation. In addition, Malaysia has also formulated the National Framework on Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). Hence, this project will be integrated with the usage of SMART Tag, that has informative description of trees in the form of videos, stored in cloud. The target group for this sustainable project are the students of Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design (KAED), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). It is crucial to engage the young generation on sustainable project as they are the group who undertaken t...
The ‘Malay kedatuan’ refers to the traditional administrative centres of the Malay world which re... more The ‘Malay kedatuan’ refers to the traditional administrative centres of the Malay world which represent the public realm of a socio-cultural urbanized realm of the past. 16th century Melaka, 18th century Kedah, Terengganu and Riau-Lingga centres had at one time, constituted Sultanate-centered urban configurations, which now exist only in partial reconstructions, documents, lithographs and models. Surviving forms include Alor Setar, parts of Kota Bahru and Kuala Kangsar (Malaysia) and Pontianak, Kalimantan. ‘Archetypical’ refer to recurring generic configurations in which palaces, key buildings, were sited close to each other concerning river and sea. These sanctuaries embody key bioclimatic principles characterising the age-old ‘climatic fit’ of the Malay house, which were also reflected in such archetypes, which remain less discussed in the field of urban design. The traditional Malay public realm had mainly centred around palaces, and represent the axis of life during traditional...
In the 1960s, Jean-Philippe Lenclos introduced a structured methodology for determining the color... more In the 1960s, Jean-Philippe Lenclos introduced a structured methodology for determining the color palettes of urban environments. After half a century, this method is widely used all over the world. Since this process contains subjective and time-consuming steps, we propose a quantitative improvement of Lenclos' methodology by introducing a fully digital procedure. This removes observer subjectivity and dependence on local illumination conditions. We applied the digital process to the four monumental buildings of Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan, a masterpiece of world architecture. The resulting color palettes are more accurate than those obtained in earlier studies. We obtained more accurate color coordinates, characterized by a wider color gamut, and quantified color variations within buildings and between monuments as wel
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
To develop new drying facilities, it was important to know the impact of every input parameter to... more To develop new drying facilities, it was important to know the impact of every input parameter to the drying process. Using a real prototype to carry out the experiment required high cost and time consuming especially for large scale drying. CFD simulation approached was one of the solution. Previous study of drying simulation only focuses on the fix value of the input parameter. This paper presents the result of CFD simulation to predict the heat distribution in sericite mica drying with variable temperature and airflow condition. Variable temperature and airflow was used because the only heat source for the dryer was from the solar energy therefore it's only available in the day time. The analysis was carried out for 24 hours of drying time. The simulation result shows that the temperature inside the sericite mica increase 8 to 10°C when the solar energy is available and it is still increasing about 4 to 7°C for 5 hours after the solar energy is absent. The result also shows that during the drying time the temperature of sericite mica that is closer to the heat source was higher compared to the one that is further away with the maximum difference of 3.8°C.
The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which... more The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which is normally less efficient in the hot humid climate due to the small temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally-ventilated buildings. This research aims to examine a potential solar induced ventilation strategy for the hot humid climate. There are two methods used which are the documents survey and a physical test. The documents survey was executed on Trombe wall, solar chimney and roof solar collector. This survey resulted in the proposed development of combined roof solar collector and vertical stack as the most appropriate strategy. A testing using physical model was executed in the actual environmental conditions. The findings indicate that the proposed strategy attained air temperature difference (Ti-To) of 8.5 oC for 633 W/m² solar radiation. This air temperature difference is more than the usual air temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally ventilated buildings in Malaysia. Hence, the research concludes that the proposed strategy is able to enhance stack effect ventilation in hot and humid climate.
The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which... more The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which is normally less efficient in the hot humid climate due to the small temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally-ventilated buildings. Therefore development and application of solar induced ventilation prototype in industrial building, particularly the premises of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is crucial. The development and application of this strategy in SME premises is expected to promote natural ventilation, hence reducing the business operating cost. Moreover, high ventilation rates are necessary to such building in maintaining healthy indoor air quality.
This study indicates the analysis of the weather data effect on a small building cooled by direct... more This study indicates the analysis of the weather data effect on a small building cooled by direct solar adsorption air-conditioning system. The weather data of Malaysia was used in the simulation, with a cooling load and its variation due to the solar radiation change. TRNSYS simulation was used in this study with the assistance of HAP 4.6 software. With a cooling capacity of 3.5 kW for the adsorption system, the maximum cooling load recorded was 3.1 kW. The results of the study show that the weather data plays a major rule on the cooling load and the performance of the adsorption cooling system.
The development of roads and driveways are on the rise as automobiles are now a necessity to all.... more The development of roads and driveways are on the rise as automobiles are now a necessity to all. This excessive development with its requirements increased the urban heat temperature and the generation of waste tyres. Waste tyre management has therefore been taken seriously by developed countries and since the European directive to ban used tyre products and whole tire disposal from landfill in 2003 and 2006 respectively, many researchers have looked for alternative ways to use the waste tyre. In Malaysia, The Smart and Cool Home Developer attempted to develop an eco-house by utilising waste tyre as the foundation for the driveway and claimed that the buried tyres act as a heat sink for the concrete and reduce the surface temperature of the driveway. Hence investigations were conducted on two sample houses to investigate this phenomenon. Findings from this pilot study show that waste tyres do act as a heat sink to the concrete driveways which affect the ambient temperature and relative humidity of the immediate surroundings.
Abstract Big campuses resemble small cities in terms of populations and urban characteristics. Ma... more Abstract Big campuses resemble small cities in terms of populations and urban characteristics. Malaysia is a country that recognizes the concept of sustainable campus (SC) by ratifying Talloire Declaration. This country lacks a local assessment tool to assess the level of SC in its university campuses. An exploratory research inclusive of observation, interview and content analyses was conducted to identify the specific challenges of Malaysian universities in terms of the community and social aspects. The construct of ...
Rules of thumb in daylighting have been expressed in a variety of modes in architectural. It can ... more Rules of thumb in daylighting have been expressed in a variety of modes in architectural. It can be divided into categories based on the parameters which constitute them. One of the categories is floor depth. This paper presents the impact of different floor depth on daylighting performance of the simulated office room using 1 meter shading device. Several parameters such as shading device, ceiling height, and material reflectance have been appointed. Overcast sky was chosen as tropical-compatible sky types. Models then were simulated and analyzed using an application of IES_VE software called RADIANCE. Existing daylighting rules of thumb has been modified and thus create new formula for Kuala Lumpur sky based on the smallest academic office room in public university.
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is one of the renewable energy resources that produce electric ... more Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is one of the renewable energy resources that produce electric and thermal energy simultaneously. One of the key parameters to ensure good performance of the PVT is the design of the collector absorber. In this study, a thermal model of the PVT was developed to predict the thermal efficiency of the system. Simulations were conducted on four configurations of the serpentine tube. Results showed that the best design could achieve 50% thermal efficiency at zero reduced temperature. Our findings indicate that the shape, gap, and diameter of the tubes of the absorber are crucial to the good performance of the PVT.
In this study, the thermal efficiency of a polymer collector with unglazed photovoltaic thermal (... more In this study, the thermal efficiency of a polymer collector with unglazed photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system was determined. Overall heat loss was estimated using the heat energy balance method. Based on the analysis, the heat removal factor of the PVT system was found to be 0.55. The thermal performance of the system was 47% during the zero reduce temperature. The unglazed PVT polymer collector could replace the conventional PVT collector, which encountered problems such as high cost, weighting issues, and corrosion.
Sustainable energy system design offers credible and innovative strategies to overcome environmen... more Sustainable energy system design offers credible and innovative strategies to overcome environmental energy crises. Solar walls offer feasible technique for the exploitation of directional flow of heat in buildings. This article reviewed state-of-the-art concepts, applications and significance of solar walls for energy savings in buildings. Detailed operational framework of various solar-wall configurations, technology and efficiency as building component was discussed. Need for this sustainable energy design in buildings and constraints associated with their realisation were reported to aid proposed future research work.
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the application of a solar-induced ventilation strategy in a small ... more ABSTRACT This paper discusses the application of a solar-induced ventilation strategy in a small and medium enterprise (SME) building, which is a single-storey shophouse. The aim of the study was to examine the performance of the proposed strategy to enhance the indoor environment of the selected building. The poposed strategy comprises two parts, namely roof solar collector and vertical stack. The research method employed a simulation modelling, which was validated against field measurement. The findings indicated that the proposed strategy was able to reduce the indoor air temperature, as well as increase the indoor air flow rate and air exchange rate of the SME building. The highest indoor air temperature reduction was 1.8℃, while the highest indoor air flow rate and air exchange rate enhancement were 0.08 m3/s and 16 ACH, respectively. In summary, the findings highlighted the potential application of the proposed strategy in enhancing the indoor environment of an SME building. The combination of roof solar collector and vertical stack was demonstrated to enable enhancement of the stack ventilation, to provide high ventilation rates especially for buildings with deep plan layout, by increasing the temperature difference between the inside and outside air, as well as the vertical difference between the inlet and outlet.
A field study on assessing thermal comfort has been performed on one of the large-scale hospitals... more A field study on assessing thermal comfort has been performed on one of the large-scale hospitals in Malaysia, a country where the climate is classified as hot-humid. The main objective of this study was to examine the comfort criteria by American Society of Heating, Air conditioning & Refrigeration Engineers, US (ASHRAE) standards in hot-humid regions and also to find the correlation between predicted mean vote (PMV) according to Fanger’s theory and thermal sensation vote (TSV) according to occupant votes. Therefore, both objective and subjective data was collected in this hospital, and this study’s results have confirmed that the preferred temperature is not necessarily in compliance with a neutral temperature, and people in hot-humid areas would prefer cooler environment to neutral temperature. In addition, by analyzing linear regression, a strong correlation between PMV and TSV was found while R2 = 0.950, and also the neutral temperature point in this field study was around +0.7...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This study attempts to classify and characterise Malay aristocratic architectural styles through ... more This study attempts to classify and characterise Malay aristocratic architectural styles through the elements and language of its frontages as the guidance of designing, conserving, and identifying Malay rules and languages. It is vital to recognise, bridge and restructure the Malay architectural language, which ruptured historically because of the impact of colonialism. The focus is to find visual and formal similarities distributed within a specific common region of the Malay world which span the years of colonisation between the 1700s to 1930, and overcome the enormous diversity of this typology and phenomena across the region and eras. The historical and cultural mapping of 60 palaces and aristocratic buildings were conducted to classifies the architectural styles based on the visual, language and typological similarities. The studies then argue that the hybrid forms found in the later eras of colonisation represent the Malay stylistic categories. This study aims to identify a s...
Malaysia’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) calls for sustainability that runs in manifold dir... more Malaysia’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) calls for sustainability that runs in manifold directions, including in the aspects of natural, cultural and social sustainability. This project intends to cover some spectrum of sustainability by re-planting trees for natural preservation, instilling awareness among youth on the importance of nature for sustaining cultural lifestyle and having collaborative academic action for social sustainable incorporation. In addition, Malaysia has also formulated the National Framework on Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). Hence, this project will be integrated with the usage of SMART Tag, that has informative description of trees in the form of videos, stored in cloud. The target group for this sustainable project are the students of Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design (KAED), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). It is crucial to engage the young generation on sustainable project as they are the group who undertaken t...
The ‘Malay kedatuan’ refers to the traditional administrative centres of the Malay world which re... more The ‘Malay kedatuan’ refers to the traditional administrative centres of the Malay world which represent the public realm of a socio-cultural urbanized realm of the past. 16th century Melaka, 18th century Kedah, Terengganu and Riau-Lingga centres had at one time, constituted Sultanate-centered urban configurations, which now exist only in partial reconstructions, documents, lithographs and models. Surviving forms include Alor Setar, parts of Kota Bahru and Kuala Kangsar (Malaysia) and Pontianak, Kalimantan. ‘Archetypical’ refer to recurring generic configurations in which palaces, key buildings, were sited close to each other concerning river and sea. These sanctuaries embody key bioclimatic principles characterising the age-old ‘climatic fit’ of the Malay house, which were also reflected in such archetypes, which remain less discussed in the field of urban design. The traditional Malay public realm had mainly centred around palaces, and represent the axis of life during traditional...
In the 1960s, Jean-Philippe Lenclos introduced a structured methodology for determining the color... more In the 1960s, Jean-Philippe Lenclos introduced a structured methodology for determining the color palettes of urban environments. After half a century, this method is widely used all over the world. Since this process contains subjective and time-consuming steps, we propose a quantitative improvement of Lenclos' methodology by introducing a fully digital procedure. This removes observer subjectivity and dependence on local illumination conditions. We applied the digital process to the four monumental buildings of Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan, a masterpiece of world architecture. The resulting color palettes are more accurate than those obtained in earlier studies. We obtained more accurate color coordinates, characterized by a wider color gamut, and quantified color variations within buildings and between monuments as wel
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
To develop new drying facilities, it was important to know the impact of every input parameter to... more To develop new drying facilities, it was important to know the impact of every input parameter to the drying process. Using a real prototype to carry out the experiment required high cost and time consuming especially for large scale drying. CFD simulation approached was one of the solution. Previous study of drying simulation only focuses on the fix value of the input parameter. This paper presents the result of CFD simulation to predict the heat distribution in sericite mica drying with variable temperature and airflow condition. Variable temperature and airflow was used because the only heat source for the dryer was from the solar energy therefore it's only available in the day time. The analysis was carried out for 24 hours of drying time. The simulation result shows that the temperature inside the sericite mica increase 8 to 10°C when the solar energy is available and it is still increasing about 4 to 7°C for 5 hours after the solar energy is absent. The result also shows that during the drying time the temperature of sericite mica that is closer to the heat source was higher compared to the one that is further away with the maximum difference of 3.8°C.
The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which... more The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which is normally less efficient in the hot humid climate due to the small temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally-ventilated buildings. This research aims to examine a potential solar induced ventilation strategy for the hot humid climate. There are two methods used which are the documents survey and a physical test. The documents survey was executed on Trombe wall, solar chimney and roof solar collector. This survey resulted in the proposed development of combined roof solar collector and vertical stack as the most appropriate strategy. A testing using physical model was executed in the actual environmental conditions. The findings indicate that the proposed strategy attained air temperature difference (Ti-To) of 8.5 oC for 633 W/m² solar radiation. This air temperature difference is more than the usual air temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally ventilated buildings in Malaysia. Hence, the research concludes that the proposed strategy is able to enhance stack effect ventilation in hot and humid climate.
The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which... more The use of solar energy in solar induced ventilation helps to enhance the stack ventilation which is normally less efficient in the hot humid climate due to the small temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally-ventilated buildings. Therefore development and application of solar induced ventilation prototype in industrial building, particularly the premises of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is crucial. The development and application of this strategy in SME premises is expected to promote natural ventilation, hence reducing the business operating cost. Moreover, high ventilation rates are necessary to such building in maintaining healthy indoor air quality.
This study indicates the analysis of the weather data effect on a small building cooled by direct... more This study indicates the analysis of the weather data effect on a small building cooled by direct solar adsorption air-conditioning system. The weather data of Malaysia was used in the simulation, with a cooling load and its variation due to the solar radiation change. TRNSYS simulation was used in this study with the assistance of HAP 4.6 software. With a cooling capacity of 3.5 kW for the adsorption system, the maximum cooling load recorded was 3.1 kW. The results of the study show that the weather data plays a major rule on the cooling load and the performance of the adsorption cooling system.
The development of roads and driveways are on the rise as automobiles are now a necessity to all.... more The development of roads and driveways are on the rise as automobiles are now a necessity to all. This excessive development with its requirements increased the urban heat temperature and the generation of waste tyres. Waste tyre management has therefore been taken seriously by developed countries and since the European directive to ban used tyre products and whole tire disposal from landfill in 2003 and 2006 respectively, many researchers have looked for alternative ways to use the waste tyre. In Malaysia, The Smart and Cool Home Developer attempted to develop an eco-house by utilising waste tyre as the foundation for the driveway and claimed that the buried tyres act as a heat sink for the concrete and reduce the surface temperature of the driveway. Hence investigations were conducted on two sample houses to investigate this phenomenon. Findings from this pilot study show that waste tyres do act as a heat sink to the concrete driveways which affect the ambient temperature and relative humidity of the immediate surroundings.
Abstract Big campuses resemble small cities in terms of populations and urban characteristics. Ma... more Abstract Big campuses resemble small cities in terms of populations and urban characteristics. Malaysia is a country that recognizes the concept of sustainable campus (SC) by ratifying Talloire Declaration. This country lacks a local assessment tool to assess the level of SC in its university campuses. An exploratory research inclusive of observation, interview and content analyses was conducted to identify the specific challenges of Malaysian universities in terms of the community and social aspects. The construct of ...
Rules of thumb in daylighting have been expressed in a variety of modes in architectural. It can ... more Rules of thumb in daylighting have been expressed in a variety of modes in architectural. It can be divided into categories based on the parameters which constitute them. One of the categories is floor depth. This paper presents the impact of different floor depth on daylighting performance of the simulated office room using 1 meter shading device. Several parameters such as shading device, ceiling height, and material reflectance have been appointed. Overcast sky was chosen as tropical-compatible sky types. Models then were simulated and analyzed using an application of IES_VE software called RADIANCE. Existing daylighting rules of thumb has been modified and thus create new formula for Kuala Lumpur sky based on the smallest academic office room in public university.
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is one of the renewable energy resources that produce electric ... more Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is one of the renewable energy resources that produce electric and thermal energy simultaneously. One of the key parameters to ensure good performance of the PVT is the design of the collector absorber. In this study, a thermal model of the PVT was developed to predict the thermal efficiency of the system. Simulations were conducted on four configurations of the serpentine tube. Results showed that the best design could achieve 50% thermal efficiency at zero reduced temperature. Our findings indicate that the shape, gap, and diameter of the tubes of the absorber are crucial to the good performance of the PVT.
In this study, the thermal efficiency of a polymer collector with unglazed photovoltaic thermal (... more In this study, the thermal efficiency of a polymer collector with unglazed photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system was determined. Overall heat loss was estimated using the heat energy balance method. Based on the analysis, the heat removal factor of the PVT system was found to be 0.55. The thermal performance of the system was 47% during the zero reduce temperature. The unglazed PVT polymer collector could replace the conventional PVT collector, which encountered problems such as high cost, weighting issues, and corrosion.
Sustainable energy system design offers credible and innovative strategies to overcome environmen... more Sustainable energy system design offers credible and innovative strategies to overcome environmental energy crises. Solar walls offer feasible technique for the exploitation of directional flow of heat in buildings. This article reviewed state-of-the-art concepts, applications and significance of solar walls for energy savings in buildings. Detailed operational framework of various solar-wall configurations, technology and efficiency as building component was discussed. Need for this sustainable energy design in buildings and constraints associated with their realisation were reported to aid proposed future research work.
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the application of a solar-induced ventilation strategy in a small ... more ABSTRACT This paper discusses the application of a solar-induced ventilation strategy in a small and medium enterprise (SME) building, which is a single-storey shophouse. The aim of the study was to examine the performance of the proposed strategy to enhance the indoor environment of the selected building. The poposed strategy comprises two parts, namely roof solar collector and vertical stack. The research method employed a simulation modelling, which was validated against field measurement. The findings indicated that the proposed strategy was able to reduce the indoor air temperature, as well as increase the indoor air flow rate and air exchange rate of the SME building. The highest indoor air temperature reduction was 1.8℃, while the highest indoor air flow rate and air exchange rate enhancement were 0.08 m3/s and 16 ACH, respectively. In summary, the findings highlighted the potential application of the proposed strategy in enhancing the indoor environment of an SME building. The combination of roof solar collector and vertical stack was demonstrated to enable enhancement of the stack ventilation, to provide high ventilation rates especially for buildings with deep plan layout, by increasing the temperature difference between the inside and outside air, as well as the vertical difference between the inlet and outlet.
A field study on assessing thermal comfort has been performed on one of the large-scale hospitals... more A field study on assessing thermal comfort has been performed on one of the large-scale hospitals in Malaysia, a country where the climate is classified as hot-humid. The main objective of this study was to examine the comfort criteria by American Society of Heating, Air conditioning & Refrigeration Engineers, US (ASHRAE) standards in hot-humid regions and also to find the correlation between predicted mean vote (PMV) according to Fanger’s theory and thermal sensation vote (TSV) according to occupant votes. Therefore, both objective and subjective data was collected in this hospital, and this study’s results have confirmed that the preferred temperature is not necessarily in compliance with a neutral temperature, and people in hot-humid areas would prefer cooler environment to neutral temperature. In addition, by analyzing linear regression, a strong correlation between PMV and TSV was found while R2 = 0.950, and also the neutral temperature point in this field study was around +0.7...
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Papers by Elias Salleh