Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda Pawson & Miller, 1981and Havelockia obunca (Lam... more Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda Pawson & Miller, 1981and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) are referred to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1989, and a taxonomic key is provided to all species currently contained in the family Sclerothyonidae Thandar (sensu Smirnov 2012). Since the nomen Neothyone in the family Thyonidae (sensu Smirnov 2012), is preoccupied [(having been used by Hampson (1914) for a group of moths belonging to the family Arctiidae)], the name Lisacucumis nomen nov. is here proposed, with Stolus gibber Selenka as type species, as designated for Neothyone by Deichmann (1941).
A new dendrochirotid sea cucumber, Satsumaocnus kaiyomarui gen. nov., sp. nov. from deep water of... more A new dendrochirotid sea cucumber, Satsumaocnus kaiyomarui gen. nov., sp. nov. from deep water of southern Japan is herein described. The new species displays the following unique characters : a cylindrical, soft body; mouth surrounded by five oral valves; 10 equal, dendritic tentacles arranged in a single circle, each composed of two tufts; a low, stout, compact, calcareous ring without posterior prolongations; body wall ossicles comprising an external layer of small, x-framed hourglass-shaped cups originally described as “double-faced x-framed cup ossicles” in a previous study reported by Yamana et al. (2019), and an inner layer of scarce dendriform/branched rods, sometimes taking the shape of delicate plate-like deposits. Although the general (external and internal) morphological characters of the new species correspond well with the characters of species within the cucumariid subfamily Colochirinae Panning, 1949, our material lacks any buttons or elaborate plate-like ossicles which characterize all extant genera within this subfamily. We, therefore, describe our material as a new species S. kaiyomarui sp. nov. within the new genus Satsumaocnus. The predominant body wall deposits of the new species strongly resemble the hourglass type ossicles of some species of the psolid genus Lissothuria (Verrill, 1867), but differ in their possession of a supporting x-shaped frame. In addition, it is noteworthy that these hourglass deposits also resemble the table ossicles of some holothuriids and stichopodids, when viewed from the side, especially the small tables of some Labidodemas and/or Stichopus species, while the dendriform rods resemble those of Thelenota.
FIGURE 1. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. A. part of calcareous ring; B branched and unbranched ro... more FIGURE 1. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. A. part of calcareous ring; B branched and unbranched rods from gonad; C. same from respiratory tree; D. rods from podia; E. rods from tentacle. A. scale a; rest scale b.
FIGURE 5. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. Entire. A. Dorsal view; B. ventral view (courtesy Charles Grif... more FIGURE 5. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. Entire. A. Dorsal view; B. ventral view (courtesy Charles Griffiths).
FIGURE 6. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. A. Baskets from dorsal surface; B. baskets from sole; C. minut... more FIGURE 6. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. A. Baskets from dorsal surface; B. baskets from sole; C. minutely knobbed plates from podium; D. smooth plates from tentacle; E. anus with anal and accessory anal plates. E. scale b; rest scale a.
FIGURE 7. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. SE micrograph of A. single dorsal plate; B. baskets from sole;... more FIGURE 7. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. SE micrograph of A. single dorsal plate; B. baskets from sole; C. plates from tentacle.
FIGURE 2. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. SE micrograph. A. Rods from tentacle; B. rods from gonad... more FIGURE 2. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. SE micrograph. A. Rods from tentacle; B. rods from gonad (above), respiratory tree (below); C. rod from podium. All to same scale.
FIGURE 2. Thyonina bijui n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype, DABFUK ECH HO 17); B. Body wall oss... more FIGURE 2. Thyonina bijui n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype, DABFUK ECH HO 17); B. Body wall ossicles; C. Ventral podia plates; D. Dorsal podia plate; E. rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Anal region ossicles; G. Introvert ossices; H. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(A–D, F, G by courtesy of Biju Kumar).
Leptosynapta clarki is redescribed on the basis of the type material and new collections from Bam... more Leptosynapta clarki is redescribed on the basis of the type material and new collections from Bamfield and Gabriola Island, British Columbia, and False Bay, San Juan Island, Washington. Both intraspecific and zoogeographic variations are recorded. Further, notes are added on changes in spicule form and the size of the anchor plates with age in a single population of the species from Grappler Inlet, Bamfield. Leptosynapta roxtona Heding, 1928, described from three fragments, is declared a synonym of L. clarki, and L. lens Heding, 1928 a synonym of L. albicans (Selenka, 1867). Leptosynapta transgressor Heding, 1928 is suspected to be a subtidal ecological variant of L. clarki, but is tentatively retained until living material becomes available.
Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda Pawson & Miller, 1981and Havelockia obunca (Lam... more Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda Pawson & Miller, 1981and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) are referred to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1989, and a taxonomic key is provided to all species currently contained in the family Sclerothyonidae Thandar (sensu Smirnov 2012). Since the nomen Neothyone in the family Thyonidae (sensu Smirnov 2012), is preoccupied [(having been used by Hampson (1914) for a group of moths belonging to the family Arctiidae)], the name Lisacucumis nomen nov. is here proposed, with Stolus gibber Selenka as type species, as designated for Neothyone by Deichmann (1941).
A new dendrochirotid sea cucumber, Satsumaocnus kaiyomarui gen. nov., sp. nov. from deep water of... more A new dendrochirotid sea cucumber, Satsumaocnus kaiyomarui gen. nov., sp. nov. from deep water of southern Japan is herein described. The new species displays the following unique characters : a cylindrical, soft body; mouth surrounded by five oral valves; 10 equal, dendritic tentacles arranged in a single circle, each composed of two tufts; a low, stout, compact, calcareous ring without posterior prolongations; body wall ossicles comprising an external layer of small, x-framed hourglass-shaped cups originally described as “double-faced x-framed cup ossicles” in a previous study reported by Yamana et al. (2019), and an inner layer of scarce dendriform/branched rods, sometimes taking the shape of delicate plate-like deposits. Although the general (external and internal) morphological characters of the new species correspond well with the characters of species within the cucumariid subfamily Colochirinae Panning, 1949, our material lacks any buttons or elaborate plate-like ossicles which characterize all extant genera within this subfamily. We, therefore, describe our material as a new species S. kaiyomarui sp. nov. within the new genus Satsumaocnus. The predominant body wall deposits of the new species strongly resemble the hourglass type ossicles of some species of the psolid genus Lissothuria (Verrill, 1867), but differ in their possession of a supporting x-shaped frame. In addition, it is noteworthy that these hourglass deposits also resemble the table ossicles of some holothuriids and stichopodids, when viewed from the side, especially the small tables of some Labidodemas and/or Stichopus species, while the dendriform rods resemble those of Thelenota.
FIGURE 1. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. A. part of calcareous ring; B branched and unbranched ro... more FIGURE 1. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. A. part of calcareous ring; B branched and unbranched rods from gonad; C. same from respiratory tree; D. rods from podia; E. rods from tentacle. A. scale a; rest scale b.
FIGURE 5. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. Entire. A. Dorsal view; B. ventral view (courtesy Charles Grif... more FIGURE 5. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. Entire. A. Dorsal view; B. ventral view (courtesy Charles Griffiths).
FIGURE 6. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. A. Baskets from dorsal surface; B. baskets from sole; C. minut... more FIGURE 6. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. A. Baskets from dorsal surface; B. baskets from sole; C. minutely knobbed plates from podium; D. smooth plates from tentacle; E. anus with anal and accessory anal plates. E. scale b; rest scale a.
FIGURE 7. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. SE micrograph of A. single dorsal plate; B. baskets from sole;... more FIGURE 7. Psolus griffithsi n. sp. SE micrograph of A. single dorsal plate; B. baskets from sole; C. plates from tentacle.
FIGURE 2. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. SE micrograph. A. Rods from tentacle; B. rods from gonad... more FIGURE 2. Pseudostichopus langeae n. sp. SE micrograph. A. Rods from tentacle; B. rods from gonad (above), respiratory tree (below); C. rod from podium. All to same scale.
FIGURE 2. Thyonina bijui n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype, DABFUK ECH HO 17); B. Body wall oss... more FIGURE 2. Thyonina bijui n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype, DABFUK ECH HO 17); B. Body wall ossicles; C. Ventral podia plates; D. Dorsal podia plate; E. rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Anal region ossicles; G. Introvert ossices; H. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(A–D, F, G by courtesy of Biju Kumar).
Leptosynapta clarki is redescribed on the basis of the type material and new collections from Bam... more Leptosynapta clarki is redescribed on the basis of the type material and new collections from Bamfield and Gabriola Island, British Columbia, and False Bay, San Juan Island, Washington. Both intraspecific and zoogeographic variations are recorded. Further, notes are added on changes in spicule form and the size of the anchor plates with age in a single population of the species from Grappler Inlet, Bamfield. Leptosynapta roxtona Heding, 1928, described from three fragments, is declared a synonym of L. clarki, and L. lens Heding, 1928 a synonym of L. albicans (Selenka, 1867). Leptosynapta transgressor Heding, 1928 is suspected to be a subtidal ecological variant of L. clarki, but is tentatively retained until living material becomes available.
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