Abstract We construct a competitive model that explains the gender pay gap per hour by a statisti... more Abstract We construct a competitive model that explains the gender pay gap per hour by a statistical discrimination mechanism based on unobserved effort provided by men and women in accordance to an intrahousehold division of labor in which only women engage in child rearing activities. For unskilled labor an additional physical endowment effect arises and increases the pay gap against women. The model explains several empirical regularities in the literature of regression analysis. We show empirical evidence for Colombia and the United States that is consistent with the predictions of the model. Further, we study an equal parental leave and equal pay for equal work policies and find conditions for these policies to be effective at reducing the pay gap.
In Colombia, although it can be said that, on average children living in urban areas have better ... more In Colombia, although it can be said that, on average children living in urban areas have better quality of life than their rural peers, it is also true that within cities, there are high levels of socioeconomic inequality. Our objective is to identify the contribution of the factors that explain the gap in stunting and excess weight between poor and non-poor children under 5 years of age in urban areas of Colombia. We use data from the 2015 National Nutritional Status Survey, and two nonlinear decomposition techniques based on the classical decomposition method developed by Blinder-Oaxaca. With a sample of 6877 observations, the results show that the intraurban gap of stunting between poor and non-poor children in urban areas is 4.8 percentage points. Its main determinants are the mother’s educational level (46.5%), affiliation to the health system by the mother (19.4%), and assisted delivery in a medical institution (16.6%). For excess weight, the gap is − 2.1 percentage points, and its main determinants are the mother’s educational level (39.2%) and birth attended by a physician (21.8%). This study suggests the coexistence of a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in children under 5 years of age living in urban areas of Colombia. Stunting is associated with low-income levels while excess weight is associated with higher income levels. The identification of the main determinants of DBM and its relative importance, constitutes a contribution for public policy makers aimed at reducing socioeconomic gaps.
Las disposiciones constitucionales sobre reelección presidencial se modificaron en varios países ... more Las disposiciones constitucionales sobre reelección presidencial se modificaron en varios países latinoamericanos durante los últimos años. En algunos países esos cambios pusieron en riesgo la existencia de la democracia. Este artículo utiliza el enfoque de principal-agente para analizar el papel del juez constitucional en la reelección presidencial como mecanismo de rendición de cuentas. Encuentra que la reelección inmediata en democracias de fuerte presidencialismo, puede ser un mecanismo perverso que agudiza la concentración del poder y deteriora el bienestar de los ciudadanos en vez de someter a los políticos a rendición de cuentas.
A partir de una revisión de los artículos publicados en las revistas más consultadas a nivel inte... more A partir de una revisión de los artículos publicados en las revistas más consultadas a nivel internacional: American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, Journal of Economic Literature y Quarterly Journal of Economics durante el período 1998-2003, con una metodología similar a la utilizada por Chiappori y Levitt (2003), se intenta determinar cuáles han sido las áreas de interés en
Abstract We construct a competitive model that explains the gender pay gap per hour by a statisti... more Abstract We construct a competitive model that explains the gender pay gap per hour by a statistical discrimination mechanism based on unobserved effort provided by men and women in accordance to an intrahousehold division of labor in which only women engage in child rearing activities. For unskilled labor an additional physical endowment effect arises and increases the pay gap against women. The model explains several empirical regularities in the literature of regression analysis. We show empirical evidence for Colombia and the United States that is consistent with the predictions of the model. Further, we study an equal parental leave and equal pay for equal work policies and find conditions for these policies to be effective at reducing the pay gap.
In Colombia, although it can be said that, on average children living in urban areas have better ... more In Colombia, although it can be said that, on average children living in urban areas have better quality of life than their rural peers, it is also true that within cities, there are high levels of socioeconomic inequality. Our objective is to identify the contribution of the factors that explain the gap in stunting and excess weight between poor and non-poor children under 5 years of age in urban areas of Colombia. We use data from the 2015 National Nutritional Status Survey, and two nonlinear decomposition techniques based on the classical decomposition method developed by Blinder-Oaxaca. With a sample of 6877 observations, the results show that the intraurban gap of stunting between poor and non-poor children in urban areas is 4.8 percentage points. Its main determinants are the mother’s educational level (46.5%), affiliation to the health system by the mother (19.4%), and assisted delivery in a medical institution (16.6%). For excess weight, the gap is − 2.1 percentage points, and its main determinants are the mother’s educational level (39.2%) and birth attended by a physician (21.8%). This study suggests the coexistence of a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in children under 5 years of age living in urban areas of Colombia. Stunting is associated with low-income levels while excess weight is associated with higher income levels. The identification of the main determinants of DBM and its relative importance, constitutes a contribution for public policy makers aimed at reducing socioeconomic gaps.
Las disposiciones constitucionales sobre reelección presidencial se modificaron en varios países ... more Las disposiciones constitucionales sobre reelección presidencial se modificaron en varios países latinoamericanos durante los últimos años. En algunos países esos cambios pusieron en riesgo la existencia de la democracia. Este artículo utiliza el enfoque de principal-agente para analizar el papel del juez constitucional en la reelección presidencial como mecanismo de rendición de cuentas. Encuentra que la reelección inmediata en democracias de fuerte presidencialismo, puede ser un mecanismo perverso que agudiza la concentración del poder y deteriora el bienestar de los ciudadanos en vez de someter a los políticos a rendición de cuentas.
A partir de una revisión de los artículos publicados en las revistas más consultadas a nivel inte... more A partir de una revisión de los artículos publicados en las revistas más consultadas a nivel internacional: American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, Journal of Economic Literature y Quarterly Journal of Economics durante el período 1998-2003, con una metodología similar a la utilizada por Chiappori y Levitt (2003), se intenta determinar cuáles han sido las áreas de interés en
Uploads
Papers by Ernesto Cardenas